Common thumb rules for civil engineering works
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3 setting time of cement
1) The document describes a test to determine the initial and final setting times of cement by using a Vicat apparatus. A cement paste sample is prepared and penetration is measured over time using needles to identify when the paste reaches initial and final set points.
2) The initial setting time is the time when the needle penetration is 5mm or higher. The final setting time is identified visually when the needle leaves an impression but the cutting edge fails to penetrate.
3) Specifications require a minimum initial setting time of 45 minutes and maximum final setting time of 10 hours or 375 minutes depending on the standard used. The test determines if the cement meets these specifications.
Rate analysis and costing - Estimation, Costing and Valuation Engineering
Standard Data – Observed Data – Schedule of rates – Market rates – Standard Data for Man Hours and Machineries for common civil works – Rate Analysis for all Building works, canals, and Roads– Cost Estimates
EQS - RATE ANALYSIS.pdf
Rate analysis determines the cost per unit of a construction item. It includes costs of materials, labor, contractor profit (10-15%), and overhead (5-10%). Material rates include transportation costs if sourced from over 8km away. Labor rates vary by location. Rate analysis is used to determine current local rates, evaluate contractor bids, plan projects, and set labor contract rates. It calculates costs based on specifications, quantities, locations, and contractor expenses. Overhead includes office costs, rents, taxes, and supervision not directly related to the job. The document provides labor quantities for various construction tasks and sample rate calculations for concrete mixes.
E-tendering
E-tendering is an online process for conducting the entire tendering cycle, including price bid submission, to leverage the efficiency, economy, and speed of the internet. The key modules of the e-tendering cycle include tender notice creation, promotion, document distribution, bid submission, payment processing, evaluation, negotiation, and award. Benefits of e-tendering for tendering authorities include complete automation, shorter procurement cycles, cost savings, increased transparency, and improved reporting. Suppliers also benefit from anytime/anywhere bidding access with no physical barriers or costs. E-tendering systems are more efficient and secure than manual tendering systems.
Dense Bituminous macadam
Dense Bituminous Macadam (DBM) is a binder course used for roads with more number of heavy commercial vehicles and a close-graded premix material having a voids content of 5-10 per cent.
DCC3113 DETERMINATION OF AGGREGATE IMPACT VALUE.
This document summarizes a laboratory report on determining the aggregate impact value of samples according to Malaysian Public Works Department (JKR) standards. The experiment involved subjecting aggregate samples to impact blows using a test machine and sieve. The percentage of fines passing through a 2.36mm sieve was calculated to determine the aggregate impact value. Sample 1 had a 17% impact value and Sample 2 was 15%, both below the JKR requirement of 20%, indicating the aggregates have medium toughness and resistance to crushing. The results show the aggregates met the JKR specifications and the experiment was successfully conducted.
Roller - Compacted Concrete (RCC)
Roller-compacted concrete (RCC) is a concrete that is mixed in a pugmill and placed with dump trucks and spread with bulldozers. It is compacted in lifts of 100-250mm thick using vibratory steel drum rollers. RCC does not require internal vibration and can be used for port, rail, highway, and industrial facilities. Some advantages are reduced cement, no formwork, and ability to maintain traffic flow during placement. Limitations include a rougher surface and difficulty compacting near edges.
MASS CONCRETE
This presentation discusses temperature control in mass concrete structures. It defines mass concrete as any concrete with dimensions too large to prevent cracking from the heat generated during curing. Temperature control is necessary to limit cracking from uneven thermal expansion. Methods of temperature control include using low heat materials, pre-cooling the concrete, post-cooling with pipes, and insulating surfaces to reduce temperature differentials. The presentation covers the specific techniques involved in each method to effectively control temperatures in mass concrete projects.
Recommended
3 setting time of cement
1) The document describes a test to determine the initial and final setting times of cement by using a Vicat apparatus. A cement paste sample is prepared and penetration is measured over time using needles to identify when the paste reaches initial and final set points.
2) The initial setting time is the time when the needle penetration is 5mm or higher. The final setting time is identified visually when the needle leaves an impression but the cutting edge fails to penetrate.
3) Specifications require a minimum initial setting time of 45 minutes and maximum final setting time of 10 hours or 375 minutes depending on the standard used. The test determines if the cement meets these specifications.
