The document discusses how promoting the cultivation of medicinal plants can help double farmer's incomes in India. It notes rising global demand for herbal products presents an opportunity. Key points made include: (1) Medicinal plant cultivation can utilize marginal lands and provide stable incomes compared to crops like bajra; (2) Government schemes support medicinal plant nurseries and cultivation; (3) Research institutes are involved in development of medicinal plant cultivation. In conclusion, the untapped market potential offers opportunities for farmers to generate income through medicinal plant farming.
POST-HARVEST MANAGEMENT OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTSSubham Dwivedi
This document discusses the post-harvest management of medicinal and aromatic plants. It describes that post-harvest management includes cleaning, sorting, packaging, storage, transportation and distribution of harvested crops. It provides technical details of harvesting, drying, packing, storage, transportation and the equipment used. It emphasizes the importance of hygiene, cleaning, sorting and grading of harvested materials and stresses the need for training of personnel involved in post-harvest activities.
Essential oil extraction methods of aromatic cropsAnkush Singh
This document discusses essential oil extraction methods from aromatic crops. It describes six main methods: steam distillation, water distillation, expression, solvent extraction, maceration, and enfluerage. Steam distillation involves using steam to open oil pockets in plant material and collecting the oils through condensation. Solvent extraction uses solvents like ethanol or n-hexane to extract oils at room temperature from seeds. Maceration gently heats plant material in melted fat to absorb and extract volatile oils.
This document summarizes information about Andrographis paniculata, a plant native to India and Sri Lanka. It discusses the plant's names in various languages, its morphology and parts used, as well as its main chemical constituent andrographolide. The document also outlines the plant's pharmacological actions including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, antimalarial and anti-HIV effects. Finally, it discusses the plant's traditional medicinal uses and potential side effects.
Turmeric is commonly used as a spice in cooking and has many potential health benefits. It contains curcumin and other curcuminoids that act as powerful antioxidants and may help treat arthritis, cancer, liver and heart conditions. Curcumin can reduce inflammation, break down amyloid plaques associated with Alzheimer's, and help treat depression by modulating neurotransmitters. Turmeric is generally well tolerated but high doses may cause side effects like bleeding risk when combined with blood thinners or hypoglycemia. More research is still needed on its mechanisms and effectiveness for various diseases.
This document provides information on several medicinal crops found in India, including black pepper, cardamom, clove, ginger, turmeric, betel vine, periwinkle, rauvolfia, dioscorea, and isabgol. For each crop, it discusses where the crop is native to, where it is cultivated in India, botanical details of the plant, medicinal properties and uses of the plant parts, and methods of propagation. The document aims to classify and describe important medicinal plants in India based on their common name, botanical name, family, distribution, botanical details, medicinal uses, and propagation.
Tamarind is a plant with various parts that are used in herbal medicine. It contains organic acids, vitamins, minerals, fats, and other compounds. Its uses include as a laxative, for weight loss, and as an antioxidant. It has anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-viral properties. Tamarind can interact with anti-diabetic drugs and blood glucose levels, so monitoring is recommended when using it. Potential side effects include increased bleeding risk when combined with other drugs and lowering blood sugar levels.
The document discusses how promoting the cultivation of medicinal plants can help double farmer's incomes in India. It notes rising global demand for herbal products presents an opportunity. Key points made include: (1) Medicinal plant cultivation can utilize marginal lands and provide stable incomes compared to crops like bajra; (2) Government schemes support medicinal plant nurseries and cultivation; (3) Research institutes are involved in development of medicinal plant cultivation. In conclusion, the untapped market potential offers opportunities for farmers to generate income through medicinal plant farming.
POST-HARVEST MANAGEMENT OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTSSubham Dwivedi
This document discusses the post-harvest management of medicinal and aromatic plants. It describes that post-harvest management includes cleaning, sorting, packaging, storage, transportation and distribution of harvested crops. It provides technical details of harvesting, drying, packing, storage, transportation and the equipment used. It emphasizes the importance of hygiene, cleaning, sorting and grading of harvested materials and stresses the need for training of personnel involved in post-harvest activities.
Essential oil extraction methods of aromatic cropsAnkush Singh
This document discusses essential oil extraction methods from aromatic crops. It describes six main methods: steam distillation, water distillation, expression, solvent extraction, maceration, and enfluerage. Steam distillation involves using steam to open oil pockets in plant material and collecting the oils through condensation. Solvent extraction uses solvents like ethanol or n-hexane to extract oils at room temperature from seeds. Maceration gently heats plant material in melted fat to absorb and extract volatile oils.
This document summarizes information about Andrographis paniculata, a plant native to India and Sri Lanka. It discusses the plant's names in various languages, its morphology and parts used, as well as its main chemical constituent andrographolide. The document also outlines the plant's pharmacological actions including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, antimalarial and anti-HIV effects. Finally, it discusses the plant's traditional medicinal uses and potential side effects.
Turmeric is commonly used as a spice in cooking and has many potential health benefits. It contains curcumin and other curcuminoids that act as powerful antioxidants and may help treat arthritis, cancer, liver and heart conditions. Curcumin can reduce inflammation, break down amyloid plaques associated with Alzheimer's, and help treat depression by modulating neurotransmitters. Turmeric is generally well tolerated but high doses may cause side effects like bleeding risk when combined with blood thinners or hypoglycemia. More research is still needed on its mechanisms and effectiveness for various diseases.
