The document summarizes a demonstration project on sweet peppers and grafted tomatoes, as well as greenhouse tomato production monitoring. It provides results from variety demonstrations of colored sweet peppers and a comparison of grafted versus non-grafted tomatoes. Soil tests and crop assessments were conducted on 4 collaborating farms. Key findings included some pepper varieties requiring support, earlier varieties being more productive, and grafted tomato plants exhibiting more growth and vigor with potential for higher yields. Monitoring tools were used to assess soil fertility, temperature, and irrigation on the farms.
Grafting overview for vegetable crops acornorganic
Grafting vegetable plants can provide benefits like increased disease resistance, vigor, and yields. While commonly used for tomatoes, grafting is not as widely applied to other crops. Grafting separates the scion and rootstock, allowing plant breeders to focus on different goals for each. Rootstocks often use interspecific hybridization to provide benefits to the scion like stronger roots. Potential downsides include increased costs and labor. The document then provides an overview of the grafting process and different grafting techniques for solanaceous and cucurbit crops.
A lot of mechanical and physical damages occur to medicinal plants during harvest, this ppt includes important guidelines during medicinal plants collection.
Zinnia is an annual flowering plant native to North America. There are many varieties of zinnia that differ in flower shape, size, and color. Pink dasher has cheerful pink round flowers good for indoor planting. Star white is suitable for hanging baskets with 3 inch wide pure white flowers. Elegans Benary's giant deep red attracts bees and butterflies and requires full sun. Propagation can be done through seeds or cuttings. Proper care includes preparing soil, providing adequate sunlight, water, and nutrients. Pests like aphids and diseases like powdery mildew must be controlled. Harvesting involves cutting flower clusters or singles with stems when blooms are partially open. Post-harvest handling like
The document discusses best practices for carrot seed production, including variety selection, grow-out tests, crop rotation, controlled pollination through emasculation and isolation, seed-to-seed and root-to-seed production methods, roughing, and control of common diseases and pests. Key steps involve selecting genetically pure, high-yielding varieties; maintaining genetic purity through periodic testing; rotating crops to improve soil health and minimize pathogens; controlling pollination through isolation and controlled breeding; and removing off-type and diseased plants through roughing.
This presentation is about capsicum cultivation in Sri Lanka. Recommended varieties, Environmental Requirements, Nursery Management, Field Establishment, Crop Management, Pest & Disease Management, Harvest & Harvesting, Post Harvest Technology & Uses are included.
Transplanting of winter vegetable seedlings involves lifting seedlings from the nursery and planting them in the main field to provide better growing conditions. Some key crops transplanted include tomatoes, cabbage, and brinjal. Transplanting provides benefits like healthier stockier plants, uniformity, and better land use. However, it also involves greater expenses and the risk of transplant shock. Seedlings should be hardened off before transplanting through methods like limiting water and exposing them to sun. The ideal time for transplanting is early morning or late evening and seedlings should be at the 4-6 week stage with a good root system.
Biology and Management of Stubby-Root Nematodes on OnionUbaidAbdulKhaliq
This document discusses the stubby root nematode, a soil-borne pathogen that affects onions. It causes stunted root growth in onions, resulting in poor seedling development and nutrient deficiencies that cause leaf yellowing. It prefers sandy soils and temperatures between 20-30°C. Its life cycle involves eggs laid in soil that hatch into larvae that infect root tips, stunting root growth. Management strategies include soil sampling, using resistant cultivars, crop rotation, soil fumigation or nematicides. Leaving fields fallow or transplanting carefully can also help control nematode populations.
Grafting overview for vegetable crops acornorganic
Grafting vegetable plants can provide benefits like increased disease resistance, vigor, and yields. While commonly used for tomatoes, grafting is not as widely applied to other crops. Grafting separates the scion and rootstock, allowing plant breeders to focus on different goals for each. Rootstocks often use interspecific hybridization to provide benefits to the scion like stronger roots. Potential downsides include increased costs and labor. The document then provides an overview of the grafting process and different grafting techniques for solanaceous and cucurbit crops.
A lot of mechanical and physical damages occur to medicinal plants during harvest, this ppt includes important guidelines during medicinal plants collection.
Zinnia is an annual flowering plant native to North America. There are many varieties of zinnia that differ in flower shape, size, and color. Pink dasher has cheerful pink round flowers good for indoor planting. Star white is suitable for hanging baskets with 3 inch wide pure white flowers. Elegans Benary's giant deep red attracts bees and butterflies and requires full sun. Propagation can be done through seeds or cuttings. Proper care includes preparing soil, providing adequate sunlight, water, and nutrients. Pests like aphids and diseases like powdery mildew must be controlled. Harvesting involves cutting flower clusters or singles with stems when blooms are partially open. Post-harvest handling like
The document discusses best practices for carrot seed production, including variety selection, grow-out tests, crop rotation, controlled pollination through emasculation and isolation, seed-to-seed and root-to-seed production methods, roughing, and control of common diseases and pests. Key steps involve selecting genetically pure, high-yielding varieties; maintaining genetic purity through periodic testing; rotating crops to improve soil health and minimize pathogens; controlling pollination through isolation and controlled breeding; and removing off-type and diseased plants through roughing.
This presentation is about capsicum cultivation in Sri Lanka. Recommended varieties, Environmental Requirements, Nursery Management, Field Establishment, Crop Management, Pest & Disease Management, Harvest & Harvesting, Post Harvest Technology & Uses are included.
Transplanting of winter vegetable seedlings involves lifting seedlings from the nursery and planting them in the main field to provide better growing conditions. Some key crops transplanted include tomatoes, cabbage, and brinjal. Transplanting provides benefits like healthier stockier plants, uniformity, and better land use. However, it also involves greater expenses and the risk of transplant shock. Seedlings should be hardened off before transplanting through methods like limiting water and exposing them to sun. The ideal time for transplanting is early morning or late evening and seedlings should be at the 4-6 week stage with a good root system.
Biology and Management of Stubby-Root Nematodes on OnionUbaidAbdulKhaliq
This document discusses the stubby root nematode, a soil-borne pathogen that affects onions. It causes stunted root growth in onions, resulting in poor seedling development and nutrient deficiencies that cause leaf yellowing. It prefers sandy soils and temperatures between 20-30°C. Its life cycle involves eggs laid in soil that hatch into larvae that infect root tips, stunting root growth. Management strategies include soil sampling, using resistant cultivars, crop rotation, soil fumigation or nematicides. Leaving fields fallow or transplanting carefully can also help control nematode populations.
