Cold Medication

Cold Medication
Cough and Cold Medication in Children Under Six Giving children under six over the counter
cough and cold medication when they are not feeling well seems like the best idea right? It seems
like the best idea because doctors, level one care givers, our parents, and other parents have always
used them to help their kids feel better correct? Well, this is not the case. The common cold is one of
the most difficult illnesses for parents to control. It is hard for parents to manage because it consists
of a runny nose, a cough, and possible sore throat. With children being so young they have not
learned how to blow their nose or communicate that they can not breathe through their nose or tell
their parents that their throat hurts. This leads to parents ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is because "Healthy children who do not have a URI may cough 1 to 34 times every day"
(Kelley 515). When coughing up to thirty–four times a day it can give the idea of the possibility of
an acute cough when there is in fact nothing wrong and no sickness present. The reason for
coughing when there is not a sickness present is because a cough is a reaction that takes place when
your body has to clear anything that is blocking your airway. An irritation of a chemical or
mechanical substance will also result is a cough due to the brain sending the body an automatic
message to cough to get rid of the irritant that is present. This is because the abdominal and internal
muscles have a high increase of pressure in the lungs that leads to an explosion of air that releases
all of the foreign bodies in the lungs out into the air. (Kelley 515–516) A cough is not always an
indication of an illness but is also the bodies way of protecting itself from any unknown body that
could be harmful to
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Saving Normal
What is normal? Normal, like the word love, has no true definition and will differ with every person
you ask. Defined in the dictionary normal is "to conform to a particular standard" or "desired
pattern". I believe most people will say a normal person is one whom is free from defect, handicap
and mental illness. Medicalization is a social process through which a previously normal human
condition whether is be behavioral, physiological or emotional, becomes a medical problem in need
of treatment. For example, not long ago being a shy person, "being reserved or having or showing
nervousness or timidity in the company of other people", was common and something most people
experienced at some points in their lives. However, now shyness ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This resulted in them asking their doctors, mostly primary care physicians who have little training in
psychology, about a variety of prescription drugs. The doctors, whom are easily influenced by the
young, sales representatives, are given free samples from drug companies which further pushes the
prescribing of expensive medications. Primary care doctors prescribe 80% of psychotropic drugs
and as mentioned prior have little training and/or little interest in psychiatry; in addition they spend
little time actually evaluating symptoms. A majority of these doctors tend to favor pill solutions and
some even build their practice on becoming known for passing out prescriptions for whatever the
patients wants. A consequence of diagnostic inflation leads to an increased cost for unnecessary
drugs and psychiatric treatment.
Americans are now spending billions of dollars on psychiatric medications but according to Frances
"We are ignoring the people who have severe psychiatric illness; so that, one–third of people with
severe depression see a mental health clinician, two–thirds don't. Two–thirds of people with severe
depression get no treatment at all. At the same time, we're way over–diagnosing people who have
milder problems that would get better on their own." Diagnosis can cause more harm than good
when not really needed. We are over–treating those who don't need treatment, while neglecting
those who do.
The DSM–5

Counterfeit Drugs : Safe And Effective Medicine
Counterfeit Drugs in West Africa
Safe and effective medicine is an essential element to healthcare. Counterfeit drugs, which may not
be safe or efficacious, have become a growing problem around the globe and are compromising
treatment of disease and patient health. A counterfeit drug is essentially fake medicine. The World
Health Organization (WHO) defines a counterfeit drug to be a product which has been deliberately
or fraudulently mislabeled in regards to its identity and source. A counterfeit drug may have the
wrong ingredients, no active ingredients, insufficient active ingredients or have fake packaging
(WHO, 2005).
West Africa has increasingly become the target of various counterfeit medications, such as
antibiotics, antimalarial ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Developing countries, such as those in West Africa, are targeted because legal controls are often
weak. In these countries, the estimated proportion of counterfeit drugs is between 10% and 30%.
The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, however, reports that as much as 50–60% of anti–
infective drugs in West Africa were found to have insufficient quantities of active ingredients.
Although developed countries have increased regulation, they are also target because they offer
greater gains to counterfeiters Here, counterfeit drug manufacturers can sell counterfeited high–
value and high–demand drugs. WHO estimates that in developed countries where regulation and
oversight is the strongest, counterfeit drugs make up less that 1% of market value. Nearly all kinds
of drugs have been found to be counterfeited (WHO, 2006). In developing countries, including West
African nations, it has been found that antimicrobial drugs are most frequently counterfeited, as
these countries often have a high prevalence and burden of infectious diseases (Chika et al). In
developed countries, counterfeited drugs are more often for chronic disease states, anticancer drugs
or lifestyle drugs such as those for erectile dysfunction (Chika et al).
Factors Encouraging

Should Inmates Offenders Be Treated? Prisons And Prisons?
There has been an concern with mental health professionals about the increasing number of mentally
disordered inmates in jails and prisons. There are approximately 356,000 inmates in jails and state
prisons with mental illnesses (Torrey, Zdanowicz, & Kennard, 2014). Many researchers are debating
if mentally disordered inmates should be treated in prisons and jails, or if they are not equipped to
care for them at all. While jails tend to house inmates sentenced with short terms, prisons house
convicted and sentenced offenders serving more than 1 year. With the longer time of incarceration,
prisons provide more of an opportunity for inmates to receive mental health assessments, diagnosis,
and treatment (James & Glaze, 2006). It is crucial ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When dealing with the mentally ill, those solutions aren 't necessarily the best.
In 2014, reporters Michael Winerip and Michael Schwirtz did a study on the brutality on mentally ill
inmates in Rikers Island. For their study, they interviewed current and former inmates, correction
officers and mental health clinicians at the jail, and they also reviewed hundreds of pages of legal,
investigative and jail records. According to Winetrip and Scwirtz (2014) injuries suffered by the
inmates were crucial and about 77 percent of those severely injured were diagnosed with a mental
illness. In addition to that discovery, 80 percent of those cases were reported being cased by
corrections officers. Unfortunately, those cases haven 't been brought up on formal administrative
charges.
According to Ridgeway and Casella (2011) jails and prisons possess risk factors when incarcerating
the mentally ill, such as; suicides, victimization, attacks on staff, and worsening of symptoms. The
chance of this happening greatly rises when a severely mentally ill offender in jail or prison abuses
substances, or is aggressive. Some refuse treatment altogether, they usually are unaware of their
illness and the potential danger attached to the worsening of symptoms.
In 1990 Washington v. Harper case, for example, Harper was a inmate in the Washington state penal
system who was receiving psychiatric treatment. When he stopped taking his medication he

