The document summarizes pivotal moments in the early evolution of the internet from 1970-1979, including the invention of the Intel 4004 microprocessor in 1971, the development of email by Ray Tomlinson in 1971, the demonstration of ARPANET and packet switching in 1972, the creation of Ethernet in 1973 which allowed PCs to communicate, and the formation of Microsoft by Bill Gates in 1975 which revolutionized communication tools.
History of the creation and evolution of Scan Commerce from the inception of standard product codes (UPC's) to the transformation of machine-readable codes into quick links or "Scan Commerce" and "Scan Connect" via the internet. Discover the evolution of the codes used to the patent portfolio which enabled this type of transaction/function to occur. Often referred to as "Scan Commerce" "Scan Connect" and "eCommerce Connect" codes. From the beginnings of CRQ (See Our Cue - Q Code Platform) to the new custom-designed QR Codes and mod scan codes. #ScanCommerce #ScanConnect #eCommerceConnect
Did you know that the term "Computer" once meant a profession? And what did people or computers actually do? They computed mathematical problems. Some problems were tedious and error prone. And it is not surprising that people started to develop machines to aid in the effort. The first mechanical computers were actually created to get rid of errors in human computation. Then came tabulating machines and cash registers. It was not until telephone companies were well established that computing machines became practical.
First computers were huge mainframes, but soon minicomputers like DEC’s PDP started to appear. The transistor was introduced in 1947, but its usefulness was not truly realized until in 1958 when the integrated circuit was invented. This led to the invention of the microprocessor. Intel, in 1971, marketed the 4004 – and the personal computer revolution started. One of the first Personal Computers was MITS’ Altair. This was a simple device and soon others saw the opportunities.
In this lecture we start our coverage of computing and look at some of the early machines and the impact they had.
The Internet grew out of US efforts to build the ARPANET, a network of peer computers built during the cold war. The two major players were military and academia. The network was simple and required no efforts for security or social responsibility. The early Internet community was mainly highly educated and respectable scientist. In the early 1990s the World Wide Web, a hypertext system is introduced, and soon browsers start to appear, leading the commercialization of Net. New businesses emerge and a technology boom known as the dot-com era.
The network, now over 40, is being stretched. Problems such as spam, viruses, antisocial behaviour, and demands for more content are prompting reinvention of the Net and threatening its neutrality. Add to this government efforts to regulate and limit the network.
In this lecture we look at the Internet and the impact of the network. We will also look at the future of the Internet.
The Internet grew out of US efforts to build the ARPANET, a network of peer computers built during the cold war. The two major players were military and academia. The network was simple and required no efforts for security or social responsibility. The early Internet community was mainly highly educated and respectable scientist. In the early 1990s the World Wide Web, a hypertext system is introduced, and soon browsers start to appear, leading the commercialization of Net. New businesses emerge and a technology boom known as the dot-com era.
The network, now over 40, is being stretched. Problems such as spam, viruses, antisocial behaviour, and demands for more content are prompting reinvention of the Net and threatening its neutrality. Add to this government efforts to regulate and limit the network.
In this lecture we look at the Internet and the impact of the network. We will also look at the future of the Internet.
History of the creation and evolution of Scan Commerce from the inception of standard product codes (UPC's) to the transformation of machine-readable codes into quick links or "Scan Commerce" and "Scan Connect" via the internet. Discover the evolution of the codes used to the patent portfolio which enabled this type of transaction/function to occur. Often referred to as "Scan Commerce" "Scan Connect" and "eCommerce Connect" codes. From the beginnings of CRQ (See Our Cue - Q Code Platform) to the new custom-designed QR Codes and mod scan codes. #ScanCommerce #ScanConnect #eCommerceConnect
Did you know that the term "Computer" once meant a profession? And what did people or computers actually do? They computed mathematical problems. Some problems were tedious and error prone. And it is not surprising that people started to develop machines to aid in the effort. The first mechanical computers were actually created to get rid of errors in human computation. Then came tabulating machines and cash registers. It was not until telephone companies were well established that computing machines became practical.
First computers were huge mainframes, but soon minicomputers like DEC’s PDP started to appear. The transistor was introduced in 1947, but its usefulness was not truly realized until in 1958 when the integrated circuit was invented. This led to the invention of the microprocessor. Intel, in 1971, marketed the 4004 – and the personal computer revolution started. One of the first Personal Computers was MITS’ Altair. This was a simple device and soon others saw the opportunities.