Vegetable grafting involves grafting a scion vegetable plant onto a rootstock plant to improve traits like disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, yield and quality. The document discusses the history of vegetable grafting, benefits like resistance to soilborne diseases and tolerance to stresses. It also describes different grafting methods like cleft grafting and tube grafting used for various rootstock-scion combinations in vegetables like tomato, eggplant, cucumber and watermelon. Automated grafting has increased grafting efficiency and reduced costs compared to manual grafting. Some examples of vegetable grafting experiments conducted in India are also provided.
This presentation is done by Export Agriculture students of Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka as a requirement for the subject which is “Fruit & Vegetable Cultivation”. Note that the information included here is relevant to Sri Lankan condition.
Rootstocks are used to graft scion cultivars onto in order to increase crop yields, fruit quality, and resistance to stresses. There are two main types of rootstocks - seedling and clonal. Seedling rootstocks vary more while clonal are uniform. Ideal rootstocks are hardy, tolerant of stresses, and compatible for grafting. Rootstocks impact scion cultivars by providing anchorage, inducing precocity or flowering, and affecting yields, fruit size/quality, and resistance to diseases, insects, and abiotic stresses. Mango, citrus, guava, grapes, sapota, ber, and olive are fruits that require mandatory rootstock propagation.
This document provides information about sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) production, including its classification, origin, description, climatic requirements, cultivation practices, and post-harvest handling. It details aspects such as the plant description, root and stem structure, leaf and flower morphology, fruit characteristics, and cultivar selection. Requirements for temperature, soil type, and site are outlined.
This document discusses the aftercare of seedlings, including providing optimal light, temperature, moisture, and aeration in the seed bed. It notes that seedlings should be hardened before transplanting by gradually exposing them to field conditions through reduced watering and temperature. Proper transplanting involves retaining soil around the roots and firming and watering the seedlings after planting. Regular care like watering, weeding and protecting from frost or wind is also important after transplanting.
Recent advances and commercial propagation technique in fruit cropsPawan Nagar
Recent advances and commercial propagation techniques in fruit crops are discussed. Asexual propagation methods like stem cuttings, layering, grafting, and tissue culture are described as they allow for reproducing exact duplicates of desirable plants and increasing quality. Tissue culture, also called micropropagation, is highlighted as it provides a rapid means of clonally propagating plants using small explants in sterile culture.
Carrots have the botanical name Daucus carota and are native to Europe and southwest Asia. There are two main methods for carrot seed production - root-to-seed and seed-to-seed. The root-to-seed method involves growing mature carrot roots in one season, selecting healthy roots, and transplanting them to grow seeds. Multiple inspections and roguing of plants is required to maintain high quality. Carrots are cross-pollinated and honeybees are effective pollen vectors. Isolation distances of at least 1000m for foundation seeds and 800m for certified seeds must be maintained.
Beet root cultivation based on botany, plant characteristic, soil, climate, variety and varietal characteristic, problem in cultivation and their management practices and storage and post harvest handling.
This document discusses research advances in grafting and propagation techniques for vegetables. It begins by explaining what grafting is and its benefits, such as improved yield, stress tolerance, and production in non-traditional areas. Various grafting methods are described, and case studies of grafting for crops like tomato, cucumber, and cucurbit vegetables in India are provided. The history and current status of vegetable grafting are reviewed. The document also discusses specific benefits like increased resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, improved growth, nutrient uptake and yield, and enhanced fruit quality.
This presentation is done by Export Agriculture students of 2010/11 batch of Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka as a requirement for the subject which is “Fruit & Vegetable Cultivation”. Note that the information included here is relevant to Sri Lankan condition
This document discusses tomato grafting techniques. It defines grafting as joining parts of two plants so they unite and grow as a single plant. Benefits of grafting tomatoes include resistance to soil-borne diseases and nematodes from rootstocks, as well as desirable traits from scion cultivars. Methods covered include tubing, tongue, and cleft grafting. Healing grafts is critical and involves high humidity, warm temperatures, and initial darkness. Rootstocks discussed increase disease resistance or vigor.
This document provides information about Momordica cochinchinensis (sweet gourd). It discusses the origin, botany, nutritional value, health benefits, cultivation practices, breeding objectives, and research on propagating it in vitro. Specifically, it explores sterilizing seeds both with and without their dense coats to initiate growth in liquid and solid media. Within 16 days of cultivation, cotyledons opened and roots formed intensely, showing potential for micropropagation of this valuable crop with low germination rates.
Grafting is an ancient asexual propagation technique where the rootstock and scion from two plants are joined together to form a single plant. The production of grafted vegetable plants first began in Japan and Korea in the late 1920s with watermelons grafted onto pumpkin rootstocks. Now common in parts of Asia, Europe and the Middle East, grafting is used to improve traits like disease tolerance, abiotic stress resistance, and yield in important vegetable crops. Modern grafting methods include hole insertion grafting, tongue approach grafting and cleft grafting. Healing chambers are used to promote graft union formation and robotic grafting systems can produce hundreds of grafted plants per hour.
PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF FENUGREEK LEEK AND CHAYOTE HARISH J
This document provides information on fenugreek and leek cultivation. It discusses two main varieties of fenugreek, their growth habits and flowering characteristics. It also provides details on manures and fertilizers used, and describes common pests and diseases affecting fenugreek, along with control measures. For leek cultivation, it mentions varieties grown in India, climate requirements, cultivation practices including spacing and manure use, and harvesting details. Common insect pests and fungal diseases of leek are also summarized along with their management.
The document provides information on the general features and cultivation of cucurbits. Some key points:
- Most cucurbits are annuals that are direct sown and propagated through seeds. They have a long taproot system and branched, climbing stems.
- Leaves are usually simple and 3-5 lobed with tendrils in the leaf axils. Flowers are highly cross-pollinated by honey bees.
- Common cucurbits include cucumber, muskmelon, pumpkin, and squash. These are mostly monoecious with male and female flowers on the same plant.
- Proper soil preparation, fertilizer application, irrigation, and pest management are required at
Carrots can grow in a range of soils but prefer deep, well-drained sandy loams or medium loams with a pH of 6-6.8. Land is prepared with raised beds and manure is incorporated before varieties like Up-Country, Low Country, and Nantes are sown 1cm deep in rows 25-30cm apart. Carrots are irrigated daily until germination and then every 4 days, and require fertilizer, weeding, and control of pests like nematodes and diseases like leaf spot. Roots are harvested 75-90 days after sowing when they reach 2.5-4cm in diameter, then graded and stored carefully. Carrots provide health benefits and are
Capsicum is an important commercial vegetable crop, also known as sweet pepper, bell pepper or Shimla Mirch. this plants grown throughout the world.