Rate analysis and costing - Estimation, Costing and Valuation Engineering
Standard Data – Observed Data – Schedule of rates – Market rates – Standard Data for Man Hours and Machineries for common civil works – Rate Analysis for all Building works, canals, and Roads– Cost Estimates
EQS - RATE ANALYSIS.pdf
Rate analysis determines the cost per unit of a construction item. It includes costs of materials, labor, contractor profit (10-15%), and overhead (5-10%). Material rates include transportation costs if sourced from over 8km away. Labor rates vary by location. Rate analysis is used to determine current local rates, evaluate contractor bids, plan projects, and set labor contract rates. It calculates costs based on specifications, quantities, locations, and contractor expenses. Overhead includes office costs, rents, taxes, and supervision not directly related to the job. The document provides labor quantities for various construction tasks and sample rate calculations for concrete mixes.
E-tendering
E-tendering is an online process for conducting the entire tendering cycle, including price bid submission, to leverage the efficiency, economy, and speed of the internet. The key modules of the e-tendering cycle include tender notice creation, promotion, document distribution, bid submission, payment processing, evaluation, negotiation, and award. Benefits of e-tendering for tendering authorities include complete automation, shorter procurement cycles, cost savings, increased transparency, and improved reporting. Suppliers also benefit from anytime/anywhere bidding access with no physical barriers or costs. E-tendering systems are more efficient and secure than manual tendering systems.
Dense Bituminous macadam
Dense Bituminous Macadam (DBM) is a binder course used for roads with more number of heavy commercial vehicles and a close-graded premix material having a voids content of 5-10 per cent.
DCC3113 DETERMINATION OF AGGREGATE IMPACT VALUE.
This document summarizes a laboratory report on determining the aggregate impact value of samples according to Malaysian Public Works Department (JKR) standards. The experiment involved subjecting aggregate samples to impact blows using a test machine and sieve. The percentage of fines passing through a 2.36mm sieve was calculated to determine the aggregate impact value. Sample 1 had a 17% impact value and Sample 2 was 15%, both below the JKR requirement of 20%, indicating the aggregates have medium toughness and resistance to crushing. The results show the aggregates met the JKR specifications and the experiment was successfully conducted.
Roller - Compacted Concrete (RCC)
Roller-compacted concrete (RCC) is a concrete that is mixed in a pugmill and placed with dump trucks and spread with bulldozers. It is compacted in lifts of 100-250mm thick using vibratory steel drum rollers. RCC does not require internal vibration and can be used for port, rail, highway, and industrial facilities. Some advantages are reduced cement, no formwork, and ability to maintain traffic flow during placement. Limitations include a rougher surface and difficulty compacting near edges.
MASS CONCRETE
This presentation discusses temperature control in mass concrete structures. It defines mass concrete as any concrete with dimensions too large to prevent cracking from the heat generated during curing. Temperature control is necessary to limit cracking from uneven thermal expansion. Methods of temperature control include using low heat materials, pre-cooling the concrete, post-cooling with pipes, and insulating surfaces to reduce temperature differentials. The presentation covers the specific techniques involved in each method to effectively control temperatures in mass concrete projects.
Cube test for compressive strength of concrete
The document provides procedures for testing the compressive strength of hardened concrete cubes according to British standards. Key steps include:
- Curing concrete cubes in a water tank at 20°C for at least 24 hours before testing.
- Determining the density of cubes through water displacement and calculating density based on the cube's mass and volume.
- Crushing cubes in a compression testing machine at a rate of 2-4 kg/cm2/second and calculating compressive strength as the crushing load divided by the cube's surface area.
- Calculating the standard deviation of compressive strengths to ensure it is less than 15% for valid results.
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This document provides a project report on the concrete mix design for grade M-35 concrete. It includes an introduction to concrete mix design objectives and considerations. It then describes the Indian Standard method for mix design in six steps: 1) selecting target compressive strength, 2) selecting water-cement ratio, 3) estimating air content, 4) selecting water content and fine-coarse aggregate ratio, 5) calculating cement content, and 6) calculating aggregate content. The report also includes test results for materials and mixes.