In this lecture we start our coverage of computing and look at some of the early machines and the impact they had.
The Internet grew out of US efforts to build the ARPANET, a network of peer computers built during the cold war. The two major players were military and academia. The network was simple and required no efforts for security or social responsibility. The early Internet community was mainly highly educated and respectable scientist. In the early 1990s the World Wide Web, a hypertext system is introduced, and soon browsers start to appear, leading the commercialization of Net. New businesses emerge and a technology boom known as the dot-com era.
The network, now over 40, is being stretched. Problems such as spam, viruses, antisocial behaviour, and demands for more content are prompting reinvention of the Net and threatening its neutrality. Add to this government efforts to regulate and limit the network.
In this lecture we look at the Internet and the impact of the network. We will also look at the future of the Internet.
The Internet grew out of US efforts to build the ARPANET, a network of peer computers built during the cold war. The two major players were military and academia. The network was simple and required no efforts for security or social responsibility. The early Internet community was mainly highly educated and respectable scientist. In the early 1990s the World Wide Web, a hypertext system is introduced, and soon browsers start to appear, leading the commercialization of Net. New businesses emerge and a technology boom known as the dot-com era.
The network, now over 40, is being stretched. Problems such as spam, viruses, antisocial behaviour, and demands for more content are prompting reinvention of the Net and threatening its neutrality. Add to this government efforts to regulate and limit the network.
In this lecture we look at the Internet and the impact of the network. We will also look at the future of the Internet.
A seven day adventure trip in Venezuela's most beautiful nature spots. wild life close up encounter Interested please contact Edgar at edgarvas@gmail.com.
This is a description of the work I am doing at Grupo Boston for the Practicum course.
This work is part of the work a student has to perform in order to graduate at the Universiversidad Latinoamericana en Ciencia y Tecnología.
This is part of the work that has to be done for the Practicum course of the Teaching and Translation in English of the Universidad Latinoamericana en Ciencia y Tecnología.
Slide deck on the security aspects of using Open Source Software. Focused on the Apache HTTP Server project, this deck discusses general topics like what Open Source software is, what the prevailing myths surrounding it are and how the open development process works to ensure the result is secure.
THE EVOLUTION OF HUMANITY'S GREATEST INVENTION, THE COMPUTER, AND ITS FUTURE.pdfFaga1939
This article aims to present how the computer, humanity's greatest invention, evolved and how its most likely future will be. The computer is humanity's greatest invention because the worldwide computer network made possible the use of the Internet as the technology that most changed the world with the advent of the information society. IBM developed the mainframe computer starting in 1952. In the 1970s, the dominance of mainframes began to be challenged by the emergence of microprocessors. The innovations greatly facilitated the task of developing and manufacturing smaller computers - then called minicomputers. In 1976, the first microcomputers appeared whose costs represented only a fraction of those practiced by manufacturers of mainframes and minicomputers. The existence of the computer provided the conditions for the advent of the Internet which is undoubtedly one of the greatest inventions of the 20th century, whose development took place in 1965. At the beginning of the 21st century, cloud computing emerged, which symbolizes the tendency to place all the infrastructure and information available digitally on the Internet. Current computers are electronic because they are made up of transistors used in electronic chips that have limitations given that there will be a time when it will no longer be possible to reduce the size of one of the components of the processors, the transistor. Quantum computers have been shown to be the newest answer in Physics and Computing to problems related to the limited capacity of electronic computers. Canadian company D-Wave claims to have produced the first commercial quantum computer. In addition to the quantum computer, Artificial Intelligence (AI) can reinvent computers.
The web will never be the same! Each year the web feels like it hits critical mass and then it does it all over again. This session will dig into how to best engage with an ever changing web and how to connect with the new web. From responsive web design to changing our process.
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At any given moment it is easy to look back to see how technology has changed over time. At the same time it is difficult to see what transformations are taking place in current moment, and even more difficult to see where things are going.
We will explore what technology is. For us it may be the latest tech stuff we see, something new. But what about everyday objects that we take for granted. Are those not technologies also?