Understanding The Neurological Complexity Of The Human Brain
In order to better understand the neurological complexity of the human brain, it is reasonable to first
compare it to a similar organ, and according to Professor David Anderson, that is a fruit fly 's brain.
As a neurological researcher at the Caltech David Anderson Lab, Professor Anderson claims that the
human brain is much more complex than thought, but with the help of fruit fly experimentation,
understanding the human brain is made simple. As guest speaker at the TED Conference, Anderson
informs his audience of a common misconception with the human brain, a misconception he intends
to disprove by using evidence from his fruit fly experimentations. David Anderson explains how
fruit fly research is the missing link that will help ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Opening up his lecture, Professor Anderson immediately harnessed the crowds ' curiosity through
his questions requiring crowd participation. He first asked the crowd to raise their hand if they had
any family history of mental illnesses. Most of the attending listeners responded to his inquiry with
their hands raised high, signaling Anderson to ask his next question. Secondly, Anderson asked if
anyone could agree that fruit fly research would help further the understanding of mental illnesses
and if so, they should keep their hand raised. Naturally, in response to his second question, the
audiences ' hands went back down. The humorous contrast in the crowds ' response resulted in
laughter within the audience, which allowed Anderson to smoothly transition to his next point. He
continued to use rhetorical questioning throughout his speech as seen when he asked, "Can an
organism like this teach us anything about emotion–like states? Do these organisms even have
emotion–like states or are they just little digital robots?" (00:04:55). Comparing living fruit flies to
inanimate robots is silly and not realistic; this obvious answer made clear to his listeners that there is
a high chance that fruit fly research could benefit the understanding of the human mind. In
continuation, Anderson used comparison and contrast to help explain his research and support his
claim. Anderson first compared

Essay on Drawbacks and Benefits to Diagnosing...
From schizophrenia to bipolar disorder to severe depression there is no question that these are
serious mental illnesses that are debilitating and require constant medical care and according to the
American Psychiatric Association(APA) hording and internet disorders are just a couple of new
diagnosis that they have added to the manual of mental disorder or DSM. But is this addition of new
mental disorders really beneficial for the patients or is this a way for doctors and pharmaceutical
companies to cash in? , this paper proposes both drawbacks and benefits to the diagnosis of mental
disorders as well as investigation of some specific examples of diagnosed disorders. However, the
paper's main direction is to focus on the drawbacks which ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Another DSM category is bereavement which has been treated over the years by considering normal
grief not pathological, therefore the DSM repathologiesed it and allow people to go to psychiatrist
when they lose someone in their life and the psychiatrist diagnoses them for their lose even though it
might be a normal self limiting kind of sadness.
Realistically, diagnosis of a mental illness is only a medical diagnostic tool for the physician and it
does not taking into account what the average person is dealing with or living with when they have a
mental illness. One of the flaws of mental illness diagnosis is that it does not address the questions
like what is the life quality of a patient or what other issues could arise in that patient based on these
diagnoses.
However, there are some drawbacks to the diagnosis of a mental illness there is benefit to it as well
in such a way that it helps destigmatized and takes away labels from people who live with actual,
severe mental illnesses. Diagnosis of a mental disorder also helps acknowledgement of a mental
disorder from insurance companies and federal governments for coverage and funding respectively
and helps people to get support and become aware that their behavioral problem is more than just a
weak will or an odd behavior, at the same time diagnosis does not mean getting good treatment as
well and in my opinion breaking down mental illnesses into

The Mental Depression : Causes And Consequences Of Depression
"Depression" has often been misinterpreted with being sad and has caused for many doctors as well
as other individuals to look at this mental illness differently to. Just like many other mental illness,
the stigma attached to these illnesses prevent the people suffering from them to not get proper
treatment, be seen differently, and often times get discriminated. Sara Dale used to suffer from
depression and shared "I wasn't warned I could experience such intrusive thoughts. Because
antidepressants are classed as the 'happy pill' I thought that that was how I would feel all the time.
But it couldn't have been further from the reality. I felt nothing, just numb, neither happy or sad.The
worst thing was, I became heavily dependent on them. When it came to withdrawing from them, it
was hell. I was experiencing sweats, sickness, and suicidal thoughts. I'm not against medication as it
can bring normality to some people's lives, but I don't think they should be dished out like smarties.
They can have serious consequences – especially on a child's developing brain. I'm convinced that I
now have short term memory loss as a result of those five years I spent on medication" (How
Antidepressants 2016). Just like Sara Dale's case, many other patients only get prescribes
antidepressants when suffering from depression and many other mental illnesses. The medication
did help her but it was not the help she exactly was looking for. Patients want to feel happy again
not just feel numb

Medication Errors
Medication Errors and the five rights Nurses are responsible for multiple patients on any given day
making medication errors a potential problem in the nursing field. Medication administration not
only encompasses passing medication to the patients yet begins with the physician prescribing the
medication, pharmacy filling the correct prescription and ending with the nurse administering and
monitoring the patient for any adverse effect from the medication. According to the National
Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention (NCCMERP), 'A medication
error refers to any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or
patient harm while the medication is in the control of the healthcare professional, ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Daily drug dosages are given at specified times during a day, such as twice a day (b.i.d.), three times
a day (t.i.d.), four times a day (q.i.d.), or every 6 hours (q6h), so that the plasma level of the drug is
maintained at a therapeutic level. (BOOK )Medication timing also accounts for medication errors
and is of the utmost importance while administering medication to a patient. Timing of medication
delivery to patients is arranged strategically though pharmacy according to the physician's orders.
Attention is placed on the type of medication along with interaction a medication may have with
other prescribed medication on a patients chart. Nursing are pulled in many different directions,
answering physcians calls, admitting new patient and dealing with emergent situations that often
times takes them off schedule. It is impossible to give every patient on the floor medication at the
expected time charted on the electronic medication chart. Most facilities allot nursing staff the
flexibility to pass medication one hour before and one hour after medication stated due on the
electronic record. Performing the necessary research for hospital facility guidelines as regards to
medication distribution and abiding by those, help illuminate medication time errors. Giving
medication at the appropriate rate encompasses the appropriate time of delivery. Correctly
determining how fast are slow a

Psychotropic Medication Essay
Psychotropic medications are drugs that has a powerful effect on the central nervous system in the
brain. Psychotropic medication alters the chemical in the brain which effect thought, mood,
emotions and behaviors. Drugs are prescribed to treat a diagnosed mental disorder/illness such as
Schizophrenia, Bipolar, Depression, etc. Medications can be useful to treat or alleviate the
symptoms that an individual may experience. However, at the same time, psychotropic medications
can do more harm than good. Psychotropic drugs can present dangerous side effects, and there is a
potential risk that the client has to consider before taking them. With that being said, the patient
should always discuss with their doctor the risks and benefits or if there is an alternative treatment
available. Psychotropic medication has always been a hot debate, especially when deciding if it
should have administered to children or not. For my interview, I decided to interview a social
worker and a psychiatrist, to help me gain some insight on their professional experience as well as
their values, beliefs, and attitude towards psychotropic medications. I asked questions to understand
what is their roles as a social worker and a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
she added that clear history and physical assessment should be done to avoid prescription of the
drug unnecessarily because the drugs have adverse effects on the patient's health. On the role of the
social worker, she felt that the worker should be the link between the doctor and the patient. This is
because the social worker has a wider knowledge of the community that if shared may help the
doctor in the management of the patient. She also mentioned that her job is to take a complete
history of the patient, do a physical examination, diagnose and

