The document discusses commercial data processing and describes the typical data processing cycle which includes data collection and preparation, data input, data processing and storage, and data output. It provides examples of source documents and different methods for data input including direct data input, validation, verification, and character recognition. It also discusses data processing and storage in files, records, and fields as well as different processing methods. The document then covers data output formats and some common jobs in data processing. It concludes by discussing online shopping, banking, ATMs, and EFTPOS including their advantages and disadvantages.

1. Commercial Data Processing =D R B 4 A 1

2. T he d a t a p r o c e s s i n g c y c l e Data Collection and Preparation Data Input Data processing and storage Data output

3. D a t a C o l l e c t i o n a n d P r e p a r a t i o n If data printed or written down on paper, that paper is called a Source Document Source documents need to be laid out clearly to avoid mistakes

4. Examples of Source Documents Mail- order return slips Application forms

5. Input: Direct Data Input Inputting data directly means that fewer mistakes are made. Bar codes Mark sense cards Magnetic stripe Smart Card

6. Input: Making sure data is correct Validation: Check Digits Field checks Range checks Verification: Entering data twice

7. Input: Character Recognition Character Recognition is used when documents also have to be read by humans Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR) Optical Character Recognition (OCR)

8. Data Processing and Storage A file is an organised collection of data arranged according to a particular structure The units of data which make up a file are called records Each record contains a number of separate items of data called fields

9. Data processing and Storage Interactive Processing- data is processed as the transaction is entered Batch processing –a large number of transactions are dealt with in one operation Sequential Access – Data stored on tape Random Access – Data stored on disk

10. Data Output Paper Screen File

11. Jobs Systems Analyst Programmer Engineer Network manager

12. Crime Fraud Hacking Viruses, Worms, Trojans, Spyware Denial of Service Attack

13. On-line Shopping -Advantages Advantages to customer: Convenient No travel needed Can compare prices Advantages to company: Lower costs Open 24 hours a day

14. On-line Shopping (Disadvantages) Fraud Delivery problems Returning goods

15. On-line Banking Transfer money Pay bills or standing orders Check statement Advantages for banks: Always open No building needed

16. Disadvantages of On-line Banking Phishing (Obtaining user passwords and bank details by fraud) Loss of personal contact

17. Automatic Teller Machine (ATM) Terminal reads data from card. Customer enters PIN number and transaction details. Data is encrypted and sent to main office over a dedicated telephone line. Account and PIN number are checked, then balance is checked. Authorisation is sent to terminal. Terminal issues cash and returns card. Confirmation sent from ATM to main office Account has transaction

18. EFTPOS Electronic Funds Transfer at Point of Sale (1) The bar code on the product is scanned The product code is sent to the till The file of product records on backing storage is searched for a product record which matches the code The price and name of the item are printed on the receipt The number of items in the stock record is reduced by one

19. EFTPOS Electronic Funds Transfer at Point of Sale (2) Total of purchases is calculated Terminal reads data from card. Terminal checks for stolen cards. Terminal checks amount on bill against floor limit. If amount spent is over limit, terminal dials customer's bank for authorisation. Details of purchase and customers bank account are stored on hard disk. Receipt is printed. Every night, bank is dialled up and information about the days transactions are transferred for batch processing.

20. Benefits of EFTPOS less paperwork quicker than cheques smaller queues less cash in store itemised bank statements