How does technology evolve and where did it come from? We look at some ideas on evolution of technology and how it is similar to biology in some ways. We will also look at the origin of the word technology. Finally we will define the term we will use in the course. Terms defined are technology, product performance, and innovation to name few.
The Origin and Evolution of the Internet and the www.Anvith KS
What is the Internet? (Origin, Important Milestones, Then and Now of Internet )
What is the WWW? (Origin , Differentiate Internet and Web, Important Milestones, Evolution of the Web: 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, Then and Now of the Web )
Convergence (Emergence of the smartphone, iPhone and then Android, Moving from the Web to the Smartphone (Android), Android Origin , Android Evolution, Android, Current Status)
At any given moment it is easy to look back to see how technology has changed over time. At the same time it is difficult to see what transformations are taking place in current moment, and even more difficult to see where things are going.
We will explore what technology is. For us it may be the latest tech stuff we see, something new. But what about everyday objects that we take for granted. Are those not technologies also?
How does technology evolve and where did it come from? We look at some ideas on evolution of technology and how it is similar to biology in some ways. We will also look at the origin of the word technology. Finally we will define the term we will use in the course. Terms defined are technology, product performance, and innovation to name few.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Delivering Micro-Credentials in Technical and Vocational Education and TrainingAG2 Design
Explore how micro-credentials are transforming Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) with this comprehensive slide deck. Discover what micro-credentials are, their importance in TVET, the advantages they offer, and the insights from industry experts. Additionally, learn about the top software applications available for creating and managing micro-credentials. This presentation also includes valuable resources and a discussion on the future of these specialised certifications.
For more detailed information on delivering micro-credentials in TVET, visit this https://tvettrainer.com/delivering-micro-credentials-in-tvet/
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
5. 1973: The Ethernet Turns PCs into communication tools by linking them together
6. 1975: Production of the Altair 8800 The Altair 8800 revolutionized the way we communicate
7. Bill Gates forms Microsoft: 1975 An Empire is Born “I'm a great believer that any tool that enhances communication has profound effects in terms of how people can learn from each other, and how they can achieve the kind of freedoms that they're interested in.” - Bill Gates
In 1971, Ted Hoff, an engineer at Intel, was given the task of making a few different calculators for a Japanese company. Hoff decided that instead of making several different integrated circuits, it would be a better idea to create one single chip that was capable of doing all the jobs, depending on the instructions it was given. During the development of this chip, Intel realized what they had in the grasp of their hands: a programmable, general-purpose computer with the power of machines, which in the 1960s, had taken up entire rooms. Intel then made a deal with the calculator company. Intel kept the rights to sell the chip, and released it publicly soon after. The Intel 4004 was extremely important to the evolution of the internet. The 4004, which packed 2,250 transistor switches into a chip the size of a small fingernail, began Intel’s transition into a processor-manufacturing giant. The latest Intel microprocessors aren’t much bigger than the 4004, but they contain around 300 million transistors, compared to the first model’s 2,250.Why the Intel 4400 is significant: The arrival of the Intel 4004 was the advent of the microcomputer, the revolution that would free computers from their huge, air-conditioned rooms; bringing them into our homes and offices, and even into our televisions and cars. The combination of memory and processor on a single chip reduces size and cost, and increases speed, continuing the evolution from vacuum tube to transistor to integrated circuit. The invention of the 4004 meant that programming intelligence into inanimate objects had now become possible.
Electronic mail had been sent through the Massachusetts’s Institute of Technology’s “Compatible Time-Sharing System” since around 1965. Ray Tomlinson’s vision was to enable users to send mail between computers that were not connected to a common network. By his own admission, it wasn’t a very tough job, taking him only six hours of spare time.Email is important to the evolution of the internet for apparent reasons. Email allows anyone in the world to have contact with others, as long as they have internet access. In today’s world, you can now email the president of the United States (president@whitehouse.gov) , or even the Pope, if you do so wish. If, for example, you were going to send an email to your cousin who lives in California, you would be sending a message to the server your computer is connected to. Your server then locates your cousin’s server, which finally finds your cousin and puts the message in his/her inbox. Why is the invention of email important? Email led to the dawning of an era of rapid communication. One of the reasons email has been such a big success is because it is a push technology. The person that sends the email writes it, then Post-Office-Protocol 3 and Simple Mail Transfer Protocol transmit it. All the recipient has to do is open his/her email program and click on the email to read it. Email requires minimum effort, which greatly supports its popularity. The use of email has greatly surpassed all other Internet applications since its creation 40 years ago.