I No Longer Recommend Psychiatric Medication
"I no longer recommend psychiatric medications to anyone. I believe the science behind this is
seriously flawed. It is based on false assumptions that lead to self–perpetuating mythology (and
huge profits for drug companies)." (Smith). While it may sound appealing to simply take a pill for
each of your problems, it has almost become common knowledge that medications which directly
affect the brain, especially in the long term, can have many direct and indirect consequences. Nearly
¼ of all Americans are diagnosed with either a personality disorder or as, and are prescribed some
type of psychiatric medication. The three most popular antipsychotics alone are a $15 billion
industry, with stimulants and antidepressants nearly being just as ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
But have we reached the point in time where the treatment has become somewhat of an overkill? It
can be argued that today, advertising for psychiatric medication has gotten out of hand, pushing out
newer drugs that appeal to every little problem people seem to complain about these days. "Is
psychiatry for sale?: An examination of the influence of the pharmaceutical industry on academic
and practical psychiatry" Is a Maudsley Discussion paper, a series of short papers that deal with
controversial issues in mental health. This discussion paper is written by Joanna Moncrieff, a British
psychiatrist and part of the Critical Psychiatry Network. She primarily analyzes the influence of the
pharmaceutical industry in the psychiatric field. Even though the paper is over ten years old, it
provides insight into what is still most likely happening. She argues that because the industry is
heavily involved in funding psychiatric research, that psychiatric practices could be directed by a
profit–focused agenda (Moncrieff). She suggests that excessive advertising and research findings are
likely produced to benefit this agenda, and likely causes the fabrication of specific disorders to
create markets for new medications. It can be assumed that such an operation is capable of produce
some widely dangerous outcomes, even if it is a small percent of the

Psychotropic Medications
Background
Pro re nata is a Latin phrase meaning "for an unforseen need or contingency". 1 The most common
type of PRN medication administered by mental health professionals in acute mental health care
settings are psychotropic medications. Psychotropic comes from the Greek word Psycho, a
combining form meaning "psyche", which indicates the mind, soul or spirit as opposed to the body
and from the Greek word "tropo" or tropos which means "turning". Hence what turns the mind.1
Psychotropic medications affect chemical levels in the brain, which can affect mood, perception and
behavior.1
When a physician writes an order for PRN medication, they write orders for one or more
psychotropic medications to be given at the discretion of the nurse, provided ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The aim of this systematic review is to provide a deeper understanding of the circumstances and
factors that influence a mental health professional and their use of PRN medication. More
specifically:
– Do they make these decisions solely or seek input from others?
– Do they feel confident in their own decision making when administering PRN medications?
– What medication do they choose – if there is a choice – between two or more PRN medications?
– What dosage and what route of administration do nurses use and why?
This systematic review will endeavour to find evidence for the use of PRN medications by mental
health professionals including the clinical decision making process when administering PRN
medication. In addition, this review will endeavour to find evidence for patients' understanding and
viewpoints' on the use of PRN

Medication Used As Anxiety Medication
Seizure Medication Used as Anxiety Medication Everyday someone is fighting a battle with an
anxiety disorder. Anxiety is considered a mental illness that causes distress, worry, and fear to an
individual. Some types of anxiety include the following: panic disorder, social anxiety disorder,
specific phobias, and a generalized anxiety disorder with unrealistic worry (WebMD, 2016). The
cause for anxiety is currently unknown, but environmental stress and changes in the brain can be
linked factors (WebMD, 2016). Anxiety disorders affect 40 million adults who are 18 and older, this
is 18% of the population in the United States (ADAA, 2014). General Anxiety Disorder alone
affects 3.1% of the United States population and it most often affects ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
My patient is a 35 year old female who takes Clonazepam, also referred to its brand name Klonopin,
whenever she feels like she's going to have an anxiety attack and feels overwhelmed or stressed. She
was originally prescribed to take the medication orally once a day with a dosage of 1 mg. Upon
physician's approval the patient now only takes .5 mg of Clonazepam as needed, this should not be a
major concern to this patient. The only concern we would need to be worried about is if the patient
took Clonazepam more times than needed and then suddenly stopped taking the medication. This
would then lead to withdrawal symptoms which may potentially cause the patient to develop a
physical dependence (Everyday Health, 2016). Dosing Information for Clonazepam
Adult Dose for Seizure Prophylaxis Adult Clonazepam Dose for Panic Disorder Pediatric
Clonazepam Dose for Seizure Prophylaxis
Should not exceed 1.5 mg/day divided into 3 doses.
Maximum dose 20mg. Initial dose is .25 mg bid
Maximum is 4 mg/day. Initial dose should be 0.001 and 0.03 mg/kg/day.
Not exceeding 0.05 mg/kg/day.
Maximum dose 20mg. Clonazepam is considered a Benzodiazepine and is generally used to treat
patients who have petit–mal, akinetic, and myoclonic seizures, or those with panic disorder (Wynn,
Meiller, & Crossley, 2014). Benzodiazepines take action by binding to receptors on gamma–
aminobutyric acid (GABA) and increase membrane permeability to chloride

Speech On Counterfeit Drugs
Counterfeits medicines has spread like wildfire across online shops and unauthorized pharmacies.
According to the data that given from World Health Organization(WHO), they estimated that 10 to
30 percent fake medications products are now conquered marketing all over the globe. Eventhough,
Malaysia that known as a country that have good system of laws also undergo this serious case when
there three to five percent from the medicines that are sold in the country are counterfeit medicines.
The identical packaging along with the insane price make some people eager to buy it. Instead of
buying the original medicines, you get to buy a whole set of the medicine for the same price! But
what dangers do thes products come with? Keep reading to find out. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
As we know, counterfeit drugs/medicines are not made in the same factories as the original ones. It
may not even be made at a sanitary area and so whatever germs and microbes are present there, may
crawl into the products as well. People who concoct these fake medicines includes all kinds of
chemicals just to make it look like the real thing. Harmful chemical are one thing that should be not
in our medicines. Those chemicals can trigger to allergic reactions and dangerous disease.
Treatments with ineffective counterfeit drugs/medicines such as antibiotic can lead to emergence of
resistant organisms and may have a deleterious effect on a wide section of the population. In
extreme cases, counterfeits drugs/medicines may even cause death. For example, in 2005 Malaysia
showed that 8.5 percents impotence medication in the country are fake. While in 2012, the Ministry
of Health in Malaysia advices people do not use the traditional products Mymen Plus(capcules
400mg) after it been confirmed contains poison that called 'tadalaphil'. Whereas in 2005, a total of
14 percent of the ' akarbanar' products has been tested contains mercury level exceeding permitted
limits. As a consequence of such damaging effects, counterfeit drugs/medicines may erode public
confidence in healthcare systems, healthcare professionals, the supplier and sellers of genuine
drugs/medicines, the pharmaceutical industry, and national drug regulatory