This crop is a cold season crop, but capsicum cultivated through the year using polyhouse.
This document provides information on seed production techniques for cole crops such as cabbage, cauliflower, kale, and broccoli. It discusses the origin and importance of cole crops, as well as details on their scientific names, chromosome numbers, pollination type, and plant parts used. It then describes the methods of seed production for cabbage and cauliflower, including the in situ method, transplanting method, stump method, and head intact method. It also covers vernalization, special approaches like blanching and tying, and disbudding and staking. Finally, it discusses genetic mechanisms for hybrid seed production like self-incompatibility and cytoplasmic male sterility in cole crops.
Tomato Anna F1 is a hybrid tomato variety bred by Monsanto for greenhouse production. It produces deep red, firm, oval fruits with high resistance to diseases. The document provides detailed instructions on growing the variety successfully, including field selection, soil preparation, nursery management, transplanting, agronomic practices like nutrient management and pest/disease control. Common pests include whiteflies, leaf miners, and diseases like late blight, bacterial wilt, and Fusarium wilt. Harvesting begins 70-75 days after transplanting and continues for 6-8 months. The variety is well-suited for local and export markets due to its quality attributes.
This document provides information on the carrot plant. It begins with the botanical name, family, and origin of carrots. It then discusses carrot production in India, with Haryana being the leading producer. The document covers carrot varieties, uses, ideal soil and climate conditions, planting methods, and post-harvest handling. It describes several diseases that affect carrots, including crown rot, cottony soft rot, root dieback, and bacterial soft rot. Control methods are outlined for each disease. The document concludes with information on storage issues like bitterness and phenolic browning.
The document discusses greenhouse production management for tomatoes and peppers in Ontario, Canada. It analyzes production costs and profitability from 2009-2014 using data from industry groups and Statistics Canada. The average greenhouse expenses per square meter are broken down. While total greenhouse acreage and sales increased each year, production levels and profits rose only slightly, suggesting room for improved management practices to increase outputs and lower costs like labor expenses.
The document discusses opportunities to increase efficiency in greenhouse vegetable production. It analyzes tomato yield and area data from 2000-2014 which shows that while area increased by 40%, yield remained stagnant at around 50 kg/m2. The author believes this is due to a lack of intensive, vertical growth and focuses are needed on factors like: improving water quality and fertilization; optimizing solar energy collection through leaf area index; proper deleafing; and enhancing labor management and instruction to reduce stresses on plants. Integrating improved practices could harness the region's solar energy potential and increase yields toward a target of 80-90 kg/m2.
Vegetable grafting involves grafting a scion vegetable plant onto a rootstock plant to improve traits like disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, yield and quality. The document discusses the history of vegetable grafting, benefits like resistance to soilborne diseases and tolerance to stresses. It also describes different grafting methods like cleft grafting and tube grafting used for various rootstock-scion combinations in vegetables like tomato, eggplant, cucumber and watermelon. Automated grafting has increased grafting efficiency and reduced costs compared to manual grafting. Some examples of vegetable grafting experiments conducted in India are also provided.
This presentation is done by Export Agriculture students of Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka as a requirement for the subject which is “Fruit & Vegetable Cultivation”. Note that the information included here is relevant to Sri Lankan condition.
Rootstocks are used to graft scion cultivars onto in order to increase crop yields, fruit quality, and resistance to stresses. There are two main types of rootstocks - seedling and clonal. Seedling rootstocks vary more while clonal are uniform. Ideal rootstocks are hardy, tolerant of stresses, and compatible for grafting. Rootstocks impact scion cultivars by providing anchorage, inducing precocity or flowering, and affecting yields, fruit size/quality, and resistance to diseases, insects, and abiotic stresses. Mango, citrus, guava, grapes, sapota, ber, and olive are fruits that require mandatory rootstock propagation.
This document provides information about sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) production, including its classification, origin, description, climatic requirements, cultivation practices, and post-harvest handling. It details aspects such as the plant description, root and stem structure, leaf and flower morphology, fruit characteristics, and cultivar selection. Requirements for temperature, soil type, and site are outlined.
This document discusses the aftercare of seedlings, including providing optimal light, temperature, moisture, and aeration in the seed bed. It notes that seedlings should be hardened before transplanting by gradually exposing them to field conditions through reduced watering and temperature. Proper transplanting involves retaining soil around the roots and firming and watering the seedlings after planting. Regular care like watering, weeding and protecting from frost or wind is also important after transplanting.
Recent advances and commercial propagation technique in fruit cropsPawan Nagar
Recent advances and commercial propagation techniques in fruit crops are discussed. Asexual propagation methods like stem cuttings, layering, grafting, and tissue culture are described as they allow for reproducing exact duplicates of desirable plants and increasing quality. Tissue culture, also called micropropagation, is highlighted as it provides a rapid means of clonally propagating plants using small explants in sterile culture.
Carrots have the botanical name Daucus carota and are native to Europe and southwest Asia. There are two main methods for carrot seed production - root-to-seed and seed-to-seed. The root-to-seed method involves growing mature carrot roots in one season, selecting healthy roots, and transplanting them to grow seeds. Multiple inspections and roguing of plants is required to maintain high quality. Carrots are cross-pollinated and honeybees are effective pollen vectors. Isolation distances of at least 1000m for foundation seeds and 800m for certified seeds must be maintained.
Beet root cultivation based on botany, plant characteristic, soil, climate, variety and varietal characteristic, problem in cultivation and their management practices and storage and post harvest handling.
This document discusses research advances in grafting and propagation techniques for vegetables. It begins by explaining what grafting is and its benefits, such as improved yield, stress tolerance, and production in non-traditional areas. Various grafting methods are described, and case studies of grafting for crops like tomato, cucumber, and cucurbit vegetables in India are provided. The history and current status of vegetable grafting are reviewed. The document also discusses specific benefits like increased resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, improved growth, nutrient uptake and yield, and enhanced fruit quality.
This presentation is done by Export Agriculture students of 2010/11 batch of Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka as a requirement for the subject which is “Fruit & Vegetable Cultivation”. Note that the information included here is relevant to Sri Lankan condition
This document discusses tomato grafting techniques. It defines grafting as joining parts of two plants so they unite and grow as a single plant. Benefits of grafting tomatoes include resistance to soil-borne diseases and nematodes from rootstocks, as well as desirable traits from scion cultivars. Methods covered include tubing, tongue, and cleft grafting. Healing grafts is critical and involves high humidity, warm temperatures, and initial darkness. Rootstocks discussed increase disease resistance or vigor.
