The document discusses plans for establishing a permanent human colony on Mars. It outlines infrastructure needs like residential capsules made of materials that can withstand radiation, as well as agriculture, oxygen production from cyanobacteria, and using local metals for construction. Electricity would be generated from solar and nuclear power. Transportation would rely on rovers, shuttles, and satellites. Radiation protection, waste disposal, physical exercise, and entertainment are also addressed. The estimated material expenses for various aspects of the colony over its first 10 years are provided.

2. Presented by:
Saad Rafiq Awan
Umair Ahmed
Shehsawar Azeem
Shammas Bilal

4. Conspiracies about NASA moon
mission
 Why the flag was waving
while there is no air on the
moon?
 NASA’s reply:
It was weaving because of
aluminum wires and very
low gravity.

5. CONSPIRACY no 2
 How such sharp
footprints of astronauts
appeared on the moon
while there is no
moisture?
 NASA’s reply:
i). The soil is soft.
ii).No air.

6. Overview:
 Info about Mars
 Launching and landing
 Structural Design
 Infrastructure
 Human Factors
 Life Support
 Oxygen Production
 Transportation
 Entertainment
 Food Sourcing
 Automation
 Economics
 Communication

7. Distance from Earth is 225 million Km
Distance from sun is 228 million Km
Planetary diameter is 6779 Km
Planetary radius is 3390 Km
Surface gravity is 3.711 m/s2
Temperature at day time 50ºC
Temperature at night time -145ºC

12.  Presence of water
 Surface gravity is 3.711 m/s
 Axis tilt is 25.19 degrees
 One martian year is 1.88 earth years
2

13. Extraction sites
 Mars surface has high
concentrations of iron,
Ni , Si , Al , Cu etc
 It will be used for
construction of spacecraft
and buildings(all sectors)
 Extraction by bacteria

14. We will use antimatter as fuel.
10 mg of antimatter is needed
It will take only 45 days
According to E=mc we will get tremendous
energy.
2

15. Safe Landing
An electromagnetic platform will be used for
safe landing of the Spaceships and
spacecrafts.
The lower surface of the spaceships would
be electromagnetic as well.
Plasma heat shield will be used.

16. Infrastructure
Residential area
Nuclear reactors(completely
isolated)
Industrial and agricultural area
Commercial area
Space Launching System

17. Infrastructure:
 Instead of complete dome covered area,
pressurized, same gravity as Earth, large
capsules would be built.
 Infrastructure would be made by Aluminum, Lead
and other metals which can prevent radiations.
 Commercial areas.
 Roads with solar panels made from silicon.
 Water extraction plant.

18. Infrastructure (Continued):
 Wind Mills would also be effective.
 Back up Space Stations with rockets.
 Communication Towers.
 Indoor horticulture.
 Extraction industries of metal such iron,
platinum lead etc.
Ceramics and bricks (from baking regolith)

19.  Carbondioxide is 95.3 % nitrogen is 2.7 %
and oxygen and other noble gases are 0.4
%
 Density of atmosphere is 0.6 % of earth

21.  Presence of liquid water and ice water
on martian surface(north pole)
 Melting ice caps
 Hydrolysis of water
 Each ECLSS is able to collect 1500
liters of water and 365 kilograms of
oxygen in 365 days time.

22.  NFT
 Enhanced O2
production
 GM plants
 Harvesting
 Storage
 LED lights
Agricultural Sector

23.  Production of oxygen through Cyanobacteria
 Production of oxygen through :
KO2 + CO2 K2CO3(s) + O2(g)
CO2 + H2 CH4 + O2
 Oxygen can be separated from metal oxides present
in large quantity on mars.

25. Agricultural Sector
•Super blue green algae
•Eatable fungi (basidiomycetes)
•Natural breeding
•Cloning
•Storage houses

26. RESIDENTIAL AREA
 There will be 1000 house( 5 members in each)
 Houses will be made from silica bricks and
metals extracted from mars.
 Life support unit will provide electricity and
oxygen.
 Protection from solar winds from high standing or
revolving magnets.

27. Structural Design:
Horticulture
Residency
Water Production
CO2 Absorption
O2 Production Plant
Communications

28. Basic Necessities:
 Better communications
 Weather resistant residency
 Agricultural lands (uneconomical from
earth)
 Schools, offices, parks, hospitals etc

29. Can We Breathe on Mars?
Mars does have an atmosphere, but it is
about 100 times thinner than Earth's
atmosphere and it has very little oxygen.
The atmosphere on Mars is made up of
mainly carbon dioxide. An astronaut
on Mars would not be able to breathe the
Martian air and would need a spacesuit
with oxygen to work outdoors.

30. Striving for Better Living Standards
 The utmost necessity is provision of oxygen
(available 0.13%).
 To resist extreme weather conditions, houses
will be made from silica bricks and metals
extracted from mars.
 Provision of electricity.
 Protection from solar winds from high standing
or revolving magnets.
 Protection from Bremsstrahlung (braking cosmic
radiations), absence of ozone.

31. The Life Support Unit will provide following necessities.

32. Electricity
 It will be generated through photovoltaic
(solar) cells.
 Through the nuclear power plant (fission
of He3 and electrons in thermonuclear
plants) – most suitable.
 Through solar winds.

33. Electricity from solar winds
• Through
thermonuclear
reactors
• Nuclear fusion can
be controlled by
magnetic fields and
electromagnetic
radiations.
3He + 3He → 4He + 2 1p+ 12.86 MeV

34. It takes about 6 to 8 weeks in voyage
from Earth to Mars!
Do You Know ?

35. Interesting Information
Mars One is a not-for-profit organization
based in the Netherlands that has put forward
conceptual plans to establish a permanent
human colony on Mars by 2025.
Whereas in a major space policy speech at
Kennedy Space Center in 2010, U.S.
President Barack Obama predicted a
manned Mars mission to orbit the planet by
the mid-2030s, followed by a landing:
“By the mid-2030s, I believe we can send
humans to orbit Mars and return them safely
to Earth”.

36.  Cosmic rays from sun enters the mars
 Radiation deflectors shields of plasma are
built
 Orbiting ferromagnets around mars would
create artificial magnetosphere.
 Aluminum and Polyetheneplastics are
effective against radiation.

37. Advance water treatment technology
99.9% purity
UV radiations
Parabolic mirrors
Greenhouse effect
Solar driven electric stoves

38.  Human and animal waste will be used to
produce biogas
 Radio active waste will be disposed off
 Industrial waste:
1. Recyclable
2. Non recyclable

39.  Labor robots
 Trained engineers
 Galileo navigated rovers
 Artificial intelligence servers to instruct
robots

40.  Rovers
(automated motor
vehicles)
 Hybrid engines
(work on batteries)
 Space shuttles
 Cargo shuttles
Transportation

41. Communication
 Aerostationary satellite navigation
system(17000km)
 Galileo satellite navigation system
 1.1 to 1.6 GHz frequency (electromagnetic waves
 Tranceivers (two way communication)

42. Physical Exercise:
 Physical Exercises
are as important as
food intake.
 Bone decay Issue
 Training of people
 Healthy Life

43.  Cinemas
 Gyms
 Clubs
 Dancing floors
 Electricity from footsteps

44. material Expenses ( US
dollars)
duration
1. mars suits(7000) 100 million 2 years
2. Robots and
rovers( 200 )
200 million 2 years
3. Nuclear plant 5 billion 4 years
4. Space shuttle 500 million per
program
5 years
5. Anti matter( fuel) 250 million 1 year
6. Jobs 500 million 3 years
7. agriculture 50 million 2 years
8. others 500 million