Counterfeit Products Of Counterfeit Pharmaceuticals
INTRODUCTION.
The trade of counterfeit pharmaceuticals is a lucrative business with low start up costs. It is growing
very fast and has become a worldwide issue. According to the BMI Healthcare Report 2015, in 2013
alone 3.6 million units of counterfeit medicines were seized. They were valued at COP 2,200 million
which is approximately $ 921 million. Counterfeit pharmaceuticals continue to represent up to 40%
of the total pharmaceutical market in Colombia and police and customs agencies have spent billions
of COP trying to resolve this problem. clearly the trade of counterfeit pharmaceuticals is rapidly
increasing, but is the cause the lack of legislation or is it the enforcement.
This research seeks to analyze the causes of the rapid growth in the counterfeit pharmaceutical
industry by analyzing the existence of sufficient legislation and the factors that hinder its
enforcement particularly focusing on the complexity of the supply chain and the adaptation of anti
counterfeit technology in Colombia. II. OVERVIEW OVER BACKGROUND AND EFFECTS OF
COUNTERFEIT DRUGS.
Counterfeit Medicines were acknowledged as a problem in the 1980s, when forgers started to copy
lifestyle drugs to fight obesity and baldness (Lomb, 2014). The Counterfeiting process of market
prescription drugs like antibiotics, vaccines, birth control as well as hypertension and diabetes
medication started later, where antibiotics and steroids represented the bigger portion of the forgers
market (See

Improving Medication Communication And Medication
Improving Medication Communication People become ill every day and need medications to help
them fight whatever disease or infection they may be suffering from. Medications play such a vital
part in human lives today. Physicians are always coming up with new medications that they would
like to try for a certain illness. As patients get prescribed new medications they need to be taught the
purpose and the side effect of the drug. Communicating the purpose and side effects of drugs are
vital components for patient safety and also compliance. The need to educate patients about the
medications they are receiving is becoming more and more important. Patients may have no idea
why they are taking the medication that they are prescribed. When patients know why they are
taking a medication and what some of the side effects are to that medication they are able to keep
themselves safe. Patient safety related to medication communication is something that may be
overlooked in settings that prescribe medications. The more knowledgeable the patient is about the
medications they are taking the better they are to understand their specific disease process and
improve their own safety. "A patient's understanding of his or her medications is vital to a
satisfactory patient experience and it also drives safety and quality" (Improving Medication
Communication with Ask 3/Teach 3, 2013). Scholarly Journals Related to Improving Medication
Communication The Hospital Value–Based Purchasing (VBP)

Adhd In Children Essay
Good health is one of the most valued things in the life of every human being from childhood to old
age. A nation's future relies on the wellbeing of its children. Unfortunately, American children are
sick and overmedicated. The National Center of Health Statistics estimated that 7.5 percent of kids
at the age interval of six to seventeen were under medication for emotional or behavioral problems
in 2011–2012. Several millions of children in the United States have been diagnosed with childhood
mental disorder such as eating disorders, depression, autism spectrum disorders, anxiety disorders,
and attention–deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). These kids are often overmedicated because of
incorrect diagnosis of their medical conditions, improper use of medicines, unnecessary dosage of
medications, and conflicts of interest in the pharmaceutical industry.
Incorrect diagnosis of kids' medical conditions can lead to the prescription of wrong treatments and
overmedication. Therefore, it is extremely important that a child is diagnosed by the correct medical
specialist. The diagnosis of mental disorder in kids is not an exact science. It is so complex that the
chance to get the proper medication that suits the child's condition is extremely slim. Many doctors
affirm that psychiatric prescription is based on their observations of the child's behaviors.
Nowadays, modern psychiatry has reached a point where even the most normal behavior and
emotions of a child have been labeled

The Treatment Of Psychiatric Drugs
The Use of Psychiatric Drugs To Treat Children
Statistics determine that seventeen million children in the world have been prescribed psychiatric
medications for mental illnesses or disorders ("Facts and Statistics"). In a society where one in four
people suffer from a mental illness, it's disturbing to find that many of these people are children.
Many of these children will never have the opportunity to live normally without being under the
influence of a drug. After taking a position as a lead teacher for a two year old classroom, it's
disheartening to hear that children as young as eighteen months old are being prescribed psychiatric
medication. One can imagine how severe the physical, mental, emotional, and social impact would
be on a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These drugs are generally prescribed when a person is diagnosed with a mental illness such as
Schizophrenia, Depression, or Attention Deficit Disorder. The sudden rise in number of mental
illness diagnoses has led to a rapid increase in the number of prescriptions recommended to patients.
Sadly, many of these patients are children who are diagnosed with Attention Deficit Disorder,
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and Depression. According to Erica Goode, studies
indicate that "pediatricians and child psychiatrists", are frequently leaning towards the use of
psychotropic medication as the "treatment of choice" for an assortment of mental illnesses and
disorders (Goode, "Study Finds Jump in Children Taking Psychiatric Drugs"). This
acknowledgement solidifies the unsettling norm of children taking prescription drugs daily in an
effort to mask their behaviors. Instead of using numerous methods of teaching and parenting to
counteract unpleasant or hyperactive behavior, professionals have now employed a different
approach by using "medicalization" to treat "emotional and behavioral problems" (Mcleod et. al,
54). The problem with this approach is that the behavior is never actually addressed. Instead it's
medicated causing children to become zombies or robots rather than living, breathing, human
beings, with genuine thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.
In addition to the strange increase in the use of psychiatric drugs to treat children, there are also
several side

Medication Errors And The Efficiency Of Medication...
McComas, Riingenm and Kim (2014), conducted a study that investigated the occurrence of
medication errors and the efficiency of medication administration following the implementing an
eMAR system. The study was conducted in an appropriate setting and all observed nurses
volunteered for the study. Before implementing the eMARs mandatory class were provided and
nurses were evaluated for competency. Data was collected by observation and nurses were randomly
followed throughout a medication pass. Collected data consisted of medication errors, distractions
during medication pass and amount of time spent administering medications.
The results of this study was that the percentage of medication errors decreased following the
implementation of eMARs. Although medication errors were decreased, the authors found that the
eMAR system decreased efficiency and disturbed workflow. The authors state that factors such as
missing medications, preparing medication at the bedside, and distractions contributed to this and
are factors that can be improved. The author's identified the presence of several limitation in the
study. The use of one individual to collect data created a possibility of bias and the observation of
nurses may have affected the behaviors of the nurse. Also, the authors state that the study was not a
cause and effect study and was only conducted on one unit which decreased the generalizability of
the study. According the hierarchy of evidence for intervention studies, this