This document provides information on several medicinal crops found in India, including black pepper, cardamom, clove, ginger, turmeric, betel vine, periwinkle, rauvolfia, dioscorea, and isabgol. For each crop, it discusses where the crop is native to, where it is cultivated in India, botanical details of the plant, medicinal properties and uses of the plant parts, and methods of propagation. The document aims to classify and describe important medicinal plants in India based on their common name, botanical name, family, distribution, botanical details, medicinal uses, and propagation.
Tamarind is a plant with various parts that are used in herbal medicine. It contains organic acids, vitamins, minerals, fats, and other compounds. Its uses include as a laxative, for weight loss, and as an antioxidant. It has anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-viral properties. Tamarind can interact with anti-diabetic drugs and blood glucose levels, so monitoring is recommended when using it. Potential side effects include increased bleeding risk when combined with other drugs and lowering blood sugar levels.
This document discusses the field of ethnobotany, which studies the relationship between societies and plants. It provides examples of traditional medicine systems in Asia that incorporate extensive knowledge of herbal medicines, including Ayurveda (India), Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tibetan medicine, and Unani medicine. The document notes that ethnobotany is important for the conservation of medicinal plant resources and community development. It discusses specific ethnobotanical studies conducted in India, China, and Northeast India to document traditional knowledge and its application to sustainable management of medicinal plant resources.
Cultivation,collection, processing,Preservation and Storage of Important Medi...Ujjwal Mandal
Ujjwal Mandal presents on the cultivation, collection, processing, preservation, and storage of important medicinal plants. Key points discussed include:
1. Medicinal plants are cultivated using sexual propagation from seeds or asexual propagation from vegetative parts. Factors like altitude, temperature, rainfall, soil properties, and fertilizers impact cultivation.
2. After cultivation, plants are collected and processed which may involve drying, cutting, or packing. Proper drying prevents microbial growth.
3. Storage of crude drugs requires packaging to protect from moisture, microbes, and rodents. Properties of each plant guide appropriate storage and packaging.
4. Ashwagandha and tulsi are discussed
This document summarizes information about Coriandrum Sativum L., commonly known as coriander or cilantro. It contains essential oils such as linalool and fatty oils like oleic acid. Coriander has various pharmacological actions including being aromatic, anti-arthritic, stimulating digestive secretions, and being anti-ulcer, anti-lipidemic, anti-spasmodic, and more. The daily dose is 1-3 grams of powdered seeds or a freshly prepared cup of infusion between meals. Overdose may cause liver damage and skin sensitivity. It should be used cautiously during pregnancy and lactation.
This document summarizes information about the plant Coleus forskohlii. It discusses the traditional uses of the plant in various countries to treat conditions like stomachaches, nausea, and gastritis. It also describes the cultural practices for growing the plant, including soil and climate preferences, propagation methods, fertilizer use, and pest and disease management. The key active compound in Coleus forskohlii is forskolin, and extraction methods and uses of forskolin and Coleus forskohlii products are outlined.
Ethnobotany: Definition, Development, Impact on traditional medicines & herba...VarshaSrivastav
Ethnobotany is the study of relationships between people and plants. It examines how human cultures interact with and use indigenous plants. Ethnobotany has impacted traditional medicine by informing the evaluation and discovery of herbal drugs. Proper harvesting, processing, and storage of plants as described by ethnobotanical knowledge helps ensure conservation and safe preparation of medicinal plants. Skills in botany, anthropology, and linguistics are required to understand a culture's plant perceptions and terminology. Examples of important drugs derived from ethnobotanical approaches include artemisinin, codeine, and tetrahydrocannabinol.
This document discusses aromatic plants and their uses. It provides an introduction to aromatic plants and essential oils. It then discusses the scope for aromatic plant cultivation in India and describes several specific aromatic plant types in more detail, including their botanical names, families, where they are grown, chemical contents, and uses. Key aromatic plants discussed are lavender, rose, lemongrass, chamomile, marigold, mint, and rosemary. The document emphasizes the importance of aromatic plants and their essential oils to industries like perfumery, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and more.
This document provides information on several medicinal and aromatic plants including lemongrass, eucalyptus, basil, and long pepper. It describes their systematic position, species, varieties, uses of essential oils, and important breeding programs. The lemongrass section provides details on four main Cymbopogon species and nine popular varieties cultivated in India. Eucalyptus citriodora and E. globulus are outlined as the most common eucalyptus species grown. Sweet basil and holy basil are highlighted among the Ocimum genus, and eleven of their varieties are listed. Lastly, long pepper is native to South Asia and its spikes and roots contain medicinal alkaloids.
This document provides information on Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), including its botanical classification, traditional medicinal uses, growth requirements, cultivation practices, and yield. It states that Ashwagandha is traditionally used in Ayurveda to treat various symptoms and conditions. The document describes the plant's preferred soil and climate conditions, methods of propagation, planting, fertilization, harvesting, and post-harvest practices. It concludes by stating the typical yield range of 400-1200 kg/ha of dried roots and 200-500 kg/ha of seeds.
Medicinal plants importance,scope and uses.ShekhAlisha
A considerable number of definitions have been proposed for the term 'medicinal plant'. According
to the World Health Organization, "a medicinal plant is any plant which, in one or more of its
organs/parts, contains substances that can be used for therapeutic purposes, or which are precursors for
chemo-pharmaceutical semi synthesis"
The document discusses the importance of conserving medicinal plants and the strategies used for their conservation. It notes that many medicinal plants are threatened by habitat loss, overharvesting, and other issues. Conservation aims to protect these species and maintain biodiversity for future use. The main conservation strategies are in-situ conservation of plants in their natural habitats through protected areas like biosphere reserves and national parks, and ex-situ conservation of plants outside their natural habitats in facilities like botanical gardens, field gene banks, and cryobanks. Both approaches aim to preserve genetic diversity and ensure the long-term survival of medicinal plant species.