This document provides information about Momordica cochinchinensis (sweet gourd). It discusses the origin, botany, nutritional value, health benefits, cultivation practices, breeding objectives, and research on propagating it in vitro. Specifically, it explores sterilizing seeds both with and without their dense coats to initiate growth in liquid and solid media. Within 16 days of cultivation, cotyledons opened and roots formed intensely, showing potential for micropropagation of this valuable crop with low germination rates.
Grafting is an ancient asexual propagation technique where the rootstock and scion from two plants are joined together to form a single plant. The production of grafted vegetable plants first began in Japan and Korea in the late 1920s with watermelons grafted onto pumpkin rootstocks. Now common in parts of Asia, Europe and the Middle East, grafting is used to improve traits like disease tolerance, abiotic stress resistance, and yield in important vegetable crops. Modern grafting methods include hole insertion grafting, tongue approach grafting and cleft grafting. Healing chambers are used to promote graft union formation and robotic grafting systems can produce hundreds of grafted plants per hour.
PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF FENUGREEK LEEK AND CHAYOTE HARISH J
This document provides information on fenugreek and leek cultivation. It discusses two main varieties of fenugreek, their growth habits and flowering characteristics. It also provides details on manures and fertilizers used, and describes common pests and diseases affecting fenugreek, along with control measures. For leek cultivation, it mentions varieties grown in India, climate requirements, cultivation practices including spacing and manure use, and harvesting details. Common insect pests and fungal diseases of leek are also summarized along with their management.
The document provides information on the general features and cultivation of cucurbits. Some key points:
- Most cucurbits are annuals that are direct sown and propagated through seeds. They have a long taproot system and branched, climbing stems.
- Leaves are usually simple and 3-5 lobed with tendrils in the leaf axils. Flowers are highly cross-pollinated by honey bees.
- Common cucurbits include cucumber, muskmelon, pumpkin, and squash. These are mostly monoecious with male and female flowers on the same plant.
- Proper soil preparation, fertilizer application, irrigation, and pest management are required at
Carrots can grow in a range of soils but prefer deep, well-drained sandy loams or medium loams with a pH of 6-6.8. Land is prepared with raised beds and manure is incorporated before varieties like Up-Country, Low Country, and Nantes are sown 1cm deep in rows 25-30cm apart. Carrots are irrigated daily until germination and then every 4 days, and require fertilizer, weeding, and control of pests like nematodes and diseases like leaf spot. Roots are harvested 75-90 days after sowing when they reach 2.5-4cm in diameter, then graded and stored carefully. Carrots provide health benefits and are
Capsicum is an important commercial vegetable crop, also known as sweet pepper, bell pepper or Shimla Mirch. this plants grown throughout the world.
This crop is a cold season crop, but capsicum cultivated through the year using polyhouse.
This document provides information on seed production techniques for cole crops such as cabbage, cauliflower, kale, and broccoli. It discusses the origin and importance of cole crops, as well as details on their scientific names, chromosome numbers, pollination type, and plant parts used. It then describes the methods of seed production for cabbage and cauliflower, including the in situ method, transplanting method, stump method, and head intact method. It also covers vernalization, special approaches like blanching and tying, and disbudding and staking. Finally, it discusses genetic mechanisms for hybrid seed production like self-incompatibility and cytoplasmic male sterility in cole crops.
Tomato Anna F1 is a hybrid tomato variety bred by Monsanto for greenhouse production. It produces deep red, firm, oval fruits with high resistance to diseases. The document provides detailed instructions on growing the variety successfully, including field selection, soil preparation, nursery management, transplanting, agronomic practices like nutrient management and pest/disease control. Common pests include whiteflies, leaf miners, and diseases like late blight, bacterial wilt, and Fusarium wilt. Harvesting begins 70-75 days after transplanting and continues for 6-8 months. The variety is well-suited for local and export markets due to its quality attributes.
This document provides information on the carrot plant. It begins with the botanical name, family, and origin of carrots. It then discusses carrot production in India, with Haryana being the leading producer. The document covers carrot varieties, uses, ideal soil and climate conditions, planting methods, and post-harvest handling. It describes several diseases that affect carrots, including crown rot, cottony soft rot, root dieback, and bacterial soft rot. Control methods are outlined for each disease. The document concludes with information on storage issues like bitterness and phenolic browning.
The document discusses greenhouse production management for tomatoes and peppers in Ontario, Canada. It analyzes production costs and profitability from 2009-2014 using data from industry groups and Statistics Canada. The average greenhouse expenses per square meter are broken down. While total greenhouse acreage and sales increased each year, production levels and profits rose only slightly, suggesting room for improved management practices to increase outputs and lower costs like labor expenses.
The document discusses opportunities to increase efficiency in greenhouse vegetable production. It analyzes tomato yield and area data from 2000-2014 which shows that while area increased by 40%, yield remained stagnant at around 50 kg/m2. The author believes this is due to a lack of intensive, vertical growth and focuses are needed on factors like: improving water quality and fertilization; optimizing solar energy collection through leaf area index; proper deleafing; and enhancing labor management and instruction to reduce stresses on plants. Integrating improved practices could harness the region's solar energy potential and increase yields toward a target of 80-90 kg/m2.
Protective structures provide protection for off-season vegetable production from environmental stresses. Common types include greenhouses, plastic houses, screen houses, and tunnels. They benefit production by protecting crops from rain, temperature extremes, and pests. Yield is higher for crops like tomatoes under protective structures compared to open field production. Proper design, orientation, cooling systems, and integrated pest management are important for optimizing vegetable yields year-round.
A presentation briefing about the economics of greenhouse production of Capsicum.
A Greenhouse is an integrated solution that provide us with an ideal environment for cultivation all year round.
Tomato is the second most important vegetable crop next to potato. This presentation showcases the economics behind growing Tomato in a greenhouse environment.
Cucumber can be grown in greenhouses with suitable temperatures between 15-35°C and soil that is well-drained, loamy and rich in lime. Seedlings are planted at a spacing of 1.5m between furrows and 50cm between rows. Cucumbers are harvested after 70-80 days, with a total yield of 40,000-45,000kg per acre. Production costs are around Rs. 6.60 per kg and income from selling the harvest at Rs. 25 per kg results in a profit of Rs. 18,39,988 in the first year without considering capital investments.