Types Of Poor Quality Medicines
Types of poor quality medicines : Poor quality medicines can be classified into three different man
types : substandard , counterfeit and degraded. Substandard medicines "are genuine medicines
produced by legitimate manufacturers that do not meet the quality specifications that the producer
says they meet. For example, they may contain less (or more) active ingredient than written on the
package. This may not e an intention to cheat, but may be due to problems with the manufacturing
process".(WHO, 2005). Counterfeit medicines are "deliberately and fraudently mislabelled with
respect to identity and / or source. Counterfeiting may include products with the correct ingredients
or with the wrong ingredients , without active ingredeients, with insufficient active ingredient or
with fake packaging"(Wondemagegnehu, 1999). Degraded medicines may result from exposure of
good quality medicines to light , heat, and humidity . it can be difficult to distinguish degraded
medicines from those that left the factory as substandard , but the distinction is important as the
causes and remedies are different(Keoluangkhot et al., 2008). Prevalence of poor quality of
medicines Despite evidence suggesting that substandard, counterfeit, or degraded medicines are
major problems of global importance, there are few reliable data describing their epidemiology.
Only 5– 15% of the 191 member states of the WHO report cases of counterfeit medicines.(Paul N.
Newton et al., 2006). Many data have

Antipsychotic Medication
Recent studies indicate that limiting the use of certain medications can improve a senior's life. One
study, conducted by researchers at Indiana University, finds that the prolonged use of
anticholinergics may cause physical changes within the brain that could lead to dementia.
Furthermore, The Canadian Foundation for Healthcare Improvement (CFHI) released information
related to a program it started in 2014: This study examined how the discontinuation of
antipsychotic medications affected the seniors who were taking them to treat dementia. The results
indicate that seniors' lives may improve when antipsychotic medications (that are being used to treat
dementia) are discontinued. Taking Anticholinergics May Increase a Senior's Risk of Developing ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Researchers took into consideration each resident's social, cultural and intellectual needs when
determining which activities would serve him or her the best. The alternative therapies included: Pet
therapy Music therapy Gardening As these new therapies were implemented, residents'
antipsychotic medications were either reduced or discontinued altogether. The Results More than
half of the study participants had their antipsychotic prescriptions changed: 36 percent discontinued
their medication 18 percent had their dosages reduced Rather than seeing a rise in aggressive
behavior, a substantial decrease in such behaviors was noted: Incidents related to resisting care
decreased by 22 percent Verbally abusive behavior decreased by more than 33 percent Falls
decreased by 20 percent Socially inappropriate behavior decreased by 26 percent Physically abusive
behavior decreased by nearly 30 percent Furthermore, Phillips states that numerous families voiced
their satisfaction with the study results stating that they 'got their loved ones

Symbolism In The Yellow Wallpaper
The story, The Yellow Wallpaper written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, informs the audience on the
mental stability of the main character Jane. During the story, which was first published in 1899, a
wife that is also new mother experiences post–partum depression. Even though her husband is
taking good care of her, he isn't doing or believing the right ways. In the Victorian Era, people were
supposed to act normal as if nothing was wrong with them, however some people broke social
norms. Jane represents symbolism by explaining that she journals in dead paper. Another main point
in the story, is Jane's mental illness and how it's being dealt with during the story. Through social
codes, symbolism and mental illnesses in Gilman's "The Yellow Wallpaper" represents a mental
break down in the contracting social codes of the Victorian era.
In the story The Yellow Wallpaper, the main character Jane is forced upon a "social code" in the
Victorian era, which forces her character to "behave" and have nothing wrong mentally because it's
not normal. During the story Jane's husband, John, is a physician and believes that nothing is wrong
with her. Jane likes to journal about anything and everything that she feels or sees. However, John
doesn't want his sick wife to be writing, "There comes John, and I must put this away, ––he hates to
have me write" (Gilman). Joshi explains how the Victorian Era is set up, "The Victorian era is often
thought of as a time when society and its rules were

Persuasive Essay On Antidepressant In Children
Depression is defined as a mental illness in which a person is experiencing deep sadness and
loneliness. It is known as one of the most common mental illnesses and it affects all kinds of people,
regardless of sex, age and religion. Many people are not aware that depression is not only diagnosed
in adults, but in children and adolescents as well. Therefore, there is a debate about whether children
suffering from depression should be allowed to take antidepressants. Antidepressant drugs should be
prescribed for children suffering from depression under the conditions of doctors limiting the
medication, including therapy and having the parents informed/educated.
Depression, diagnosed in children and adults is something to be taken serious. ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Antidepressant drugs, which can be lifesaving, are being underused in young people. Their use fell
significantly after the Food and Drug Administration issued its black–box warning in October of
2004, stating that all antidepressants were associated with a risk of increased suicidal feeling,
thinking and behavior in adolescents; later on that warning was extended to young adults (Friedman
1). The Food and Drug Administration–FDA ordered drug companies to place a black–box warning
on antidepressant drugs, this would then allow parents to see the side effects the drug might come
with. As antidepressants can have its benefits, it is not the only way to treat a mental illness like
depression. The majority of parents believe antidepressant is the only treatment and that
psychotherapy is a waste of time and money. "About 80 percent of people with depression respond
positively to professional medical treatment––usually talk therapy, medication or a combination of
both––and almost all patients gain some relief from their symptoms. Unfortunately, less than half of
those with depression seek treatment(Clayton

Who Is The Best Psychiatrist?
When contemplating suicide, seeking out help from a trained professional, like a psychiatrist, would
be one of the safest, and probably best idea. A psychiatrist, trained to diagnose and treat mental
illnesses, would help by showing the light, the reason to live, and prescribing medication that would
help keep the internal demons quiet, allowing the person who was contemplating suicide to go on
living their life, fully and happily. Luckily for the protagonist in Morris Panych's 7 Stories play,
Man, he meets Leonard, a psychiatrist, while standing on the ledge of a seventh floor apartment
building, poised to jump. Unfortunately for Man, Leonard is not the best psychiatrist. Through
Leonard's speech it is revealed that Leonard is a psychiatrist, and that he hates the mentally ill.
Leonard talks about working nights at the "loony bin" and then running a private practice in the
mornings. Leonard claims that he has not slept in three years, and does not care since he believes
that his patients do not even notice since they are so drugged up they sleep all day anyway. This
speech from Leonard acts as a foreshadowing for the rest of the play, as it shows how self–absorbed
all the characters in this apartment are. Leonard's speech also affects the plot of the play by being
one of the first characters to show off the over–arching theme of the play, that life, daily routines,
and relationships are ultimately meaningless, Leonard specifically showcases that life means
nothing through