The document discusses adulteration of herbal drugs, including the various methods of adulteration such as substitution with inferior or exhausted drugs, artificially manufactured substances, or harmful adulterants. It also discusses the reasons for adulteration like confusion in names, high prices, or intention to increase profits. Various types of adulteration are described like direct substitution or indirect unintentional adulteration. Methods to measure adulteration are outlined, including organoleptic, microscopic, chemical, physical, biological, and analytical evaluations.
Ginger is a botanical that originates from Zingiber officinale. It contains chemical constituents like gingerol and shogaol. Ginger has medicinal uses as an anti-bacterial, to decrease cholesterol and joint pain from arthritis, and as an anti-inflammatory. High doses of ginger can cause side effects like heartburn, diarrhea, and skin irritation when applied. Ginger can be consumed fresh, dried, or in teas and drinks, with most research using 250mg to 1g per day. Ginger may interact with anticoagulants, anti-diabetes drugs, and blood pressure medications.
This document discusses the medicinal plant Asparagus racemosus, commonly known as Satavari. It is a herbaceous plant found throughout India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. In Ayurveda, it is known as the "Queen of Herbs" as it promotes health, love, and devotion. It has many medicinal uses including as a brain tonic, uterine tonic, fertility enhancer, and lactation promoter. The document outlines the plant's taxonomy, distribution, uses in Ayurveda and other traditional medicine, cultivation practices, and concluded that further research is needed to document its traditional uses.
Nutmeg comes from the dried kernel of seeds from the Myristica fragrans tree native to the Molucca Islands. The trees are cultivated for their fruit, which contain nutmeg seeds surrounded by a red aril known as mace. Nutmegs are harvested, dried, and processed to remove the seed coat. Microscopically, nutmeg has a lustrous brown perisperm surrounding a light brown endosperm. Nutmeg contains volatile oils including myristicin and elemicin, as well as fat, protein, starch, and other compounds. It is used as a carminative, astringent, and to reduce flatulence and nausea, and can be distilled to produce nut
Satavari is an herb known as Asparagus racemosus that grows in tropical regions. It is used in Ayurvedic medicine, particularly for women's health issues like threatened abortion, safe delivery, and as a galactogogue. The root is harvested after 2 years, dried, and used to make infusions, tinctures, or preserves. It contains steroidal saponins that are thought to contribute to its anti-oxytocic and uterine blocking activities valued in Ayurvedic medicine.
Ashwagandha is a plant from the Solanaceae family that is used in Ayurvedic medicine. It grows as a short shrub and its long, brown, tuberous roots are used for medicinal purposes. Ashwagandha is cultivated in drier regions of India and can tolerate temperatures from 20 to 38°C. Traditionally, it has been used to treat tumors, tuberculosis, and anxiety and research suggests it may help reduce cholesterol and improve sperm quality. Potential side effects include stomach upset, diarrhea, vomiting, and lowered blood pressure.
Neem and its cultivation and active constituents or phyto chemicals.ChetanChauhan123
Azadirachta indica, commonly known as neem, is a tree that is native to India and widely cultivated in tropical and semi-tropical regions. Neem has many uses in agriculture, cosmetics, and medicine. It is an important tree in Ayurvedic medicine and is known as "Sarva Roga Nivarini", meaning it is a cure for all types of ailments. Neem contains several active chemical compounds that give it insect repellent, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and anti-inflammatory properties. All parts of the neem tree, including the bark, leaves, seeds, and oil, are used for both external
Herbs as raw materials.ppt by Dr.U.Srinivasa, Professor and Head, Srinivas Co...SrinivasUmmanabad
This document discusses herbs and herbal materials used as raw materials in herbal medicine. It defines what an herb is from a pharmacological perspective and distinguishes medicinal herbs from botanical terms. The document outlines the key differences between herbal and conventional medicines. It also describes the various types of herbal materials, preparations, and finished products that can be made from herbs. Finally, it discusses the important steps involved in the selection, identification, processing and production of herbal raw materials.
This document discusses the field of ethnobotany, which studies the relationship between societies and plants. It provides examples of traditional medicine systems in Asia that incorporate extensive knowledge of herbal medicines, including Ayurveda (India), Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tibetan medicine, and Unani medicine. The document notes that ethnobotany is important for the conservation of medicinal plant resources and community development. It discusses specific ethnobotanical studies conducted in India, China, and Northeast India to document traditional knowledge and its application to sustainable management of medicinal plant resources.
Cultivation,collection, processing,Preservation and Storage of Important Medi...Ujjwal Mandal
Ujjwal Mandal presents on the cultivation, collection, processing, preservation, and storage of important medicinal plants. Key points discussed include:
1. Medicinal plants are cultivated using sexual propagation from seeds or asexual propagation from vegetative parts. Factors like altitude, temperature, rainfall, soil properties, and fertilizers impact cultivation.
2. After cultivation, plants are collected and processed which may involve drying, cutting, or packing. Proper drying prevents microbial growth.
3. Storage of crude drugs requires packaging to protect from moisture, microbes, and rodents. Properties of each plant guide appropriate storage and packaging.