Protected cultivation of vegetable crops BY HARMANJEETStudent
This document provides an overview of protected cultivation of vegetable crops. It discusses the need for protected cultivation due to factors like globalization, climate change, and shrinking land. Protected cultivation ensures higher yields, quality, and profits. India has seen growth in protected cultivation, especially in states like Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Uttarakhand. The document outlines the potential crops well-suited for protected cultivation in Himachal Pradesh, including tomatoes, capsicum, cucumber, and french beans. It also discusses polyhouse design principles, types of polyhouses from low to high-cost, and considerations for site selection, orientation, and production systems. The key challenges of greenhouse cultivation include climate control and management of
Greenhouses provide a controlled environment for crop growth. They allow sunlight to enter while protecting crops from outside environmental factors like cold, heat, and rain. This controlled environment allows for higher crop yields year-round. Greenhouse technologies regulate temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide levels, and protect from pests and diseases. Components include the structural framework, covering materials, and environmental control systems.
Polyhouse technology provides controlled growing conditions for fruits, vegetables, and flowers through partially or fully enclosed structures. This allows year-round cultivation protected from environmental factors like rainfall, wind, heat, and cold. Polyhouses in India could boost production and exports like in other countries, but the technology is underutilized. Maintaining optimal light, temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide, and airflow levels inside polyhouses improves plant growth and yields. Different types and designs of polyhouses exist for various climates. Adopting polyhouse cultivation would support farmers financially and improve food security in India.
This document summarizes spring and summer crop production in a greenhouse or high tunnel. It provides information on seeding dates, varieties of tomatoes and peppers to consider planting based on traits like earliness and disease resistance. It also discusses care techniques like staking tomatoes and pruning to improve air circulation and fruit size. Other crops mentioned being grown include strawberries, cherry tomatoes, bell peppers, cucumbers, summer squash, and various lettuce and potato varieties.
Capsicum annuum L., commonly known as chilli or pepper, is a versatile crop grown worldwide for use as a spice, vegetable, and ornamental plant. It originated in Central and South America but was introduced to India 500 years ago.
India is the world's largest producer and exporter of chilli, contributing 25% of global production. The major chilli producing states in India are Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Odisha, and Tamil Nadu.
Hybrid chilli seed production techniques include growing male and female parental lines in isolation, hand emasculation and pollination, and seed extraction. New techniques using
Tomatoes can be grown year-round in greenhouses. Several varieties are suitable depending on fruit size and characteristics. Seedlings are started in plug trays and transplanted. Indeterminate varieties require pruning and training of suckers to focus growth. Pollination requires shaking clusters by hand. Fertigation provides nutrients. Pests like whiteflies and diseases like powdery mildew require management. With proper care, greenhouse tomatoes can yield 25-30 tonnes per 1000 square meters.
This document provides information about the production technology of tomatoes. It begins with the botanical classification of tomatoes, describing their origin in Peru and Mexico. It then covers tomato cultivation methods such as variety selection, climate needs, seed treatment, nursery preparation, and seasonal planting times. The document also discusses the nutritional value of tomatoes and lists some popular varieties grown in India. In summary, the document outlines the botanical background and production practices for cultivating tomatoes as a vegetable crop.
1. The document discusses hybrid seed production of chilly pepper. It describes the process which includes raising male and female parental lines, isolation, emasculation, pollination, and seed extraction.
2. Methods to make hybrid seed production more efficient are discussed, including use of genetic or cytoplasmic-genic male sterility which avoids the need for emasculation. Specific CMS lines identified for chilly are mentioned.
3. Improved chilly hybrids developed and commercialized in India are listed, including Arka Meghana, Arka Sweta, Arka Harita, and Arka Khyati from IIHR which offer benefits such as high yield, disease resistance, and dual purpose use.
Specialty crops for high tunnel production A Presentation By Mr Allah Dad Kha...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Specialty crops for high tunnel production A Presentation By Mr Allah Dad Khan Former Director General Agriculture Extension KPK Province and Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan
This document summarizes the 2015 winners of the All-America Selections program, including ornamental and edible plants. It provides details on 15 different varieties, including their unique qualities, sizes, growing conditions and comparisons to other varieties. The winners include new varieties of impatiens, petunias, salvia, basil, brussels sprouts, cucumbers, lettuce, pak choi, peppers and more that demonstrate disease resistance, unusual traits or improved production.
Explore how to grow tomatoes from seeds with our insightful guide. From choosing the perfect varieties to mastering soil preparation, watering, and pest control, this presentation is your key to a thriving tomato garden. Elevate your gardening skills and enjoy the satisfaction of homegrown tomatoes.
All-America Selections is an organization that has been testing and selecting the best new flower and vegetable varieties since 1932. It operates a national network of trial sites where varieties submitted by breeders are evaluated based on standardized criteria. Varieties that perform well are named AAS Winners and promoted to home gardeners. Over the years, AAS has expanded the number of trial sites and types of plants evaluated to include bedding plants, cool season plants, and more. It continues to be a leader in independent variety trials and promotion of new garden-worthy varieties.
Carrots are a biennial plant grown as an annual for its taproot. The main edible part is the orange-colored root which is rich in beta-carotene and other nutrients. There is wide variability in root colors including white, yellow, red, purple, and black depending on the variety. Major carrot producing countries include China, India, and the United States. Carrots are commonly used raw in salads or cooked in dishes like halwa, pickles, and juices. The three main types are long rooted, half-long rooted, and short stump rooted which perform best in different soil conditions. Popular commercial varieties in India include Pusa Kesar, Pusa Yamdagni, and P
This document provides information on growing vegetables and herbs for a productive harvest. It discusses square foot gardening and vertical gardening techniques to maximize garden space. Specific plant varieties are recommended for compact growth, productivity, and disease resistance. Container gardening tips emphasize using large enough pots and choosing plants suited to smaller volumes. The document promotes "high value gardening" by growing herbs, vegetables, and fruits that are more expensive to purchase or have high returns per seed investment. Compact, productive varieties are suggested to optimize garden space and harvest.
This presentation discusses sustainable farming practices used by Josh Hardin at Laughing Stock Farm and Hardin Farms. It provides an overview of the two farms and their main crops such as tomatoes, peppers, melons, squash and root vegetables. The presentation then discusses integrated pest management techniques including using beneficial insects, insect exclusion fabric, kaolin clay, organic insecticides and biological controls. It also covers the use of cover crops, importance of pH and nutrient availability, challenges of market farming and tips for specific crops like corn, watermelons, squash and root vegetables.