Psychopathology Diagnostic Classification Systems ( Dsm )...
This paper agrees with the statement "psychopathology diagnostic classification systems (such as
the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) or the International Classification
of Diseases (ICD)) are of little use to health professionals and patients because behaviours are often
misidentified and medicalised". To support this argument, this paper will discuss the most important
four main points that contribute to the subjective judgement of DSM and the limitations in validity,
reliability and utility of DSM: subjectivity of DSM, medicalisation of psychiatric disorders,
influence of pharmaceutical industry and cultural bias. A concern of the DSM is that all diagnostic
criteria in DSM are based on symptoms that are largely subjective and descriptive as DSM does not
provide lists of signs, as criteria for diagnosis (Johnstone, 2008). Such subjectivity of DSM poses a
challenge even for experienced clinicians who use the DSM and ICD criteria and also cause
diagnostic unreliability. It is argued by Johnstone (2008) that psychiatric symptoms without signs
cannot be evidence of a particular condition. The "How Mad Are You?" video by Liddell & Jay
(2008) supports the claim that the subjectivity of DSM criteria creates low reliability and validity for
a majority of the patients. In this video, there were ten volunteers who participated in this study, of
which five had a history of psychiatric disorders and five with no history of psychiatric disorders. A

Essay On Psychotropic Drugs
Psychotropic drugs are, according to medicine.net, are drugs affecting the central nervous system,
that have the capability to affect one's behavior, emotions, and the mind. Since these drugs affect the
human mind and behavior, there is plenty or suspicion and controversy surrounding them, especially
when it comes to prescribing them to adolescents between the ages of nine to seventeen years old.
The prescription of mind altering drugs, to such a young, underdeveloped crowd, is a cause for
concern due to the excessive amount of of pills these students popping and the effects they're having
on their developing brains. Psychotropic medications are helpful in altering the minds of these
victims of mental illnesses cope with their disorders; however, there needs to be restrictions made
on the prescription of psychotropic drugs to children between the ages of 6–17 because: results are
fairly inconsistent; mental illnesses are often misdiagnosed and incorrectly prescribed; and biases
are presented ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This goes to show the biases presented in the advertisements mostly because who wants to dwell on
the damaging parts of a drug when you can dwell on the positive. This is a basic drug advertising
practice that almost everyone knows about but yet chooses to ignore, millions still continue to ingest
these drugs each day but they don't question what it is really doing to their health, especially, what it
is really doing to the health of these blossoming children. Studies have shown that these drugs can
definitely affect the lives of these children in the long run and once children are basically "hooked"
on these drugs, it will be extremely difficult or possibly dangerous to even try to wean them off

Compare And Contrast A Streetcar Named Desire And Death Of...
Written and set in 1947, Tennessee William's A Streetcar Named Desire solidified his place as an
incredible playwright. Arthur Miller, author of The Death of a Salesman, published his play only
two years after Williams had published A Streetcar Named Desire. Both plays were written during a
time when mental illness emerged as a medical ailment and related to one's health. The 1940s also
featured an influx in institutionalization of civilians. This influx in mental institutions and
knowledge on mental illness as well as societal standards of familial responsibility contributed to the
plots of both A Streetcar Named Desire and The Death of a Salesman.
The similarities between these two begin with the time period in which they are set. Both were
written and set in the late 1940s; A Streetcar Named Desire centered around 1947, while The Death
of a Salesman presumably takes place some time in the late 1940s. They both also deal with family
members that have mental illnesses. In Streetcar, the epitome of the play is the ending when Blanche
leaves with the Doctor and the Matron to an institution. The initial red flag regarding Blanche's
mental sanity occurred with Blanche flirting with Stanley. This is her sister's husband! Blanche not
only flirts with Stanley, she recounts the incident to Stella. Blanche enthusiastically states, "Yes, I
was flirting with your husband!" (Williams 44) There is no sign or remorse or any acknowledgement
that she had done something wrong. Blanche also

Children, Adolescents & Psychotropic Medication Essays
Psychotropic medications, also referred to as psychiatric or psychotherapeutic medications, are used
to treat psychiatric disorders, such as: depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders,
and attention deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). They have been used for many years and
oftentimes come with dangerous side effects. The side effects that often occur in children taking
these medications can include: fainting, blurred vision, vomiting, extreme weight gain, and even
death ("Seroquel information," n.d.). The use of psychotropic medication to treat mental disorders in
children and adolescents is highly controversial because of ethical viewpoints (i.e. parents
"drugging" their children to calm them down) and potentially ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
If left untreated, however, "kids (can) become alienated from family and peers, flunk out of school,
commit crimes, (and) maybe even land in prison." (Littell, n.d.) One of the greatest concerns of
psychotropic drug use in children and adolescents is that this type of medication is overprescribed.
According to a report by the Food and Drug Administration, as of September 2009, "more than
500,000 children and adolescents in America are now taking antipsychotic drugs." (Wilson, 2010)
500,000 is definitely a large number, but considering the fact that approximately one in ten children
in the United States suffer from various mental illnesses, this number is actually quite low. The main
reason people believe this medication is overprescribed is because many parents are simply looking
for an easy way to quell their child's hyperactivity. "'Families sometimes feel the need for a quick
fix,' Dr. Gleason said. 'That's often the prescription pad. But I'm concerned that when a child sees
someone who prescribes but doesn't do therapy, they're closing the door that can make longer–
lasting change.'" (Wilson, 2010) Another concern regarding psychotropic drug use in children is the
ethical

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Psychological Disorders
A psychological disorder is defined as a behavior that exhibits a collection of symptoms that cause
stress and/or disability to an individual. These disorders can range from alcohol and substance abuse
to Alzhiemer's and schizophrenia. Studies show that about 46% of the United States population
suffers from a mental disorder some time in their life. There are many forms of treatment available,
as the effects of these disorders cause distress and suffering not only to the individual, but for those
around them too. The two main forms of treatment are biomedical therapy and verbal therapy.
Biomedical therapies are medicinal drugs administered to a patient by a psychiatrist. Verbal
therapies are talk sessions that a patient has with a psychologist. The prescription of drugs is the
most common type of treatment in resolving psychological disorders. Based on a study done by the
National Center for Health Statistics, the usage of psychiatric drugs, more specifically
antidepressant drugs, went up 400% in the span of just twenty years. This may be because
medications are seen as an answer to people's prayers. People think that they're fast and they'll cure
anything and everything, making people feel normal again. Therapy could be quite expensive when
compared to medication, making individuals choose drugs over therapy. Another reason for more
people wanting to use medication could be that there are many commercials on TV and on the radio
advocating for medicinal drug usage, but

Medication Error And Medication Errors
Medication error Medication error is one of the biggest problems in the healthcare field. Patients are
dying due to wrong drug or dosage. Medication error is any preventable incident that leads to
inappropriate medication use or harms the patient while the medication is in the control of the health
care professional,or patient (U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2015). It is estimated about 44,000
inpatients die each year in the United States due to medication errors which were indeed preventable
(Mahmood, Chaudhury, Gaumont & Rust, 2012). There are many factors that contribute to
medication error. However, the most common that factors are human factors, right patient
information, miscommunication of abbreviations, wrong dosage. Healthcare providers do not intend
to make medication errors, but they happen anyways. Therefore, nursing should play a tremendous
role to reduce medication error The reality is that human's make mistakes. Caregiver's fatigue and
stress plays a huge role in medication error. It is reported that fatigue and stress increased the risk of
medication error. In a study comparing nurses who worked a 12 hour shift in different age groups,
older nurse's experienced sleeping trouble and were not able to focus on maintaining their
performances during their shift (the average age of US registered nurses is 46.8). Fatigue is related
to misreading labels, because somehow one is not fully conscious, a nurse who worked a 16 hour
shift went into the medication