45010341 planning-estimate
The document provides details of materials needed for various construction works including siteworks, concrete works, formworks, masonry works, and carpentry works. It lists quantities of materials like cement, sand, gravel, and steel bars required for activities like excavation, concrete mixing for footings and columns, and masonry works for walls. The document also provides dimensions and areas for structures being constructed.
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Compaction of concrete
This document discusses properties of concrete and compaction methods. It covers the importance of compacting concrete to remove air voids and increase strength. Methods of compaction include manual techniques like rodding and tamping as well as mechanical vibration using internal and external vibrators. Improper vibration can lead to defects like honeycombing or segregation. Newer techniques like self-compacting concrete use superplasticizers to reduce the need for external vibration during pouring and placement.
Quality control of concrete
This document discusses quality control of concrete through various tests on fresh and hardened concrete. It begins with an introduction to concrete and quality, then discusses where quality control begins in the production of materials and continues through handling, batching, mixing, transporting and placing concrete. Key tests on fresh concrete include slump and compacting factor tests, while tests on hardened concrete include compression, tensile strength, and flexural strength tests to evaluate the quality and strength of the concrete. The document also reviews materials used in concrete such as cement, water, aggregates, and admixtures.
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Prestressed concrete has several advantages over reinforced concrete including being more crack-resistant, durable, and requiring smaller cross-sectional areas, allowing for longer spans and easier transport. However, it also has some disadvantages such as requiring specialized equipment, advanced technical knowledge, and skilled labor for construction, as well as more expensive prestressing reinforcement bars.
High density concrete, high strength concrete and high performance concrete.
The document discusses high density concrete, its components, types of aggregates used, admixtures, applications, advantages and disadvantages. High density concrete has a density over 2600 kg/m3 and offers greater strength than regular concrete. Its main components are cement, water, aggregates and admixtures. Natural aggregates come from iron ores while man-made aggregates include iron shots, chilcon and synthetic aggregates. Admixtures like water reducers are used to increase workability and reduce cement and water requirements. High density concrete has applications in radiation shielding, precast blocks, bridges and more due to its high strength and durability.
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This document discusses placing and compaction of concrete. Placing involves depositing fresh concrete in its final position without dropping from height or piling to avoid segregation. Foundations require trenches be excavated and beds prepared before concrete is placed using chutes or tremie pipes for deep placements. Compaction removes air bubbles and improves packing using hand tools, internal vibrators like poker vibrators inserted in concrete, or external vibrators applying surface vibration. Proper placing and compaction results in dense, strong concrete.
2. testing of cement ppt
The document describes 7 different tests conducted on cement:
1. Field testing examines the cement's appearance, texture, and behavior when mixed with water.
2. The standard consistency test determines the percentage of water needed to achieve a standardized consistency for cement paste.
3. The fineness test evaluates the particle size distribution of cement, with finer particles offering a greater surface area for hydration.
4. The soundness test ensures cement does not expand after setting, which could indicate excess lime causing unsoundness.
5. The strength test measures the compressive strength of cement mortar mixtures at various ages (3, 7, 28 days).
6. The heat of hydration test examines the heat released
SLUMP TEST AND VEE-BEE TEST
The document discusses two tests used to measure the workability of concrete: the slump test and VEBE test. The slump test measures how much a sample of freshly mixed concrete sags or "slumps" due to gravity. The VEBE test also measures workability but uses vibration and timing to determine how long it takes for the sample to be remolded by the vibration. Both tests are affected by the amount of water in the concrete mix, with too much or too little water impacting the workability. The slump test is commonly used in the field while the VEBE test is better for dry mixes but less practical for field use.
Testing of hardened concrete
1. The document discusses various destructive and non-destructive testing methods for measuring the properties of hardened concrete. 2. Destructive tests include cube tests to determine compressive strength and split-cylinder or flexural tests to determine tensile strength. 3. Non-destructive tests discussed are rebound hammer testing, ultrasonic pulse velocity testing, penetration resistance testing, pull-out testing, and using a profometer.
Self compacting concrete
Here, I attach a PowerPoint presentation created by me for a competition held by UltraTech. Have a look at this and feel free to share your views with me.
Self compacting concrete (scc)
Self-compacting concrete was developed in Japan in the 1980s to solve problems with inadequate compaction of traditional concrete. It uses a high paste content and superplasticizers to create a concrete that can flow and consolidate under its own weight without vibration. Tests were developed to evaluate properties like filling ability, passing ability, and segregation resistance. Self-compacting concrete provides benefits like easier placement, faster construction, better surface finish, and improved durability. However, it also has higher costs associated with materials and mix design development.