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Semagn Asredie Kolech;
All-America Selections (AAS) judges have again finished a rigorous year of trialing and now the AAS Board of Directors is pleased to announce the newest AAS Winners. For the first time in AAS history, the organization is recognizing regional performance and granting an AAS Regional Winner designation to five new Winners:
Similar to Coloured sweet pepper and grafted tomato project (20)
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W.H. Bender & Associates
408-784-7371
whb@whbender.com
www.whbender.com
San Jose, California
1. Sweet Pepper, Grafted Tomato Demonstration and
Greenhouse Tomato Production Monitoring
November 24, 2015 ACORN Conference
Presented by: Claude Berthélémé, NBDAAF Organic and Vegetable Production Specialist
Charles Comeau, NBDAAF Crop Development Officer
2. Overview of Presentation
Project Background
Coloured Sweet Pepper Variety Demonstration
• Results, observations and assessment sheet
Grafted vs Non-Grafted Tomato Demonstration
• Results and observations
Greenhouse Tomato Production Monitoring
• Observations
Important Things Learned in 2015
Acknowledgements:
3. Sweet Pepper, Grafted Tomato Demo and
Tomato Production Monitoring
Funded by Growing Forward 2 (Enabling Ag. Research and Innovation Prog.)
Demonstration rather than adapted research (Great way to learn …)
Partnership between ACORN and NBDAAF
As a result of the 2014 Quebec Vegetable Tour and the work done by Christine
Villeneuve (MAPAQ).
4. Sweet Pepper Demonstration
A few details:
• 10 varieties (very large, large, medium, small and mini)
• Mostly new varieties for NB vegetable growers
• 8 collaborating farms
• Strawberry Hill Farm contracted to grow organic seedlings
• Grown in greenhouses and tunnels
• Transplanted in early to late June
• Plants were staked or weaved at most sites (no pruning)
• Project lead provided assessment sheets
Intent:
1) Give growers an opportunity to grow some of the most productive
coloured sweet pepper varieties (some already identified by QC Trials).
2) Provide opportunity for growers to do their own assessment.
11. EARI PROJECT- NBDAAF/ACORN Grafted Tomato and Coloured Sweet Pepper Demonstration (2015)
Crop assessment survey for coloured sweet peppers
Score: (2= very low, 4= low, 6= medium, 8= high, 10= very high)
Variety
Earliness
(early, mid,
late)
Height of plants
(cm)
Fruit shape
ribbed, blocky,
horn-shaped,
triangular,
pumpkin, oval
Fruit taste
(sweet, bitter,
sour, hot, etc)
Fruit
attractivenes
s score
Fruit size
uniformity
score
Yield
score
Proportion of
marketable
fruit
score
Shelf-life
score
Fruit taste
score
Carmen (regular red) Early 71-80 Bull-horn shaped
Sweet and
flavourfull *
9 9 9 9 9 8*
Red Wing (regular red) Late 66-80 Large blocky Sweet 9 9 8 8 9 6
Red Line (regular red) Late 60-70 Very large blocky Sweet 9 7 8 8 9 6
Catriona (regular yellow) Early-mid 60-67 Very large blocky Sweet 9 9 9 8 7 7
Baselga (regular yellow) Late 61-75
Large pumpkin
"ribbed"
Sweet 7 8 8 9 8 6
Delirio (regular orange) Late 60-81, variable Large blocky Sweet 9 8 7 7 8 6
DRO 713 (regular orange) Mid 60-80 variable Very large blocky Sweet 8 7 7 8 8 7
Cupid (mini red) Early
60-100,
variable
Mini oval Sweet * 9 8 8 9 9 8*
Triora (mini-medium-orange) Early -mid 65-71 Med. triangle
Very sweet
and flavourful
*
9 9 9 8 9 9*
Doe Hill (mini-yellow) Early 50-64, variable
Small pumpkin
"ribbed"
Very sweet
and flavourful
*
7 7 8 7 9 9*
Data and observations from one year only. It is important to note that none of the collaborators have measured the exact yields. All scores are based on visual observations and
taste.
* Top 4 best tasting peppers based on two group tasting events
Seed suppliers: Johnny's Selected Seeds, Veseys Seeds, Seminova, Stokes Seeds, la société des plantes
Most varieties should be staked or supported
12. *Special thank you to Kirsten Livingstone, Strawberry Hill Farm
EARI PROJECT- NBDAAF/ACORN Grafted Tomato and Coloured Sweet Pepper Demonstration (2015)
Crop assessment survey for coloured sweet peppers
Variety
Comments from growers and collaborators: disease incidence, insect damage, fruit size, colour uniformity, days to
full maturity, other fruit characteristics, etc
Carmen (regular red)
Heavy yield, thining in early stages maybe beneficial, pick promptly or the fruit tips can go soft if in contact with
ground. 153g/fruit, 8 and 17 fruits/plant, 40% lodging/1 site, need staking, hard to pick when loaded. 1 grower did not
like taste.
Red Wing (regular red) Huge fruit. Very interesting large and tasty fruit. 280g/fruit, 5 and 16 fruits/plant, 20% lodging/1 site, 14% wilt or rot/1
site.
Red Line (regular red) Huge fruit bigger than Red Wing. 340g/fruit, 7 and 13
fruits/plant, less than 10% lodging/1site, need staking.
Catriona (regular yellow) Amazing yellow colour. Pick promptly to avoid soft spots on fruit. A gone one. 233-250g/fruit, 7 and 10 fruits/plant, 7%
wilt or rot/1 site, 0% lodging/1 site.
Baselga (regular yellow)
Thicker skin than Catriona. Lacked the consistent nice shape of Catriona. Fruits tended to be a bit shorter/rounder with
more pronounced ribs than Catriona. 280-260g/fruit, 4 and 13 fruits/plant, 7% wilt or rot/1 site, 2/7 lodging/1site, may
need staking.
Delirio (regular orange) Fruit shape and size was nice, but the plants lack vigour. Plant height was variable. 167-300g/fruit, 6.5 and 17
fruits/plant, 50% lodging/1site, weak plants, may need staking.
DRO 713 (regular orange) Fruit shape and size was nice, but not real a productive variety. 200-300g/fruit, 8.5 and 13 fruits/plant, 38% lodging/1
site, poor germination, weak seedlings, non-uniform seedlings, need staking.
Cupid (mini red)
Beautiful deep red. Very productive variety. This variety produce numerous fruits per plant. The height of the plants
varied between sites. 37g/fruit, may need staking. Cupid and Doe Hill together make a nice mini pepper selection for
selling in quarts.
Triora (mini-medium-orange) Good yielder, medium size fruit, gorgeous orange. Did consistantly well on all sites. Top pick for one growers.