The Pros And Cons Of Mental Disorders
Throughout the centuries mental illness has been treated by countless treatments. Modern treatments
have created an argument over which treatment options are best. the most debates treatments today
are medication and therapy. the argument of medication versus therapy as treatments for mental
illness is fairly new. Yet, proponents of both sides have strong arguments stating the advantages of
their treatment option. proponents of medication believe pharmacogenetics, tailored treatments, and
medication's ability to treat severe disorders makes medication the better treatment option.
proponents of therapy believe drug addiction, suicide prevention, and need adaption establishes
therapy as the better treatment choice.
Many terms and concepts are commonly associated with mental illness. the topic of mental illness
has many overlapping and subset definitions. Mental illness, a term that encompasses a wide range
of mental disorders, contains subcategories of mental disorders distinguishable by effects on a
person's behavior, thinking, and mood. Disorders are the most commonly referred to an aspect of
mental illness; types of disorders are schizophrenia, anxiety, and depression. Syndromes, even more,
specific than disorders, pertain to particular systems within subcategories of disorders and are
identifiable by distinct symptoms, mental or physical markers expressed by a disease; examples of
syndromes are an obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and post–traumatic stress disorder

Counterfeit Drugs : The World Of Pharmacy
Counterfeit or fake medication is a problem in the world of pharmacy affecting many unsuspecting
patients. These patients buy medication from unlicensed sources such as illegitimate online
pharmacies, usually with the intent of purchasing it for a cheaper price. However, they do not realize
that the product made is artificial and is sub–potent, super–potent, or contaminated, damaging their
health, rather than improving it. Fake drugs can also enter the medical supply chain through active
ingredients made in other countries such as India or China, that are then packaged to countries such
as the United States (Blackstone, Fuhr and Pociask, 2014). The active ingredients would then enter
medicinal products sold in pharmacies, and in medicine given to unsuspecting patients in hospitals.
Regardless of the path of entry into patient's bodies, counterfeit medication is damaging to the
health of patients, as they can give patients an underdose of drug, and toxic contaminants within the
body. Counterfeit drugs pose a very harmful health threat to patients in society.
Counterfeit drugs contain contaminants that can dangerously harm, and in a lot of cases, kill
patients. In 2008 the United States had an incident where the blood–thinner, heparin, used to prevent
blood clotting in patients, was found to be contaminated. 81 patients died as a result (Blackstone,
Fuhr and Pociask, 2014). The contaminant found was an oversulfated version of another drug called
chondroitin sulphate, which

Children and Psychiatric Drugs
The issue that I choose to do my term paper on is, Children and Psychiatric drugs. It is shown, over
the years, to be an increase in diagnosis of psychiatric issues in children causing medications to be
prescribed. It is a concern if there are more children being misdiagnosed, underdiagnosed, or over–
diagnosed. This concern comes from United States having a significant increase in children
psychiatric diagnosis and there are some areas within the United States that have an even higher
diagnosis rate. According to Docksai (2013),
Prescriptions for the antianxiety medications Xanax, Ativan, and Valium saw respective increases of
29%, 36%, and 16% from 2005 through 2009. Prescriptions for Risperdal grew by 45%, and
prescriptions for the anti–depressant Cybalta skyrocketed 237%. A of 2011, one of every Eight
Americans, including children and infants, was on a psychiatric medication. (p. 2).
The medications that are being used include anti–consultants, stimulants, anti–depressants, and
mood stabilizers. These medications can overused or misused due to finding what works for each
child. Here lies a huge ethical dilemma that is very personal to me. According to Parens & Johnston
(2011),
About one in five adolescents has symptoms of a psychological disorder...both the number of
children diagnosed with a psychological disorder and the number receiving medications have risen
dramatically in recent years....The ethical concerns are numerous and varied, whether these

Essay On Psychiatrists
When you hear about psychiatrists, you might have little idea of exactly who they are. What is a
psychiatrist, really? What do they do? Psychiatrists are medical experts specializing in the treatment
of mental disorders such as anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, personality disorders, and others. They
have undergone extensive medical education and training before they are eligible to practice their
profession. They do several interventions for clients that focus mostly on medication and talk
therapy.
What are the roles of a psychiatrist?
Psychiatrists specialize in treating mental disorders. Psychiatrists are also responsible in prescribing,
adjusting, discontinuing psychiatric medications. Psych drugs are challenging to handle because of a
number of reasons. They take some time before they exert their effect, which calls the need for
constant monitoring. Also, these medications carry a lot ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For some this anxiety is so intense that they suffer in silence and never dare to seek help. People
having a psychiatric problem often ponder over the question, how to find best clinical psychiatrist?
No matter what you do, it is unlikely that these anxieties would vanish completely but a well–
informed decision can go a long way in helping you find the best emotional therapist. This question
does not have a simple answer but the following are factors that you should always consider to
ensure you get a professional psychiatrist who is best for you:
1) Relationship: – Just like any other relationship, psychiatric work also requires that both the client
and clinical psychiatrist feel a certain bond, warmth and comfort with each other. If you find your
psychiatrist to be warm, caring, sensitive there is a greater chance that you would make progress
than if you find him or her to be cold, distant and

Hcs/304 Week 3
Social services within the outpatient and inpatient programs are facilitated by the social workers.
The social workers host group therapy sessions, complete treatment plan, facilitates the aftercare
planning meetings between the patient and their family members or friend, locate housing centers
for homeless patients as well as those that are in unsafe living conditions, determine patient
eligibility for program services, conduct biopsychosocial assessments, conduct CDC with patients,
evaluate patients support systems, physical and emotional functioning of the patient's, financial
stability, safety, suicidal/homicidal ideation, implement treatment and discharge plans that coincide
with the patient's medical treatment, and offer referrals to residential housing and community
resources. The medication management therapy group offered by ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Blood test will provide a record adherence, which of course will also need the patient's consent.
Data will be collected at two different intervals after the completion of Med/Education therapy. The
data collection will be for 30 days post–test and 90 days post–test. The patients will receive twenty–
five dollars and door to door transportation for participating in the follow up as an incentive.
Toxicology test will measure the amount of psychotropic medication drugs in the patient's blood
stream. The tests will the ability to measure for one or up to thirty different drugs. A toxicology test
is normally used once a patient enters the inpatient unit. The detection periods for medications
depend on the half–life of the medications (cite). The average length of time medications will last in
a patient's blood streams ranges from two to four days. If a patient is adherent to her/his medication
the primal level within the blood stream should be highly detectable (cite).
Variables and