If not for the threat of nuclear war, the Internet might not exist at all. The idea began towards the end of the 1960s, developed by the U.S. Department of Defense, as a Cold War project to create a communications network that was insusceptible to nuclear attack. Having been successfully established between the Stanford Research Institute and the University of California- Los Angeles in 1969, ARPANET was publicly demonstrated in 1972 at the first International Conference of Computer Communication (ICCC). ARPA key movers included Robert Taylor and Leonard Kleinrock, who worked hard to develop a communications network. The idea of packet switching came from Leonard Kleinrock. Packet switching has received widespread acceptance since its introduction in 1972. In packet-switching protocols, each packet, or block of data, contains the information it needs to reach its destination- the sender’s computer address (IP), recipients IP address, and so on. Each packet is transmitted individually and can follow different routes, depending on network availability. Thanks to packet-switching, public networks have been constructed in most developed countries and many developing countries.ARPANET and packet-switching are important in the evolution of the internet because they laid the groundwork for modern internet. If it weren’t for ARPANET, there may have been very little advance in the Internet. ARPANET heralded the arrival of the Internet age and packet-based, digital communications systems.
In 1973 at the Xerox PARC Labs in Silicon Valley, electrical engineer Robert Metcalf was looking at ways of connecting Xerox’s new computers to a new laser printer and began to consider the possibilities of Ethernet’s potential.An Ethernet network involves special cabling which information can be carried between machines, a unique address for each connected device, and a standard protocol for all devices to use. Once connected, data packets can be sent between any device (called a node). These data packets, called frames, must be written in the same protocol and include the address of the sender and the recipient. An advantage of Ethernet is that nodes can be added to and removed from the network without having to modify the existing devices. Today, Ethernet is one of the most common Local Area Network protocols used in local networks, specifically in businesses across the world. Ethernet is important to the evolution of the Internet because it forms the backbone of essentially all computer network systems.Today, many home computers still use a fixed line that connects their computer via an Ethernet cable to their modem and then to their Internet service provider. Ethernet offers an easy, economical and practical way to move data quickly from one computer to another computer or device at high speeds. Ethernet cables not only made connecting a LAN (local area network) more simple, but increased the speed at which these computers can talk to one another.
The personal computer age reached a milestone when the Altair 8800 became available in 1975. The Altair 8800, from Micro Instrumentation Telemetry Systems (MITS) was first featured in the January 1975 edition of Popular Electronics magazine. Ed Roberts, president and owner of MITS, is the designer of the Altair 8800. The entire system is comprised of a case, a power supply, a front panel and a passive motherboard with expansion slots. All of the circuitry - the CPU and memory, are on cards which plug into the expansion slots, which MITS called the "Altair Bus". Why is the Altair 8800 important? Today the Altair is widely recognized as the spark that led to the microcomputer revolution. The Altair 8800 quickly became an industry standard. The Altair 8800 was popular among hobbyists -it grabbed the attention of Bill Gates and Paul Allen, who saw potential for developing a user-friendly programming language for the memory-deficient Altair. Because of the Altair 8800, old companies like IBM and new ones such as Apple, tried to make their mark in technology world. The Altair led to fierce competition and successful collaboration among these companies. The Altair 8800, one of the earliest PCs, transformed into a crucial tool that has revolutionized the way we communicate, handle information, work, play and learn.
In 1975, Bill Gates wasted no time contacting MITS, the makers of the Altair, to tell them how he had written a computer language that was perfect for their machine. The demonstration of Gate’s computer language, BASIC, worked faultlessly. Gates and buddy Paul Allen joined MITS and created an informal partnership known as “Micro-Soft.” Without Microsoft, the PC world would be nothing like it is today. It was Microsoft that managed to finally make the PC a mainstream icon. While Microsoft did not invent the very first word processor, they have invented the world’s most successful one. Microsoft is important to the evolution of the Internet because it facilitated computer use among non-techies, and led to the exponential growth of personal computing.Much more important than the Office Suite of programs is the Windows Operating System in terms of everything from Microsoft’s revenue to cultural impact.As you can easily see, if it weren’t for Microsoft, our lives wouldn’t run the way they do today. Everything software-wise on the computer owes something to Microsoft for having paved the way for future programs.