115g/fruit, no lodging with lots of fruit, 14 and 16 fruits/plant, need staking, pick promply to avoid small cracks.
Doe Hill (mini-yellow)
Plants typically produce numerous small fruits. 77g/fruit, prone to wilt and rot in field conditions but did well under
cover. Some plants failed during the middle of the season. No lodging with lots of fruits, 20 and 20 fruits/plant, no
staking needed.
13. Sweet Pepper Demonstration
Things learned:
• Productivity varied significantly amongst sites.
Peppers are very sensitive to weather, soil fertility and irrigation
(target yield in Quebec = 6 kg/m2, 2.8 to 5.2 to 7.3kg/m2, Villeneuve 2015)
• Most varieties require support.
Simple weaving technique is fine (rebar + three levels of twine).
• Best to select early to mid season varieties for more productivity.
• Best to grow them in greenhouse or tunnels to encourage early
ripening, reduce bacterial disease pressure and obtain higher yields.
• Transplants must be healthy and robust to ensure good yield
14. Things learned:
• Some growers preferred the medium size peppers (lower price
per unit).
• Red Wing, Red Line, Catriona, DRO 713 are beautiful but maybe
too large for some.
• Minis and medium size peppers are often sold in small
containers. Growers tend to mix colours (i.e. cupid and Doe Hill)
• The taste testing events showed consistent results:
Top 5: Doe Hill, Triora, Carmen, Cupid and Catriona
Draft copies of the 2015 sweet pepper assessment sheet are
available upon request.
•
Sweet Pepper Demonstration
15. Grafted Tomato Demo
Intent:
1) Allow growers an opportunity to grow grafted tomato plants
2) Allow growers to do their own assessment
3) Allow NBDAAF staff to get familiar with grafted tomato plants
A few details:
• 3 varieties: Frederik (beef), Sweet Heart (grape), Sakura (cherry)
• Frederik new to all
• Compare non-grafted to grafted (on Maxifort rootstock)
• 4 collaborating farms
• Schurman Family Farm contracted to grow organic seedlings
• Grown as usual: 3 sites with clips/strings & 1 weaved
• Grafted plants with twin heads
• Transplanted: May 20 to 26,
• Last harvest: early to mid-October
• Yields from 6 treatments recorded by growers … merci!
• Grown in greenhouses (2) and high tunnels (2)
29. Grafting Sakura and Frederik on Maxifort rootstock allowed for a
more robust and healthier root system
30. Grafted on Maxifort
More root growth (plenty of fine roots)
More root vigour
Healthier roots
Non-grafted plants
Something interesting about this site
31. One variety showed some corkroot disease, most
likely caused by Pyrenochaeta lycopersici (1 site only)
38. Tomato Production Monitoring
Intent:
1) Monitor the tomato production on 4 NB farms
2) Allow growers to work with tools used to monitor soil fertility, air
temperature, and irrigation
3) Allow NBDAAF staff to get familiar with monitoring tools so they can
develop expertise and provide recommendations to growers
A few details:
• Monitored soil fertility via Standard Soil Tests (1), Greenhouse Soil Tests
(2) and Leaf Tissue Tests (3).
• Monitor temperature via thermocouples (indoor/outdoor thermometers)
• Monitor irrigation practices via water meters, tensiometers and
visual observations.
42. Soil Fertility Monitoring via SME Testing
Greenhouse Soil Test:
Nutrients that are more readily available (Saturated Media Extract)
If needed, should be done throughout the season
43. Soluble salt (mS/cm) pH Nitrate-N (ppm) Phosphorous (ppm)
Farm June July June July June July June July
SHF 5.2 3.4 7.0 7.2 602 386 1.3 0.9
JRF 1.7 1.8 8.0 8.0 147 187 1.2 1.0
NRF 5.5 1.9 7.9 8.1 288 63 0.8 0.5
FPV 7.5 2.4 7.3 7.9 684 216 0.4 0.3
Potassium (ppm) Ca (ppm) Mg (ppm)
Farm June July June July June July
SHF 196 61 571 402 108 78
JRF 21 13 84 131 14 21
NRF 201 18 647 311 192 62
FPV 158 17 899 281 75 26
Saturated Media Extract (SME) greenhouse soil test results
44. Soluble salt (mS/cm) pH Nitrate-N (ppm) Phosphorous (ppm)
Farm June July Trend June July June July June July
SHF 5.2 3.4 7.0 7.2 602 386 1.3 0.9
JRF 1.7 1.8 8.0 8.0 147 187 1.2 1.0
NRF 5.5 1.9 7.9 8.1 288 63 0.8 0.5
FPV 7.5 2.4 7.3 7.9 684 216 0.4 0.3
Potassium (ppm) Ca (ppm) Mg (ppm)
Farm June July June July June July
SHF 196 61 571 402 108 78
JRF 21 13 84 131 14 21
NRF 201 18 647 311 192 62
FPV 158 17 899 281 75 26 Low
Acceptable
Optimum
Very High
High
Saturated Media Extract (SME) greenhouse soil test results
45. Soluble salt (mS/cm) pH Nitrate-N (ppm) Phosphorous (ppm)
Farm June July Trend June July June July June July
SHF 5.2 3.4 ↓ 7.0 7.2 ↑ 602 386 ↓ 1.3 0.9 ↓
JRF 1.7 1.8 ↑ 8.0 8.0 ─ 147 187 ↑ 1.2 1.0 ↓
NRF 5.5 1.9 ↓ 7.9 8.1 ↑ 288 63 ↓ 0.8 0.5 ↓
FPV 7.5 2.4 ↓ 7.3 7.9 ↑ 684 216 ↓ 0.4 0.3 ↓
Potassium (ppm) Ca (ppm) Mg (ppm)
Farm June July June July June July
SHF 196 61 ↓ 571 402 ↓ 108 78 ↓
JRF 21 13 ↓ 84 131 ↑ 14 21 ↑
NRF 201 18 ↓ 647 311 ↓ 192 62 ↓
FPV 158 17 ↓ 899 281 ↓ 75 26 ↓ Low
Acceptable
Optimum
Very High
High
Saturated Media Extract (SME) greenhouse soil test results
46. Soil Fertility Monitoring via Tissue Testing
Tomato leaf tissue testing:
Nutrients that the crop was able to uptake from the soil
If needed, should be done throughout the season
47. 0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
N P K Ca Mg N P K Ca Mg N P K Ca Mg N P K Ca Mg
SHF JRF NRF FPV
(%)
July August September
Tomato Leaf Tissue Analysis (cv. Sakura)
Sufficiency ranges
51. Air Temperature Monitoring via Thermocouple:
Indoor/Outdoor
Caterpillar tunnel
Multi-bay high tunnel
Heated greenhouse
Unheated greenhouse
52. SHF Temperature trends
Heated Greenhouse
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
21-May-15 21-Jun-15 21-Jul-15 21-Aug-15 21-Sep-15
(⁰C)
Max inside Max outside
-2.0
3.0
8.0
13.0
18.0
23.0
21-May-15 21-Jun-15 21-Jul-15 21-Aug-15 21-Sep-15
(⁰C)
Min inside Min outside
53. Air Temperature (1 m) Monitoring via
thermocouple: Indoor/Outdoor
Preferred ambient temperature for greenhouse
tomato production much tighter than : 15-32° C
15° C 32° C
55. -5.0
