Collective bargaining is a process where labor union representatives and business organization representatives meet to negotiate an agreement specifying the employee-employer relationship. The objectives of collective bargaining include freedom of expression, facilitating issue resolution, maintaining equality, preventing future conflicts/disputes, promoting industrial democracy, and negotiating employment terms. The collective bargaining process involves union claims, management proposals, third party referrals, and potentially reaching a collective agreement. Successful collective bargaining requires skills like problem solving, flexibility, securing support, and continuous dialogue.

1. COLLECTIVE BARGAINING

2. “Collective Bargaining is a process in which the representatives of a labour
organization & the representatives of business organization meet and attempt to
negotiate a contract or agreement, which specifies the nature of employee-
employer union relationship”. – FLIPPO
Definition:-

4. OBJECTIVES OF COLLECTIVE BARGAINING
• Freedom to express
• Facilitate solution of issues
• Maintain Equality
• Prevent any conflict/disputes in the future
• Promote Industrial Democracy
• To provide stable and peaceful organization
• Negotiate terms of employment.
• Rule-making Function

5. Collective Agreement
Union claim Management proposal
3rd party
Referral
Process Of Collective
Bargaining

6. CHAMBERLAIN MODEL ----This model focus on determinants of bargaining power and the ways in which
changes in these determinants lead to settlement in the majority of collective Bargain power as the ability to secure
your opponents agreement to your terms thus union bargaining is defined as:
CONDITION:- If the management estimates that it is or costly to agree than disagree ,management will choose
to disagree and there by reject the union terms and vice-versa. once again if union believes that it is more costly to
agree than disagree with managements offer whenever denominator grater than numerator.

9. 1. Conjunctive or Distributive Bargaining: In this form of collective bargaining, both the parties viz. The employee
and the employer try to maximize their respective gains. It is based on the principle, “my gain is your loss, and
your gain is my loss” i.e. one party wins over the other.
2. Co-operative or Integrative Bargaining: Both the employee and the employer sit together and try to resolve the
problems of their common interest and reach to an amicable solution. In the case of economic crisis, such as
recession, which is beyond the control of either party, may enter into a mutual agreement with respect to the
working terms. Win-win situation.
3. Productivity Bargaining: This type of bargaining is done by the management, where the workers are given the
incentives or the bonus for the increased productivity. The workers get encouraged and work very hard to reach
beyond the standard level of productivity to gain the additional benefits.
4. Composite Bargaining:- labour bargains for wages as usual but goes a step further demanding equity in matters
relating to work norms, employment levels, manning standards etc. Through composite bargaining unions are able
to prevent the dilution of their powers and ensure justice to workers by putting certain limits on the freedom of
employers.

10. Prepare
Settlement
Propose
Discuses
Bargain
STEPS IN
COLLECTIVE
BARGAINING
1
5
4
2
3

11. 1.Prepare:-This phase involves composition of a negotiation team. The negotiation team should consist of
representatives of both the parties with adequate knowledge and skills for negotiation.
2. Discuss:- the parties decide the ground rules that will guide the negotiations.
3. Propose:-this phase could be described as brainstorming‘. The exchange of messages takes place and opinion of
both the parties is sought.
4. Bargain:-This stage comprises the time when what ifs‘ and supposals‘ are set forth and the drafting of agreements
take place.
5. Settlement:-This stage is described as consisting of effective joint implementation of the agreement through shared
visions, strategic planning and negotiated change.

12. Skills required for collective bargaining
 Problem Solving Attitude
 give and take policy
 mutual recognition
 Securing support
 Line of communication
 Conflict resolution
 flexibility
 Continuous Dialogue
 Agreement

13. Collective bargaining is which type of approach?

14. POOJA SINGH
ROLL NO:- 26