Rates Analysis For Calculating Material and Labour for building works
The document discusses the analysis of rates for construction items. It provides materials costs, labor costs, and calculations to determine the total rate per unit of different construction works. For example, it calculates that the rate of excavation work is Rs. 9857 per cubic meter based on labor and materials. It also provides an example of determining the materials required for a 10 square meter conglomerate floor with two layers of concrete.
Mode of measurement, rules for deduction of plastering & brickwork
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Dewatering is the process of removing water from construction sites to allow excavation work to be done safely and efficiently below the water table. There are several reasons why dewatering is needed, including providing a dry work area, improving stability, and increasing safety. Common dewatering techniques include sump pumping, well points, deep wells, and trenches. Each method has advantages and disadvantages depending on the site conditions and depth of water lowering required. Proper planning and design of a dewatering system is important to effectively control groundwater and allow construction work to progress smoothly.
Analysis of rates for labour and material
The capacity of doing work by an artisan or skilled labour in the form of quantity of work per day is known as the task work or out turn of the labour.
The out-turn of work per artisan varies to some extent according to the nature, size, height, situation, location, etc., In bigger cities where specialized and experienced labour is available the out-turn is greater than small towns and country sides. In well organized work less labour is required.
Effect of temp. ppt Amit Payal
This document summarizes the effects of temperature on fresh and hardened concrete. It discusses how both high and low temperatures can impact concrete strength and cracking. For high temperatures, it recommends precautions like cooling materials, using retarders, and protecting from moisture loss. For low temperatures, it advises heating materials and protecting concrete to prevent freezing, which can stop hydration and cause cracking. Proper planning, curing, and temperature control of ingredients are essential to account for temperature effects on concrete properties and performance.
Grouting
1. Grouting is a process of injecting fluid materials like cement into subsurface soils or rocks to fill pores and fissures.
2. There are different types of grouting materials and methods depending on the permeability and structure of the soil or rock.
3. Grouting is used for ground improvement on construction projects, fixing anchors, repairing defects, and other applications.
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As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
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represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
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Cube test for compressive strength of concrete
The document provides procedures for testing the compressive strength of hardened concrete cubes according to British standards. Key steps include:
- Curing concrete cubes in a water tank at 20°C for at least 24 hours before testing.
- Determining the density of cubes through water displacement and calculating density based on the cube's mass and volume.
- Crushing cubes in a compression testing machine at a rate of 2-4 kg/cm2/second and calculating compressive strength as the crushing load divided by the cube's surface area.
- Calculating the standard deviation of compressive strengths to ensure it is less than 15% for valid results.
Project Report on Concrete Mix Design of Grade M35
This document provides a project report on the concrete mix design for grade M-35 concrete. It includes an introduction to concrete mix design objectives and considerations. It then describes the Indian Standard method for mix design in six steps: 1) selecting target compressive strength, 2) selecting water-cement ratio, 3) estimating air content, 4) selecting water content and fine-coarse aggregate ratio, 5) calculating cement content, and 6) calculating aggregate content. The report also includes test results for materials and mixes.
45010341 planning-estimate
The document provides details of materials needed for various construction works including siteworks, concrete works, formworks, masonry works, and carpentry works. It lists quantities of materials like cement, sand, gravel, and steel bars required for activities like excavation, concrete mixing for footings and columns, and masonry works for walls. The document also provides dimensions and areas for structures being constructed.
THUMB RULE FOR CIVIL WORKS LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY
The document provides thumb rules for estimating the daily productivity of labor for various civil construction works. It lists estimates for number of laborers and their daily outputs for activities like bar bending, formwork fixing and making, concreting, block work, plastering, excavation, MS works, waterproofing, plumbing, electrical works, tiling, granite and marble works. For each activity, it specifies the typical number of laborers, tradespeople, and their estimated daily production quantities based on experience in civil construction projects.