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
27-May-15 27-Jun-15 27-Jul-15 27-Aug-15 27-Sep-15
(⁰C)
Min inside Min outside
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
27-May-15 27-Jun-15 27-Jul-15 27-Aug-15 27-Sep-15
(⁰C)
Max inside Max outside
NRF Temperature trends
Unheated greenhouse
56. JRF Temperature trends
Caterpillar tunnel
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
21-May-15 21-Jun-15 21-Jul-15 21-Aug-15 21-Sep-15 21-Oct-15
(⁰C)
Max inside Max outside
-5.0
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
21-May-15 21-Jun-15 21-Jul-15 21-Aug-15 21-Sep-15 21-Oct-15
(⁰C)
Min inside Min outside
57. FPV Temperature trends
Multi-Bay High Tunnel
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
23-May-15 23-Jun-15 23-Jul-15 23-Aug-15 23-Sep-15 23-Oct-15
(⁰C)
Max Inside Max outside
-5.0
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
23-May-15 23-Jun-15 23-Jul-15 23-Aug-15 23-Sep-15 23-Oct-15
(⁰C)
Min Inside Min outside
58. Irrigation
Crops grown in greenhouses and tunnels must be irrigated
• Typically through drip systems
59. Traditional irrigation monitoring tools
Tensiometers: Tools that measure the soil water tension
or “availability of water”
• Soil saturated with water: 0-10 centibar
• Soils that are too dry (most soils): 60 + centibar
• 2-3 tensiometers per farm: 4-6 in. deep/9-12 in. deep
61. Water meters:
A tool that measures the amount of water used
Watermark Sensors: Measures soil water tension
http://www.irrometer.com/basics.html
62. Irrigation:
Spaghetti emitters are often not suitable for in-ground organic tomato production
Single drip line per bed not suitable for organic greenhouse tomato production
Too many dry zones = poor watering uniformity
Not good for tensiometers
Not good for soil biological activity
Not good for mineralization
64. Water requirement in high tunnel production in Missouri
http://extension.missouri.edu/p/G6462
2.2 liters/plant/day
Avoid excessive watering soon after transplanting!
Depending on weather, you may want to wait a few days
between watering (350ml/plant/day). Villeneuve 2015
65. White on black plastic mulches provides weed suppression,
reflective colour and reduces water evaporation from soil.
This also keeps the soil moisture uniform and at a level that is
conducive to soil biological activity = improved mineralization!
66. High production organic greenhouse systems:
4 drip lines with low output emitters per bed
A good irrigation strategy should involve a period of
irrigation (1 or more cycles) but also a period of aeration
67. Organic fertilizers left on the surface are not effective.
When possible they should be incorporated into the soil and
watered immediately to encourage breakdown and mineralization.
The drip lines should be covered with white on black plastic to
create a moist environment to stimulate surface mineralization.
68. Multiple drip lines covered with white on black plastic
• enhanced surface biological activity
• Better moisture uniformity through the full width of the bed
• better root distribution through the full width of the bed
More drip for more food, especially in organic production, Christine Villeneuve 2015
69. Irrigation for greenhouse/tunnel tomatoes
Things we learned:
• Tensiometers work well if the irrigation setup is well designed
• Spaghetti emitters are often not suitable for in-ground organic production
• 1 to 2 drip lines per bed often not enough
• Emitter spacing should not be too far apart (12 inches apart or less)
• Typically, busy diversified vegetable growers under irrigate
• Watering cycles are too long and not frequent enough
• More water when the crop is in full production … Temp and Sun ↑
• Avoid irrigating in late afternoon and evening
Irrigation is very important to organic growers who rely on the
soil biological activity to mineralize plant nutrients.
70. Take home messages in 60 seconds
Sweet peppers
• Improve peppers yields by selecting early to mid-season varieties and
by growing them in greenhouses and tunnels
Earlier ripening and less bacterial disease pressure (target 6 kg/m2)
• Irrigation and fertilization programs critical for optimal pepper yields
• Need healthy and robust transplants
• Conduct your own variety trials under your growing conditions
Grafted tomatoes
• The grafted Frederik and Sweet Heart seem to outperform the non-grafted
plants by 10 to 50%
• Grafted plants may offer more vigour, more resistance to soilborne diseases,
more yield (in most conditions) and will extend the growing season
• Consider grafted tomato plants once your greenhouse/tunnel production
management is adequate (fertility, irrigation, pruning, …) ???
71. Take home messages in 60 seconds
• Tensiometers are very good tools when the irrigation system is well designed
• Need to increase the ventilation of the high tunnels during hot summer days
to avoid excessive heat
• Adding minimal heat in early and late season can extended the season …
Tomato Production Monitoring
• Need to improved fertilization program to meet target yield
Target organic yield: 20 Kg/m2 (4.1 lbs/ft2)
May need to add soil amendments/fertilizers during the growing season
Potassium often over-looked
• Need to consider effective irrigation equipment and improve watering
practices
• Plastic over the drip lines will reduce evaporation and encourage surface
biological activity (important if you plan to split N applications)
72. Acknowledgements
Growing Forward 2 - Enabling Agriculture Research and Innovation Program
ACORN and Tara Scott
Charles Comeau: NBDAAF
Pat Toner: NBDAAF
Strawberry Hill Farm: Tim and Kirsten Livingstone
Jemseg River Farm: Michael Carr
Nature’s Route Farm: Kent Coates, Lisa Archambault and Fanny Legacy
Ferme Pouce Vert: Roger and Jean-Louis Richard
Gore Farm, Pumpkin Lady Farm, Les serres à Eugène, Villeneuve Family Farm
Seed Supplier: Hélène Valois, Seminova
Transplant Suppliers: Schurman Family Farm and Strawberry Hill Farm