4. Ashwagandha and tulsi are discussed
This document summarizes information about Coriandrum Sativum L., commonly known as coriander or cilantro. It contains essential oils such as linalool and fatty oils like oleic acid. Coriander has various pharmacological actions including being aromatic, anti-arthritic, stimulating digestive secretions, and being anti-ulcer, anti-lipidemic, anti-spasmodic, and more. The daily dose is 1-3 grams of powdered seeds or a freshly prepared cup of infusion between meals. Overdose may cause liver damage and skin sensitivity. It should be used cautiously during pregnancy and lactation.
This document summarizes information about the plant Coleus forskohlii. It discusses the traditional uses of the plant in various countries to treat conditions like stomachaches, nausea, and gastritis. It also describes the cultural practices for growing the plant, including soil and climate preferences, propagation methods, fertilizer use, and pest and disease management. The key active compound in Coleus forskohlii is forskolin, and extraction methods and uses of forskolin and Coleus forskohlii products are outlined.
Ethnobotany: Definition, Development, Impact on traditional medicines & herba...VarshaSrivastav
Ethnobotany is the study of relationships between people and plants. It examines how human cultures interact with and use indigenous plants. Ethnobotany has impacted traditional medicine by informing the evaluation and discovery of herbal drugs. Proper harvesting, processing, and storage of plants as described by ethnobotanical knowledge helps ensure conservation and safe preparation of medicinal plants. Skills in botany, anthropology, and linguistics are required to understand a culture's plant perceptions and terminology. Examples of important drugs derived from ethnobotanical approaches include artemisinin, codeine, and tetrahydrocannabinol.
This document discusses aromatic plants and their uses. It provides an introduction to aromatic plants and essential oils. It then discusses the scope for aromatic plant cultivation in India and describes several specific aromatic plant types in more detail, including their botanical names, families, where they are grown, chemical contents, and uses. Key aromatic plants discussed are lavender, rose, lemongrass, chamomile, marigold, mint, and rosemary. The document emphasizes the importance of aromatic plants and their essential oils to industries like perfumery, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and more.
This document provides information on several medicinal and aromatic plants including lemongrass, eucalyptus, basil, and long pepper. It describes their systematic position, species, varieties, uses of essential oils, and important breeding programs. The lemongrass section provides details on four main Cymbopogon species and nine popular varieties cultivated in India. Eucalyptus citriodora and E. globulus are outlined as the most common eucalyptus species grown. Sweet basil and holy basil are highlighted among the Ocimum genus, and eleven of their varieties are listed. Lastly, long pepper is native to South Asia and its spikes and roots contain medicinal alkaloids.
This document provides information on Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), including its botanical classification, traditional medicinal uses, growth requirements, cultivation practices, and yield. It states that Ashwagandha is traditionally used in Ayurveda to treat various symptoms and conditions. The document describes the plant's preferred soil and climate conditions, methods of propagation, planting, fertilization, harvesting, and post-harvest practices. It concludes by stating the typical yield range of 400-1200 kg/ha of dried roots and 200-500 kg/ha of seeds.
Medicinal plants importance,scope and uses.ShekhAlisha
A considerable number of definitions have been proposed for the term 'medicinal plant'. According
to the World Health Organization, "a medicinal plant is any plant which, in one or more of its
organs/parts, contains substances that can be used for therapeutic purposes, or which are precursors for
chemo-pharmaceutical semi synthesis"
The document discusses the importance of conserving medicinal plants and the strategies used for their conservation. It notes that many medicinal plants are threatened by habitat loss, overharvesting, and other issues. Conservation aims to protect these species and maintain biodiversity for future use. The main conservation strategies are in-situ conservation of plants in their natural habitats through protected areas like biosphere reserves and national parks, and ex-situ conservation of plants outside their natural habitats in facilities like botanical gardens, field gene banks, and cryobanks. Both approaches aim to preserve genetic diversity and ensure the long-term survival of medicinal plant species.
The document discusses adulteration of herbal drugs, including the various methods of adulteration such as substitution with inferior or exhausted drugs, artificially manufactured substances, or harmful adulterants. It also discusses the reasons for adulteration like confusion in names, high prices, or intention to increase profits. Various types of adulteration are described like direct substitution or indirect unintentional adulteration. Methods to measure adulteration are outlined, including organoleptic, microscopic, chemical, physical, biological, and analytical evaluations.
Ginger is a botanical that originates from Zingiber officinale. It contains chemical constituents like gingerol and shogaol. Ginger has medicinal uses as an anti-bacterial, to decrease cholesterol and joint pain from arthritis, and as an anti-inflammatory. High doses of ginger can cause side effects like heartburn, diarrhea, and skin irritation when applied. Ginger can be consumed fresh, dried, or in teas and drinks, with most research using 250mg to 1g per day. Ginger may interact with anticoagulants, anti-diabetes drugs, and blood pressure medications.
This document discusses the medicinal plant Asparagus racemosus, commonly known as Satavari. It is a herbaceous plant found throughout India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. In Ayurveda, it is known as the "Queen of Herbs" as it promotes health, love, and devotion. It has many medicinal uses including as a brain tonic, uterine tonic, fertility enhancer, and lactation promoter. The document outlines the plant's taxonomy, distribution, uses in Ayurveda and other traditional medicine, cultivation practices, and concluded that further research is needed to document its traditional uses.