Compaction of concrete
This document discusses properties of concrete and compaction methods. It covers the importance of compacting concrete to remove air voids and increase strength. Methods of compaction include manual techniques like rodding and tamping as well as mechanical vibration using internal and external vibrators. Improper vibration can lead to defects like honeycombing or segregation. Newer techniques like self-compacting concrete use superplasticizers to reduce the need for external vibration during pouring and placement.
Quality control of concrete
This document discusses quality control of concrete through various tests on fresh and hardened concrete. It begins with an introduction to concrete and quality, then discusses where quality control begins in the production of materials and continues through handling, batching, mixing, transporting and placing concrete. Key tests on fresh concrete include slump and compacting factor tests, while tests on hardened concrete include compression, tensile strength, and flexural strength tests to evaluate the quality and strength of the concrete. The document also reviews materials used in concrete such as cement, water, aggregates, and admixtures.
Advantages and disadvantages of Prestressed concrete
Prestressed concrete has several advantages over reinforced concrete including being more crack-resistant, durable, and requiring smaller cross-sectional areas, allowing for longer spans and easier transport. However, it also has some disadvantages such as requiring specialized equipment, advanced technical knowledge, and skilled labor for construction, as well as more expensive prestressing reinforcement bars.
High density concrete, high strength concrete and high performance concrete.
The document discusses high density concrete, its components, types of aggregates used, admixtures, applications, advantages and disadvantages. High density concrete has a density over 2600 kg/m3 and offers greater strength than regular concrete. Its main components are cement, water, aggregates and admixtures. Natural aggregates come from iron ores while man-made aggregates include iron shots, chilcon and synthetic aggregates. Admixtures like water reducers are used to increase workability and reduce cement and water requirements. High density concrete has applications in radiation shielding, precast blocks, bridges and more due to its high strength and durability.
Placing and compaction of cement concrete
This document discusses placing and compaction of concrete. Placing involves depositing fresh concrete in its final position without dropping from height or piling to avoid segregation. Foundations require trenches be excavated and beds prepared before concrete is placed using chutes or tremie pipes for deep placements. Compaction removes air bubbles and improves packing using hand tools, internal vibrators like poker vibrators inserted in concrete, or external vibrators applying surface vibration. Proper placing and compaction results in dense, strong concrete.
2. testing of cement ppt
The document describes 7 different tests conducted on cement:
1. Field testing examines the cement's appearance, texture, and behavior when mixed with water.
2. The standard consistency test determines the percentage of water needed to achieve a standardized consistency for cement paste.
3. The fineness test evaluates the particle size distribution of cement, with finer particles offering a greater surface area for hydration.
4. The soundness test ensures cement does not expand after setting, which could indicate excess lime causing unsoundness.
5. The strength test measures the compressive strength of cement mortar mixtures at various ages (3, 7, 28 days).
6. The heat of hydration test examines the heat released
SLUMP TEST AND VEE-BEE TEST
The document discusses two tests used to measure the workability of concrete: the slump test and VEBE test. The slump test measures how much a sample of freshly mixed concrete sags or "slumps" due to gravity. The VEBE test also measures workability but uses vibration and timing to determine how long it takes for the sample to be remolded by the vibration. Both tests are affected by the amount of water in the concrete mix, with too much or too little water impacting the workability. The slump test is commonly used in the field while the VEBE test is better for dry mixes but less practical for field use.
Testing of hardened concrete
1. The document discusses various destructive and non-destructive testing methods for measuring the properties of hardened concrete. 2. Destructive tests include cube tests to determine compressive strength and split-cylinder or flexural tests to determine tensile strength. 3. Non-destructive tests discussed are rebound hammer testing, ultrasonic pulse velocity testing, penetration resistance testing, pull-out testing, and using a profometer.
Self compacting concrete
Here, I attach a PowerPoint presentation created by me for a competition held by UltraTech. Have a look at this and feel free to share your views with me.
Self compacting concrete (scc)
Self-compacting concrete was developed in Japan in the 1980s to solve problems with inadequate compaction of traditional concrete. It uses a high paste content and superplasticizers to create a concrete that can flow and consolidate under its own weight without vibration. Tests were developed to evaluate properties like filling ability, passing ability, and segregation resistance. Self-compacting concrete provides benefits like easier placement, faster construction, better surface finish, and improved durability. However, it also has higher costs associated with materials and mix design development.