In new media and computing technologies, one name is hard to forget: Apple. Innovations such as the iPhone, iPod, Apple TV, and a host of PCs, have secured Apple’s place as a leader in the technology world. Apple’s products appeal to users through usability and unique looks. Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne founded Apple in 1976. Why is Apple important in the evolution of the Internet? Apple computers have been a continuous source of innovation. Apple has helped to shape computing as we know it. Personal Data Assistants, the laptop, and graphical interface have all been promoted through Apple’s products. Apple has changed technology in countless ways. Apple has shown consumers that there are far better ways to interact with technology: touchscreen. In addition, Apple single-handedly rewrote the book on mobile application creation by encouraging outside developers to set new bars for what could be possible through mobile software.
TCP/IP is comprised of dozens of different protocols, but only a few are the main protocols that define the core operation of the suite. Of these key protocols, two are usually considered the most important. The Internet Protocol (IP) is the primary OSI network layer (layer three) protocol that provides addressing, datagram routing and other functions in an internetwork. The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is the primary transport layer (layer four) protocol, and is responsible for connection establishment and management and reliable data transport between software processes on devices.Because of the importance of these two protocols, their abbreviations have come to represent the entire suite: “TCP/IP”.The TCP/IP protocols were initially developed as part of the research network developed by the United States Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA or ARPA). Initially, this new network, called the ARPANET, was intended to use a number of protocols that had been adapted from existing technologies.Why is TCP/IP important? TCP/IP was developed to allow more hosts to be interconnected. With the properties of TCP/IP it became possible to interconnect networks - and build a network of networks- the Internet. The ability of TCP/IP to allow the interconnectivity of various platforms running different operating systems meant that these systems were able to share information. TCP/IP is important to the evolution of the internet because it delivers services that everyone needs, for example, file transfer, email, and remote logon.
Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs announced The Apple II in 1977. The Apple II became one of the most popular computers ever. Although it is an immense improvement over the Apple I, it contains the same processor and runs at the same speed. The Apple II features include a color display, eight internal expansion slots, and a case with a keyboard. The Apple II was one of the first computers with a color display, and it has the BASIC programming language built-in, so it is ready-to-run right out of the box. Numerous different expansion cards were made by Apple and other manufacturers to add to the Apple II's capabilities. These include: floppy disk controllers, memory expansion, PASCAL and CP/M emulator cards, processor accelerators, and video cards. How does the Apple II contribute to Internet history? The Apple II stands apart for making machines once only viewed as being useful for crunching numbers now part of our everyday lives and virtually everything we do. The Apple II was the driving force that pushed Apple to become a successful business. Wozniak's focus on using software and programming to eliminate the need for expensive hardware made the Apple II quite affordable, relative to competing machines. As a result of the Apple II, Apple created a robust third-party developer community that helped to quickly build a useful pool of consumer-friendly software. The Apple II gave Apple the push they needed to move things forward.
USENET is an early example of a client server where users dial in to a server with requests to forward certain newsgroup postings. USENET distributes online forums or newsgroups concerning any number of topics across the Internet, allowing users to submit messages to newsgroups and communicate electronically in an informal manner. Usenet first began as the creation of two Duke University graduate students, Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis, in late 1979. Truscott and Ellis envisioned software that would not only allow messaging between their department members, but also connect them to other universities. At the time, collaboration between universities was limited to costly phone calls and periodic postal newsletters. Next, Truscott and Ellis shared their vision with Steve Bellovin, a student at the nearby University of North Carolina. With his assistance writing scripts, "netnews" was born, and DUKE and UNC became the first two Usenet hosts. The "netnews" software was compiled for formal distribution and renamed to "A News" by Steve Daniel and was made available to any interested system administrators at 1980's Usenix Conference. Why was USENET important? The cost-effective nature of communication via Usenet made its initial release very popular with Unix administrators and the network rapidly outgrew the modest capabilities of A News. "B News" was developed and distributed beginning in 1981. USENET helped paved the way for communication across networks. Today, USENET features a worldwide network of servers exchanging newsgroup articles. It has grown leaps and bounds from its beginning.