Nutmeg comes from the dried kernel of seeds from the Myristica fragrans tree native to the Molucca Islands. The trees are cultivated for their fruit, which contain nutmeg seeds surrounded by a red aril known as mace. Nutmegs are harvested, dried, and processed to remove the seed coat. Microscopically, nutmeg has a lustrous brown perisperm surrounding a light brown endosperm. Nutmeg contains volatile oils including myristicin and elemicin, as well as fat, protein, starch, and other compounds. It is used as a carminative, astringent, and to reduce flatulence and nausea, and can be distilled to produce nut
Satavari is an herb known as Asparagus racemosus that grows in tropical regions. It is used in Ayurvedic medicine, particularly for women's health issues like threatened abortion, safe delivery, and as a galactogogue. The root is harvested after 2 years, dried, and used to make infusions, tinctures, or preserves. It contains steroidal saponins that are thought to contribute to its anti-oxytocic and uterine blocking activities valued in Ayurvedic medicine.
Ashwagandha is a plant from the Solanaceae family that is used in Ayurvedic medicine. It grows as a short shrub and its long, brown, tuberous roots are used for medicinal purposes. Ashwagandha is cultivated in drier regions of India and can tolerate temperatures from 20 to 38°C. Traditionally, it has been used to treat tumors, tuberculosis, and anxiety and research suggests it may help reduce cholesterol and improve sperm quality. Potential side effects include stomach upset, diarrhea, vomiting, and lowered blood pressure.
Neem and its cultivation and active constituents or phyto chemicals.ChetanChauhan123
Azadirachta indica, commonly known as neem, is a tree that is native to India and widely cultivated in tropical and semi-tropical regions. Neem has many uses in agriculture, cosmetics, and medicine. It is an important tree in Ayurvedic medicine and is known as "Sarva Roga Nivarini", meaning it is a cure for all types of ailments. Neem contains several active chemical compounds that give it insect repellent, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and anti-inflammatory properties. All parts of the neem tree, including the bark, leaves, seeds, and oil, are used for both external
Herbs as raw materials.ppt by Dr.U.Srinivasa, Professor and Head, Srinivas Co...SrinivasUmmanabad
This document discusses herbs and herbal materials used as raw materials in herbal medicine. It defines what an herb is from a pharmacological perspective and distinguishes medicinal herbs from botanical terms. The document outlines the key differences between herbal and conventional medicines. It also describes the various types of herbal materials, preparations, and finished products that can be made from herbs. Finally, it discusses the important steps involved in the selection, identification, processing and production of herbal raw materials.
Ujjwal Mandal presents on the cultivation, collection, processing, preservation, and storage of important medicinal plants. Key points discussed include:
1. Medicinal plants are cultivated using sexual propagation from seeds or asexual propagation from vegetative parts. Factors like altitude, temperature, rainfall, soil properties, and fertilizers impact cultivation.
2. After cultivation, plants are collected and processed which may involve drying, cutting, or packing. Proper drying prevents microbial growth.
3. Storage of crude drugs requires packaging to protect from moisture, microbes, and rodents. Properties of each plant guide appropriate storage and packaging methods.
4. Ashwagandha and tulsi are
This document discusses the tissue culture of Aloe vera. It describes how Aloe vera is propagated through suckers and offshoots from mature plants. The document outlines the process of explant sterilization, culture media used, and culture conditions for micropropagation of Aloe vera. Shoots are proliferated on solid and liquid MS media. Microshoots are rooted on MS media with and without hormones. The regenerated plantlets are acclimatized and hardened before transferring to natural conditions. Aloe vera is used widely in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals due to its medicinal properties and demand is increasing.
This document provides an overview of herbal drug technology and the Indian system of medicine. It discusses herbs as raw materials, including their definition and uses. It also covers biodynamic agriculture principles and Good Agricultural Practices for cultivating medicinal plants. The document discusses various processing steps for herbal raw materials. It provides details on the Ayurveda and Siddha systems of traditional Indian medicine, including their basic principles and approaches to treatment. Pest control methods for medicinal plants are also summarized, including the use of biopesticides derived from plants.
Processing technology and value added food products of medicinal plantsDrSKGOYAL
Medicinal plants have many uses including in medicine, cosmetics, herbal drinks and foods. They contain important secondary metabolites. Processing of medicinal plants involves harvesting, drying, size reduction and extraction. Sun drying and mechanical dryers are common drying methods. Size is reduced using crushers, grinders and cutting machines. Important plants discussed include Ashwagandha, Stevia, Isabgol and Safed Musli. They provide chemicals like saponins, glycosides and menthol. Products include essential oils, extracts and drugs.
Unit I herbs as raw materials, biodynamic agriculture.pptPradnya Wadekar
The document discusses the syllabus for a course on herbs and herbal medicines. It covers topics like the definition of herbs, herbal medicines, and herbal products. It also discusses the sources of herbs, selection and identification of herbal materials, cultivation practices, and processing of herbal raw materials. The key steps in processing include sorting, washing, parboiling, drying, cutting, aging, extraction etc.
Cultivation and collection of drugs of natural originDiksha Kataria
The document discusses the cultivation, collection, and storage of drugs from natural sources. It covers the advantages of cultivation over wild collection, including ensuring quality and supply. Methods of propagation discussed are sexual (seed) and asexual (vegetative). Collection involves harvesting plants at optimal times and processing like drying, slicing, and removing foreign matter. Drying methods depend on the drug's constituents and can be natural or artificial. Finally, proper storage of crude drugs in sealed, cool, dry areas protects them from degradation.