Rates Analysis For Calculating Material and Labour for building works
The document discusses the analysis of rates for construction items. It provides materials costs, labor costs, and calculations to determine the total rate per unit of different construction works. For example, it calculates that the rate of excavation work is Rs. 9857 per cubic meter based on labor and materials. It also provides an example of determining the materials required for a 10 square meter conglomerate floor with two layers of concrete.
Mode of measurement, rules for deduction of plastering & brickwork
Mode of measurement, rules for deduction of plastering, rules for deduction of brickwork, Measurement of work as per IS 1200
Dewatering techniques
Dewatering is the process of removing water from construction sites to allow excavation work to be done safely and efficiently below the water table. There are several reasons why dewatering is needed, including providing a dry work area, improving stability, and increasing safety. Common dewatering techniques include sump pumping, well points, deep wells, and trenches. Each method has advantages and disadvantages depending on the site conditions and depth of water lowering required. Proper planning and design of a dewatering system is important to effectively control groundwater and allow construction work to progress smoothly.
Analysis of rates for labour and material
The capacity of doing work by an artisan or skilled labour in the form of quantity of work per day is known as the task work or out turn of the labour.
The out-turn of work per artisan varies to some extent according to the nature, size, height, situation, location, etc., In bigger cities where specialized and experienced labour is available the out-turn is greater than small towns and country sides. In well organized work less labour is required.
Effect of temp. ppt Amit Payal
This document summarizes the effects of temperature on fresh and hardened concrete. It discusses how both high and low temperatures can impact concrete strength and cracking. For high temperatures, it recommends precautions like cooling materials, using retarders, and protecting from moisture loss. For low temperatures, it advises heating materials and protecting concrete to prevent freezing, which can stop hydration and cause cracking. Proper planning, curing, and temperature control of ingredients are essential to account for temperature effects on concrete properties and performance.
Grouting
1. Grouting is a process of injecting fluid materials like cement into subsurface soils or rocks to fill pores and fissures.
2. There are different types of grouting materials and methods depending on the permeability and structure of the soil or rock.
3. Grouting is used for ground improvement on construction projects, fixing anchors, repairing defects, and other applications.
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Project Report on Concrete Mix Design of Grade M35
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High density concrete, high strength concrete and high performance concrete.
Rates Analysis For Calculating Material and Labour for building works
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Mode of measurement, rules for deduction of plastering & brickwork
Mode of measurement, rules for deduction of plastering & brickwork
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As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
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- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
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Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
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原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(uoft毕业证书)加拿大多伦多大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(uoft毕业证书)加拿大多伦多大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(uoft毕业证书)加拿大多伦多大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(uoft毕业证书)加拿大多伦多大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(uoft毕业证书)加拿大多伦多大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
Open Channel Flow: fluid flow with a free surface
Open Channel Flow: This topic focuses on fluid flow with a free surface, such as in rivers, canals, and drainage ditches. Key concepts include the classification of flow types (steady vs. unsteady, uniform vs. non-uniform), hydraulic radius, flow resistance, Manning's equation, critical flow conditions, and energy and momentum principles. It also covers flow measurement techniques, gradually varied flow analysis, and the design of open channels. Understanding these principles is vital for effective water resource management and engineering applications.
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdf
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
一比一原版(USF毕业证)旧金山大学毕业证如何办理
原件一模一样【微信：95270640】【旧金山大学毕业证USF学位证成绩单】【微信：95270640】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：95270640】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：95270640】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份【微信：95270640】
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
办理旧金山大学毕业证毕业证学位证USF学位证【微信：95270640 】外观非常精致，由特殊纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理旧金山大学毕业证USF学位证毕业证学位证【微信：95270640 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理旧金山大学毕业证毕业证学位证USF学位证【微信：95270640 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理旧金山大学毕业证毕业证学位证USF学位证【微信：95270640 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
Blood finder application project report (1).pdf
Blood Finder is an emergency time app where a user can search for the blood banks as
well as the registered blood donors around Mumbai. This application also provide an
opportunity for the user of this application to become a registered donor for this user have
to enroll for the donor request from the application itself. If the admin wish to make user
a registered donor, with some of the formalities with the organization it can be done.
Specialization of this application is that the user will not have to register on sign-in for
searching the blood banks and blood donors it can be just done by installing the
application to the mobile.