Gonadotropins Research Paper
Injectable Fertility drugs (gonadotropins)
What are gonadotropins?
Gonadotropins are injectable fertility medications, containing follicle–stimulating hormone (FSH)
alone or combined with luteinizing hormone (LH). During a natural menstrual cycle, both FSH and
LH are produced by the pituitary gland in the brain to naturally stimulate the ovaries to produce a
single egg each month. When FSH (with or without LH) is given as an injection, it works directly on
the ovaries to make multiple follicles (cysts containing eggs).
Gonadotropins are used during fertility treatments such as intrauterine insemination (IUI) or in vitro
fertilization (IVF). Injections of gonadotropins are started early in the menstrual cycle to cause
multiple eggs to grow to a mature size. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), another injectable
medication, is then used to trigger the release of the eggs when they are mature. Close monitoring of
patients with ultrasound who are using these medications is advised in order to minimize the side
effects and risks. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When FSH is given in larger amounts than would occur in a natural menstrual cycle it results in
more than one egg being ripened and matured.
1. Sometimes if you are not ovulating, Gonadotrophins are given in the amount roughly equal to that
of a natural menstrual cycle and this is called ovulation induction.
2. Gonadotrophins are commonly used in IVF cycles. The intention here is to produce ideally 10 to
15 eggs with the aim of fertilizing them outside the body. The reason why so many eggs are
necessary is that the process of IVF is relatively inefficient and the more eggs that are available for
fertilization, the more likely pregnancy is to

Pharmacotherapy for Clients Dependent on a Substance Essay
Medications approved by the FDA for treatment of alcohol and opioid dependence, including
acamprosate, disulfiram, naltrexone, methadone, and buprenorphine, have not been widely studied
in the dually diagnosed population. Often, study participation criteria exclude individuals with co–
occurring substance use disorders and mental illness, and it is only in recent years that research
specifically focused on this population has become more common. Pharmacotherapy has also been
underutilized in practice. A survey of 955 bipolar individuals found that while 8% met criteria for a
current alcohol use disorder and 5% met criteria for a current non–alcohol substance use disorder,
only 0.4% received disulfiram, methadone, naltrexone, and/or ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
There is a dearth of research on the use of acamprosate in the collective dually diagnosed
population, attributable perhaps to its relatively recent approval in 2004. There is, however,
evidence supporting the use of disulfiram and naltrexone. In a landmark study, Croop et al. (1997)
found naltrexone to be safe among 865 clients. Although this study did not specifically focus on
dually diagnosed clients, such clients were common in both the treatment and placebo groups, so the
research is clinically relevant. A later review of 72 clients receiving naltrexone for alcoholism
showed good treatment retention (81.9% completed the 8 week study) and good clinical response
(82% reduced drinking by at least 75% and only 17% relapsed at 8 weeks) (Maxwell & Shinderman,
2000). In a later placebo–controlled study of 254 outpatient clients with diverse psychiatric
disorders and co–occurring alcohol dependence, Petrakis and colleagues (2005) found that use of
disulfiram or naltrexone was associated with a significant reduction in drinking days per week, and
an increase in consecutive days of abstinence, compared to placebo. Clients were randomly assigned
to receive (open–label) disulfiram and (blinded) naltrexone, naltrexone only, disulfiram only, or
placebo only. In this multisite, placebo–controlled study of VA clients, there

Medication Noncompliance
Medication adherence comes from whether or not the patient takes their medication as prescribed,
and on whether or not they continue to take that medication. Medication noncompliance has been a
growing concern in the healthcare industry due to the association with relapse, higher cost of care,
lower level of functioning, risk for suicide, and re–hospitalization with longer hospital stays
(Bressington, Gray, & Mui, 2013). There are many different factors that can be associated with
medication noncompliance in addition to negative attitudes toward taking medication, poor insight,
substance misuse, previous noncompliance and inadequate discharge planning. The goal of this
study is to determine the extensiveness of antipsychotic medication non–compliance

Mental Depression And The Depression
Almost everyone in the world suffers from mental depression. Mental depression is a familiar but a
very serious mental disturbance. It is most of the time categorized by tiredness, loss of appetite, lack
of sleep, sadness, changes in behavior, lack of self–confidence and concentration. According to the
doctors, depression is a mood disorder which includes anger, frustrations or loss. Mental
Depressions often runs in the families but most likely it is caused because of stress or alcohol and
drugs abuse. Sometimes depression comes without any reason even if everything in one's life is
perfectly fine. A person who suffers from mental depression usually appears to be confused,
frightened or nervous. It affects a person's appetite and social life. They feel worthless, restless and
tired most of the time. They lose their self–confidence, concentration and they lose their control over
themselves. People with mental depression may experience from mood swings, lack of sleep and
lack of energy. The most effective ways to treat mental depression are psychotherapies and
antidepressant pills. It is one of the common mental disorders which can affect anyone regardless
their age, sex or race. Mental Depression is just not about feeling down, it is a real illness that could
be dangerous if not treated properly on time.
Furthermore, a person who suffers from mental depression often feels they are worthless and lose
interest in everything which they used to like before. Mental Depression can

My Action Is Morally Permissible
In today's society, us as humans have many different ideologies, but more importantly have ethical
standards that we live by, or most of us do. Ethics is important in everyday life, from having morals
to what you believe in. You have to think about if my action was morally permissible or
impermissible. Was my action wrong or right? All of this comes into play when we talk about
ethical issues we have throughout our lifetime. Many of us consider us as Christians, which you
believe in the Bible, but yet we tend to still have sexual intercourse or intoxicate our bodies with
poison, according to the Bible. We can be hypocrites about our ethical believes! With many couples
who can not have children, more and more Assisted Reproduction is being used. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
First, if Sarah is so focused on not doing anything besides taking fertility medication, then for
myself, it would be very difficult to change her mind. If you ask me, I am a utilitarian and will agree
with Jim more than Sarah, even though I still believe in God. In Sarah case, I describe that God died
to wash out sins away, which were repentance comes in. I would tell Sarah that if we do something
against your religion or if that is a sin, explain to God that I did this for myself and my family,
knowing it was a sin but then ask for his forgiveness. Also, if that is promoting the greater good for
the overall majority, than that would be morally permissible for Jim and he would find happiness in
that. Sarah has think about how God died for all of our sins, meaning he took his own life for the
greater good, which to me, I think God or Jesus has utilitarian characteristics. You also have to look
at the risk associated with assisted reproductive and what could the possible outcomes be. You could
have no success in your journey of ART, but then you could have great success with it. You could
also hurt your body, which could cause physical harm to Sarah body, but not just that, mental harm
to Sarah and Jim. Mental illness is such a big issue in today's world, especially depression and
anxiety. You have to be realistic when it comes to ART, and if you are

Cold Medication

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

More from Patricia Viljoen

More from Patricia Viljoen (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Cold Medication