This document discusses organic cultivation practices for several herbal spices. It provides details on:
1) What constitutes organic farming and its principles. 2) Common herbal spices used for seasoning like basil, mint, rosemary and thyme. 3) Organic cultivation of sacred basil/tulsi including uses, varieties, soil and climate needs, nursery preparation and management practices. 4) Similar details are provided for other mints and their main oil constituents.
The document discusses Tulsi (holy basil), including its varieties found in India, parts of the plant, cultivation methods, harvesting, and medicinal uses. Tulsi has a number of health benefits and is widely grown in homes and farms across India. Proper soil preparation, planting, care, harvesting, and processing are required to successfully cultivate Tulsi. The government provides loans and subsidies to support farmers growing this medicinal crop.
Economic use of plant resources, Medicinal Plants, gardening. All the basic garden plants along with gardening techniques, beneficial plants and their acitve components, cultivation practices, useful plants along with their botanical name and family. Medicinal plants, also called medicinal herbs, have been discovered and used in traditional medicine practices since prehistoric times. Plants synthesize hundreds of chemical compounds for various functions, including defense and protection against insects, fungi, diseases, and herbivorous mammals.Owing to fast paced world that we are living in, we are getting far from the nature. While the lifestyle that we live can have adverse effect on us, it is important to know that by introducing small changes in our daily life can go a long way in keeping us healthy and energetic. Therefore, the importance of Ayurveda holds true in today’s life as it is based on the principal of bringing us close to nature and relying on its natural powers to cure us and keep us healthy without any side effects.
Thanks to the use of natural ingredients and medicinal herbs, Ayurvedic medicines and products today have become a symbol of safety in contrast to synthetic drugs that are considered unsafe and hazardous for overall health.
One way of understanding the basic fundamentals of Indian Ayurved is to spend more time with nature and observe the plants and herbs. Each plant or herb has a specific quality and can be used to treat multitude of ailments and diseases. Medicinal plants like aloe, turmeric, tulsi, pepper, elachi and ginger are commonly used in a number of Ayurvedic home remedies and are considered to be the best aid among fighting ailments related to throat and skin. As a rich source of nutrients, anti-bacterial and antioxidant properties, ayurvedic herbs are non-toxic in nature and so the products or remedies made using them are often recommended for their high therapeutic value.
Treatment with herbal medicinal plants also hold a strong ground because these plants are considered to be safe and have no side effects. Since they are in sync with nature, they hold greater advantage over chemically treated products and synthetic medicines. As opposed to other drugs and medicines, Ayurvedic herbs are known to treat the disease from the root and thus aid in keeping you healthy and fit in the long run.
Cultivation,collection,processing,preservation and storage of medicinal plantsUjjwal Mandal
This document discusses the cultivation, collection, processing, and storage of medicinal plants. It begins by introducing the presenter and topic. The main topics covered include the cultivation methods of sexual and asexual propagation, factors affecting cultivation like altitude, temperature, and soil properties. It also discusses plant hormones, drying and storage of crude drugs, and provides examples of specific plants like opium and kurchi. It concludes by emphasizing the potential of herbal medicines when used appropriately and with medical supervision.
Factor affecting plant growth, drug collection+AdulterationMOHAMED MADY
The document discusses several key factors that affect plant growth, including characteristics of the plant itself, environmental factors, soil properties, and plant growth regulators. It describes how plant propagation methods like seeds, grafts, bulbs, and tissue culture influence growth. Environmental factors discussed include water, light, temperature, altitude, and their effects. Soil properties that impact growth include nutrients, micro/macro elements, and organic matter. The document also examines plant growth hormones and their roles as stimulators or inhibitors of growth. It provides guidelines for proper collection, preparation, drying and storage of medicinal plants and crude drugs.
Herbal Drug Technology (B.Pharm. 6th Semester)
Definition of herbs, herbal medicine, herbal medicinal product, herbal drug preparation
Source of herbs, Selection, identification and authentication of herbal materials,
Processing of herbal raw material
This document discusses the processing of herbal raw materials. It defines key terms like herb, herbal medicine, and herbal drug preparations. It describes the selection, identification and authentication of herbal materials. The major sources of herbs are outlined as wild sources, cultivated sources, and through modern scientific techniques. The steps involved in processing herbal raw materials are discussed in detail, including selection of herbs, identification and authentication, cultivation, collection, and processing. Processing involves primary processing like sorting and drying as well as secondary processing techniques to enhance therapeutic properties.
This document provides information on irrigation, weed, nutrient, pest, and disease management for nursery plants. It discusses best practices for irrigation such as using sprinklers instead of flood irrigation. Weed management includes timely weeding and using decomposed organic matter instead of fresh compost. Nutrient management involves using organic fertilizers like compost and manures. Common pests like aphids, caterpillars, and diseases like damping off and powdery mildew are described along with symptoms and organic control methods.
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Collection and storage techniques of different plant parts of medicinal plants.ppt
1. PRESENTATION
On
Collection and Storage Techniques of different plant parts of
Medicinal Plants
COLLEGE OF FORESTRY
SAM HIGGINBOTTOM UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, TECHNOLOGY &
SCIENCES
Prayagraj-211 007, U.P., India
By
Dr. Hemant Kumar
Assistant Professor (Forest Products & Wood Tech.)
2. As per the WHO the Global market value for herbal Industry is
expected to reached US$ 5 trillion in 2050. The global market
growth for the industry is expected to be 7% per annum from
year 2000 to 2050.
