This document discusses common diseases and pests that affect cucurbit, solanaceous, and other crops. It provides details on the symptoms, pathogens, and environmental conditions of bacterial fruit blotch, Phytophthora blight, Fusarium wilt, anthracnose, powdery mildew, downy mildew, gummy stem blight, bacterial wilt, late blight, early blight and viruses. It also discusses common pests like aphids, thrips, whiteflies, caterpillars, mites, and leaf miners that can transmit diseases. The document emphasizes the importance of identifying pathogens and pests based on their symptoms in order to select appropriate management strategies

1. Common Diseases and Pests
Management Introduction
By
Dr. Nikhil Ambish Mehta (Ph.D)
Research Officer & Admin
Punjab State Farmers and Farm Workers Commission
Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission

2. Medium Culture : Soil Less culture
• Hydroponics
• Run to waste (drain to waste)
• Recycled Nutrient Solution
2
Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission

3. Hydroponic farm at Village
Kamiada Fardikot
3
In Year 2019, Root rot, Virus, Blights and flower drop, Pollination
Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission

4. Common Pathogens for Cucurtbits
• Bacteria Fruit Blotch (BFB)
• Phytophthora blight
• Fusarium Wilt
• Anthracnose
• Gummy Stem Blight
• Powdery Mildew
• Downy Mildew
• Virus
Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission

5. Character and Symptom of BFB
• Bacterial Fruit Blotch
• Seed-borned
pathogen
• Water-soaked lesions
• Olive-green stain
• Brown or darker
lesions with sticky
surface
extension.udel.ed
u
Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission

6. Phytophthora blight
• Optimal temp. 20-25℃,
high humidity
• Attack juvenile tissues
often
• Water- soaked, dark-green,
soft rot
• Brown, dry tissue
• White cottony growth
Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission

7. Fusarium wilt
• Soilborned &
Seedborned
• Damping-off (Seedling)
• Yellowing and then
necrosis
• Wilt from older leaves
to younger folage
• Discoloration of
vascular system (xylem)
• No chemicals available extension.entm.purdue.edu
aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu
Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission

8. Anthracnose
• Optimal temp. 20-
30 ℃
• Brown lesions on
leaf
• Pink (salmon-
colored) spores
(conidia)
• Canker on fruit
• Found on Pepper
as well
Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission

9. Downy Mildew
• 15-22 ℃, high
humidity
• Water-soaked lesions
limited by veins on
cucumber and
squash leaves
• Light green, chlorotic,
necrotic
• Spread rapidly
Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission

10. Powdery Mildew
• Optimal temp. 20-
28℃
• Develop on crown
leaves, shaded lower
leaves, and on leaf
undersurfaces
Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission

11. Gummy Stem Blight
• Seed-borned
pathogen
• Water-soaked area
with yellow halos and
later V-shaped yellow-
brown necrotic lesions
on leaves
• Brown- Black cankers
on stems
Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission

12. Common Pathogen for Solanaceae
• Bacterial wilt
• Late blight
• Early blight
• Anthracnose
• Powdery Mildew
• Virus
• Nematodes
Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission

13. Bacterial Wilt
• Scientific Name:
Ralstonia
solanacearum
• Wilt a few leaves at
first
• Wilt and decline, but
not yellowing
• Brownish discoloration
on vascular system
• No chemicals available
www.cals.ncsu.edu
Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission

14. Late Blight
• Scientific Name:
Phytophthora infestans
• Cool temps (16-22℃)and
high humidity
• Water- soaked or chlorotic
lesions on leaves
• Water- soaked lesions on
stems
• Dark brown, firm lesions
on fruits
• Spread rapidly
Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission

15. Early Blight
• Scientific Name: Alternaria
solani
• Round leaf spot with
target-like appearance
• Similar symptoms on
stems and fruits
Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission

16. Virus
• Green and light green spots
on younger leaves or fruits
• Deform leaves
• Light-green, yellow leaves
• Shorten Internode,Dwarf
plant
• Some virus wide host range
• Transmitted by insects
• Mechanical transmit
Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission

17. Common Pathogen for Solanaceae
• Aphid
• Thrips
• White Fly
• Catepillars
• Mites
• Leaf Miners
• Nematodes
Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission

18. Aphids
•Transmitted
Virus, such as
CMV, YMV
•Suck Cell sap
•Curling of Leaf
Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission

19. Thrips
• Check plants tip first, also
check flowers
• Transmit virus such as
TSWV
• Small yellow black insect
• Upward curling of leaf
• Spread viruses
• Wide range of Hosts
Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission

20. Whitefly
• Small white colour flies
• Transmit viruses
• Suck cell saps
• Downward curling of
leaf
• Many Host Plants
• Wind blown
• Insect Cycle 1 week
www.dpvweb.net/intro
Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission

21. Caterpillars
• Larvae of Lepidoptera
(moth or butterfly)
• Semilooper, Spodoptera
• Eat leaf and fruits
• Different larval stages
• Egg masses
• Holes in the leaf
Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission

22. Mites
• White to gray spots
on the leaves
• Eggs on back of
leaves
• Red Spider mites
• Yellow two spotted
• Brood Mites
Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission

23. Leaf Miner
• Larva lives in and
eats the tissue of
leaf
www.ces.ncsu.edu
Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission

24. Nematodes Symptoms
•Nodules in the roots
•Stunted Growth
Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission

25. Chemical Injury
• Wrong Chemical Concentration
• Long-term herbicide
• Wrong weather condition (High
temp.; Strong sunlight; Strong
wind etc.)
• For seedlings, use lower
concentration (original 1000X;
seedlings 1500-2000X)
Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission

26. Herbicide toxicity
Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission

27. 27
Contact number- 7508018998
Email- dr.nikhil.hdo@gmail.com
Thank you! Questions?
Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission