This presentation was originally made to present the idea of how ICT is a concrete example of collaborative learning that takes place in our educational institutes today and on a wider perspective in an online educational infrastructure as that of MOOCS.

1. Date
Date: 20th March 2018
COLLABORATIVE
LEARNING WITH ICT.
Presented to you by Sheliza Hyder.
(B.Ed HONS student)

2. Sheliza Hyder Date: 20th March 2018
An Introduction:
The development of ICT in education indicates a
connection between collaborative learning and ICT.
ICT’s integration in education basically establishes
a situation in which particular forms of interaction
among people are expected to occur, which would
trigger learning mechanisms.
For instance Moodle learning environment is
designed to create online courses with a focus on
interaction and collaborative construction of
contents.

3. Sheliza Hyder Date: 20th March 2018
The theory of collaborative learning
mainly is derived from:
Socio Constructivist
approach.
Socio Cultural approach.

4. Sheliza Hyder Date: 20th March 2018
Socio Constructivist Approach:
According to this approach, people’s knowledge
structures, called schemas, direct people’s
attention, actions and learning.
The assumption is that people search for logical
coherence in understanding to maintain
coherence between their knowledge structures
and their context.
This process is called equilibration.

5. Sheliza Hyder Date: 20th March 2018
Socio Constructivist Approach:
(Cont…)
 In situations where one cannot comprehend a new
phenomenon based on earlier knowledge, one has to
reconstruct or update knowledge structures to better
correspond with the new situations.
 Updating of knowledge is based on processes called
assimilation and accommodation.
Assimilation refers to situations where people
redefine their knowledge structures based on a new
perception or experience, incorporating new
knowledge to earlier structures.
Accommodation refers to a situation where new
experience or perception is not compatible with
earlier knowledge so a person changes his/her
schemas according to new information.

6. Sheliza Hyder Date: 20th March 2018
Socio Constructivist Approach:
(Cont…)
 Cognitive Conflict: it is a central process concerning
learning and closely associated with assimilation and
accommodation. It mainly refers to situations where a
new experience does not correspond to earlier
knowledge. These situations may be collaborative
involving other people’s opinions and ideas or simply
new situations that are not familiar, demanding new
ways to act.

7. Sheliza Hyder Date: 20th March 2018
Socio Constructivist Approach:
(Cont…)
 Based on the socio constructivist theory of learning,
collaborative methods provides good possibilities for
cognitive conflict and for negotiation of different
perspectives for solving such conflicts. (Derry, 1996)
 Weinberger (2003) describes externalization as a
method supporting the generation of cognitive conflict.
It refers mainly to situations where students explicate
their knowledge structure.
 This way, their conceptions and misconceptions
become accessible for other learners in the group.
Subsequently leading to cognitive conflicts and hence
collaborative learning.

8. Sheliza Hyder Date: 20th March 2018
Socio Cultural Approach:
 Socio cultural approach stresses the importance of socio
cultural activities , the inter relation between individual and
the environment.
 An essential part of learning and knowledge construction is
the interdependence between individual and social
processes leading to the development and use of
conceptual and material tools e.g. language, concepts etc.
 These tools are culturally and historically present for every
generation and people from every generation uses it and
develop their own concept upon it. (John-Steiner & Mahn,
1996)

9. Sheliza Hyder Date: 20th March 2018
Socio Cultural Approach: (Cont..)
 According to Vygotsky (1978), learning takes place on
interpersonal and intrapersonal levels.
Interpersonal refers to the social level between people
and artifacts mediated by conceptual and material tools.
Intrapersonal refers to individual understanding.
 Learning always takes place first on interpersonal level and
then moves onto intrapersonal level i.e. people learn from
outside environment first and then they contemplate it with
their own understanding. This process is called
internalization. (Dillenbourg et al. 1996; Dillenbourg, 1999;
Lantolf, 2000)

10. Sheliza Hyder Date: 20th March 2018
Socio Cultural Approach: (Cont..)
 The term appropriation is used, which refers to fostering a
more active role of the learner and the continuous
interaction of interpersonal and intrapersonal.
 The term appropriation is used in three different meanings
according to Rogoff (1995)
Something external in imported.
Something external is imported and fitted for the
purpose of the new learner, more than transformation.
Participatory appropriation, in which a person basically
participates proactively in an activity.
Note: the first two meaning of appropriation implies
internalization and the third meaning focuses on active
participation.

11. Sheliza Hyder Date: 20th March 2018
Socio Cultural Approach: (Cont..)
 Participation and appropriation will become more concrete
with the concept of zone of proximal development (ZPD).
 ZPD refers to the distance between the levels of the task
that a student is able to carry out independently and the
potential level that the student can accomplish under the
guidance of an expert or in collaboration with more capable
fears. (Säljö, 2001; Silvonen, 2004)
 Mercer (2002) refers to similar idea using the concept of
Intermental Development Zone (IDZ) which means
students’ and teachers’ shared frame concerning the
activities in which they are engaged in, considering the
knowledge, skills and motivation of all participants.
 All in all learning is based on interaction and transaction
between persons, environment and culture.

12. Sheliza Hyder Date: 20th March 2018
Socio Constructivist
Approach.
Socio Cultural
Approach.
Focuses on:
Externalization
Accommodation
Assimilation
Focuses on:
Internalization
Appropriation
Zone of Proximal Development
Intermental development
Both stress the importance of collaboration activities
in the learning process.
Both refers to the same phenomenon of collaboration
as a tool for students to bridge between different ways
of understanding the situation and using it accordingly
through internalization or externalization, appropriation
or accommodation and assimilation.

13. Sheliza Hyder Date: 20th March 2018
So all in all the billion
dollar thought is…
ICT Integration is the concrete step to Practice Socio-
Cultural and socio-constructivist approach, hence
practicing collaborative learning in the broader
perspective.

14. Sheliza Hyder Date: 20th March 2018
 ICT can work as tool helping to create learning
environments and learning situations to put the above
mentioned theories of learning into practice.
 ICT has been used as a source for collaborative activities,
inquiry, dialogue etc.
 The source can be a simple web page as a shared point of
reference or a more complex simulation, virtual world,
games etc.
 ICT also provides different platforms for collaborative
activities supporting students’ shared knowledge building.
These platforms include Moodle, Blackboard, Blogger,
Wikispace etc, can be used to support collaborative
activities within classrooms or online courses.

15. Sheliza Hyder Date: 20th March 2018