Global Demand of Medicinal Plants
3. STATUS OF MEDICINAL PLANTS IN INDIA
• 20 Agro-Ecological zones.
• One of 17 mega biodiversity countries.
• 12 % of world biodiversity.
• About 9000 spp. used in ISM & Folk
medicines.
• 1172 species in trade of which 242 with
consumption > 100 MT.
• 40% of species in high demand sourced
through cultivation (coverage 0.3
million ha.)
• Large network of
institutions/Universities involved in
medicinal plants R&D. 3
4. Demand of Medicinal Plants from Health Sector
About 2500 Plant Species are used in all the Codified System of
Medicine practices in India
Ayurveda – 1587 species
Siddha – 1128 species
Unani – 503 species
Homoeopathic – 468 species
Western – 192 species 1128 Siddha
1587 Ayurveda
503 Unani
468 Homoeopathy
253 Sowa -Rigpa
192 Western
5. 1999-2000 2005-2006 2014-2015
Estimated Demand during 1999-2000 : 2,34,675 MT (study carried out by CERPA)
Estimated Demand during 2005-2006 : 3,19,500 MT (study carried out by FRLHT)
Estimated Demand during 2014-2015 : 5,12,000 MT (study carried out by ICFRE)
6,00,000
5,12,000MT
5,00,000
4,00,000
3,19,500MT
3,00,000
2,34,675MT
2,00,000
1,00,000
0
Demand of Raw Herbal Drugs: Growth Trends
7. Supply of Raw Herbal Drugs from Cultivation: Growth Trends
20%
40%
50
40
30
20
10
0
2005-06 2014-15
During 2005-06: 20% raw herbs has been procured from cultivation sources
During 2014-15: 40% of the total volume has been procured from the cultivated
sources
During 2014-15: 12 major medicinal plants species viz. Isabgol, Henna, Senna,
Mentha, Tulasi, Ashwagandha, Aloe, Pippali and Pippal Mool, Bach, Artemisia,
Vetiver and Kuth has been well cultivated across the country around 2,02,000ha
land cover.
Cultivation of 30 mother species under the 5000 ha area has also been recorded.
NMPB: 2015
8. Plantago ovata Isabgol Herb >30000
Aloe vera Kumari Herb >10000
Senna alexandrina Sona patta Herb >10000
Withania somnifera Ashwagandha Herb 2000-5000
Piper longum Pippali/ Mool Herb 2000-5000
Ocimum tenuiflorum Tulasi Herb 2000-5000
Justicia adhatoda Vasa Shrub 2000-5000
Medicinal Plants Sourced from Cultivation
Demand Figures in metric tons
9. Collection/ Harvesting
Medicinal plants should be harvested sustainably.
‘Sustainability’ is a principle that has been used for centuries in
forestry and in the management of natural resources.
It’s a system that meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations.
This includes timing of harvesting, material to be harvested,
harvesting techniques, harvesting equipment and storage.
14. What to harvest????
Be sure that you can identify the plants that you intend to harvest
without
doubt.
Distinguish clearly between the medicinal plant and its closely
related relatives in order to avoid unwanted mixtures.
Choose healthy and well-developed plant material.
Do not harvest plant material that is infested with fungal growth or
insects (Poisonous byproducts).
Be sure the plants you intend to harvest have not been sprayed
with pesticides, herbicides, or fertilizers.
Be especially aware of this around the edges of farm fields,
roadsides, or near industrial activity.
15. How to harvest???
Gather only plants that are abundant in that area. Be conscientious
about leaving a healthy population behind.
Take special care with leaves and flowers which are much more
vulnerable to deterioration than roots due to the nature of their tissue.
Avoid any unnecessary damage to the plant i.e. exercise caution to
enable the plant can re-grow
Avoid mechanical damage to the harvested material that results in
undesirable quality changes.
Identify and discard unwanted plant materials during harvesting this
is to ensure that no foreign matter, weeds, or toxic plants are mixed
with the harvested medicinal plant materials.
Put different plant material in different containers.
19. The roots of annual plants must be dug when the plants are well
developed and mature.
Roots of perennials should be harvested late in the fall or early in
the spring.
Parts like roots and rhizomes should be collected only after the
seed shedding.
Underground parts should be collected with minimum possible
digging.
When roots are propagated vegetatively in nature are collected,
enough underground part should be left
It must be ensured that underground parts are thoroughly washed
and thereafter dried
Collection of Underground parts
20.
21. The harvesting should be done at flower bud or flowering
stage but prior to any visual decline in any of the plant
parts.
Annuals, especially small herbs, creepers, grasses are more
prone to contamination as well as cross-contamination.
It is easier to sort the annuals immediately after the
collection rather than after drying.
Aromatic plants and delicate parts like pistils or stamens
of the other plants should not be dried in direct sunlight.
Annual herbs/ Whole plants:
22. Stem bark should not be harvested when
the tree is under new growth (like spring
season)
The bark should be collected from mature
branches of the trees leaving the main
trunk intact. .
Girdling of trees or branches by removing
the bark all the way around should not be
done,
The bark should be split in pieces of
appropriate size to ensure complete drying.
Collection of Stem Bark:
23.
24. The mature leave should be collected
before their flowering, unless otherwise
specified.
The source plant should not be ripped off the
leaves completely. Certain percentage of
leaves should be left to ensure normal
physiological processes
Generally leaves should not be dried in direct
sunlight, should be turned periodically to
facilitate faster and even drying.