The purpose of making this application is to save the user’s time for searching blood of
needed blood group during the time of the emergency.
This is an android application developed in Java and XML with the connectivity of
SQLite database. This application will provide most of basic functionality required for an
emergency time application. All the details of Blood banks and Blood donors are stored
in the database i.e. SQLite.
This application allowed the user to get all the information regarding blood banks and
blood donors such as Name, Number, Address, Blood Group, rather than searching it on
the different websites and wasting the precious time. This application is effective and
user friendly.
Call For Paper -3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Advan...
* Registration is currently open *
Call for Research Papers!!!
Free – Extended Paper will be published as free of cost.
3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Advances (AIAD 2024)
July 13 ~ 14, 2024, Virtual Conference
Webpage URL: https://aiad2024.org/index
Submission Deadline: June 22, 2024
Submission System URL:
https://aiad2024.org/submission/index.php
Contact Us:
Here's where you can reach us : aiad@aiad2024.org (or) aiadconference@yahoo.com
WikiCFP URL: http://wikicfp.com/cfp/servlet/event.showcfp?eventid=180509©ownerid=171656
#artificialintelligence #softcomputing #machinelearning #technology #datascience #python #deeplearning #tech #robotics #innovation #bigdata #coding #iot #computerscience #data #dataanalytics #engineering #robot #datascientist #software #automation #analytics #ml #pythonprogramming #programmer #digitaltransformation #developer #promptengineering #generativeai #genai #chatgpt #artificial #intelligence #datamining #networkscommunications #robotics #callforsubmission #submissionsopen #deadline #opencall #virtual #conference
LLM Fine Tuning with QLoRA Cassandra Lunch 4, presented by Anant
Slides for the 4th Presentation on LLM Fine-Tuning with QLoRA Presented by Anant, featuring DataStax Astra
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
原版制作(Humboldt毕业证书)柏林大学毕业证学位证一模一样
原件一模一样【微信：bwp0011】《(Humboldt毕业证书)柏林大学毕业证学位证》【微信：bwp0011】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问微bwp0011
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【微bwp0011】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【微bwp0011】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Generative AI Use cases applications solutions and implementation.pdf
Generative AI solutions encompass a range of capabilities from content creation to complex problem-solving across industries. Implementing generative AI involves identifying specific business needs, developing tailored AI models using techniques like GANs and VAEs, and integrating these models into existing workflows. Data quality and continuous model refinement are crucial for effective implementation. Businesses must also consider ethical implications and ensure transparency in AI decision-making. Generative AI's implementation aims to enhance efficiency, creativity, and innovation by leveraging autonomous generation and sophisticated learning algorithms to meet diverse business challenges.
https://www.leewayhertz.com/generative-ai-use-cases-and-applications/
Mechanical Engineering on AAI Summer Training Report-003.pdf
Mechanical Engineering PROJECT REPORT ON SUMMER VOCATIONAL TRAINING
AT MBB AIRPORT
Digital Twins Computer Networking Paper Presentation.pptx
A Digital Twin in computer networking is a virtual representation of a physical network, used to simulate, analyze, and optimize network performance and reliability. It leverages real-time data to enhance network management, predict issues, and improve decision-making processes.
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Common thumb rules for civil engineering works
- 1. THUMB RULES
- 2. THUMB RULE OF CONCRETE MATERIAL REQUIREMENT
- 3. Thumb rule to calculate the Steel quantity required for Slab, Beams, Footings & Columns: For Residential buildings - 4.5Kgs - 4.75 Kgs /SFT For Commercial buildings - 5.0Kgs - 5.50 Kgs/SFT
- 4. Calculation of quantities of cement, sand and aggregate in 1㎥of concrete 8 bags of cement required for 1 cu.m of M-20 grade. concrete. 693 kg of Sand required for 1 cu.m of M-20 grade concrete. 1344 kg of 20mm Aggregate is required for 1 cu.m of M- 20 grade concrete. 180 litres of water is required for 1 cu.m of M-20 grade concrete. Example taken for M-20 (1:1.5:3) grade of concrete:
- 5. THUMB RULE FOR BRICK WORK Size of brick : 190mm x 90mm x 90mm Number of bricks per cum : 500
- 6. THUMB RULE FOR PLASTERING WORK Rs. 350 only