When environmental conditions are stressful for the plants leaf
harvesting should be postponed or should be harvested in less
quantity
Collection of Leaves:
27. Processing Guidelines
Certain medicinal plants need to be processed before use so as to:
Make the drug more potent or diminish its toxicity;
Eliminate unwanted properties or adverse side-effects;
Improve the smell and taste of the drugs for ease of
administration;
Assure better storage and shelf-life.
28. Water Processing
Water treatment is employed to soften medicinal plants for easy cutting
or to eliminate toxicity and reduce the potency of the drug.
Washing: Medicinal plants are washed clean but washing must not be
too prolonged.
Soaking: Medicinal plants may be soaked to eliminate any unpleasant
smell or reduce their bitterness.
Rinsing: Cool or hot water is poured over the medicinal plants, which
are then left to dry. They will then be easier to peel and cut into slices.
Precipitation: Pounded plants are dissolved in water; the solution is
then stirred well before being left to form a precipitate. The water is
then drained off, leaving a powdery deposit,
29. Water Processing
Steaming: A double steamer is loaded with medicinal plants, which are
cooked by the hot steam rising from the bottom portion.
Boiling: Medicinal plants are boiled with water or the juice of other
plants over a low fire until they are cooked.
Tempering: Medicinal plants are exposed to a very high temperature
and then immediately quenched in cold water or the juice from another
plant.
Decoction: Plants are boiled in water to extract the active principle; the
water is then evaporated to leave a concentrate of the active substance.
Distillation: A liquid is turned to vapour by heating; the vapour is then
cooled and the condensate collected. This process is usually applied in
essential oil production.
30. Storage Guidelines
Medicinal plants must be kept under good conditions of storage in
order to preserve their properties. There are many factors that
affect the quality of medicinal herbs.
Moisture
The excessive moisture causes fungi, moulds and pests to develop in the herbs.
To control the risk, moisture must be eliminated either from the herbs or from the
atmosphere.
Medicinal herbs must be dried thoroughly, until they contain only 10-12% moisture,
which is considered to be the safe percentage.
15% moisture content is permissible in the case of roots (radices) or sugar-containing
herbs. Storehouses must be clean and well-aired. Quicklime, silica gel or roasted rice
are used as desiccants.
Air-tight packaging is desirable, wooden boxes, drums and earthenware jars being
used.
31.
32. Storage Guidelines
Temperature:
All the raw herbal drugs may be stored at cool place between 8°-25°C and
must be protected from freezing, light and high temp.
The optimum temperature for medicinal herb storage is 25°C.
High temperature evaporates the essential oils contained in herbs and also
decomposes lipid-containing herbs, giving them a sharp bitter taste.
Storage places must be well-ventilated.
Transport must be fast and prompt Loading and unloading must be done in
shady, cool places.
When stored, herbs must be periodically moved, sorted and graded.
Self life:
Prolonged shelf storage is labour-consuming and may lead to a deterioration in quality.
It is recommended that stored herbs be distributed every year as the new crops become
available.
33. Storage Guidelines
Packaging:
Appropriate packing materials, dust-free and water-proof, are used to
contain particular herbs.
Herbal drugs are usually kept in fibre sacks or reed-bags.
Seeds prone to infestation by pests and insects, or essential oils
containing herbs, are packed in wooden cases.
Precious items are stored with desiccants in hermetically sealed tin
boxes.
34. Storage
Factors affecting the
quality of herbal product :
Conservation measures,
Protection against light,
Low temperature,
Low humidity,
Suitable packaging type,
Correct tag
35.
36.
37. Warehouse
Optimum environmental conditions through
temperature and humidity control.
Correct sorting of materials to find them quickly.
Products correctly labeled with lot number and closed
container.
Adequate place, walls, ceilings, floors and lighting.
Clean, lightly ventilated, of sufficient capacity and
easy access.
A management with trained personnel with license
and separation of raw materials, semi‐finished
products,
finished product and conditioning material.
Correct identification of the reception, identification,
warehouse and dispatch zones.
It has to ensure the rotation of the materials so that the
oldest lots are always used or marketed.
38. Storage Guidelines
Medicinal plant produce should be stored in a dedicated storehouse, constructed in such way as to avoid
entry of rodents, birds and other animals and should be free from dampness, dirt and dust.
The storehouse should have provision for keeping approved, rejected and untested lots separately with
appropriate signboards.
Properly sealed and labeled containers of medicinal plant produce should be kept preferably on wooden
pallets, at cool and dry places. Never stack the containers, especially gunny bags, jute bags, woven sacks,
corrugated box etc. directly on the floor.
Dedicated areas for each species should be clearly earmarked and enough space should be left between two
species and different parts of same species to ensure smooth movement of persons and machine and to avoid
any cross-contamination. Containers of two or more medicinal plant produces should never be stacked one
above the other.
Each lot of the produce should have its shelf life clearly marked on its label and the produce should be used
within the valid shelf life period. In case of traders, the supplies of the produce should be done in a way so as
to allow enough shelf life periods to the manufacturers.
Documentation of produce coming in and going out should be displayed at an appropriate place to know
the exact availability of the medicinal plant produce in stock.
Inflammable produce like resins, gum-resins, oils etc. should be stored at isolated place in closed containers
Materials used for packaging should be non-polluting, clean, dry and in undamaged condition and should
conform to the quality requirements for the medicinal plant materials concerned.