emulsion,cold cream,vanishing cream,emulsion test

1. GONO BISHWABIDYALAY
Assignment on
Industrial Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical technology
Course code- Pharm – 4701
Submitted By :
MD: Moshiur Rahman
Roll:07(2047)
Semester:7th
=Department: Pharmacy
Submitted To :
MD. Golam Mostofa
Asst. Lecturer
Department of Pharmacy
GONO Bishwabidyalay
Submission Date- 06/10/2020

2. 1.Which tests are performed to identify O/W emulsion & W/O emulsion
Ans: In Naked eyes, it is very difficult to differentiate between o/w & w/o emulsions. This following
methods have been used to identify the type of emulsions.
Identification test for Emulsions:
1. Dye Test
2. Dilution Test
3. Electrical conductivity Test
4. Fluorescence Test
5. Cobalt Test
Dye test:
✓ When an emulsion is mixed with a oil soluble dye such as scarlet red dye and observed under
the microscope.
✓ If the continuous phase shows red color and dispersed globules shows colorless means W/O
type of emulsion.
✓ If the dispersed globules shows red color and continuous phase colorless, means O/W type of
emulsion
Conductivity Test:
➢ Water is good conductor of electricity but oil is not
➢ This test perform by dipping pair of electrode connected by a bulb in the emulsion
➢ If the bulb glow that means O/W type of emulsion
➢ If not glow that means W/O type of emulsion

3. Dilution test:
In this test the emulsion is diluted either with oil or water. If the emulsion is o/w type and it is diluted
with water, it will remain stable as water is the dispersion medium" but if it is diluted with oil, the
emulsion will break as oil and water are not miscible with each other. Oil in water emulsion can easily be
diluted with an aqueous solvent whereas water in oil emulsion can be diluted with a oily liquid.
Fluorescence test:
Oils give fluorescence under UV light, while water doesn’t. Therefore, O/W emulsion shows spotty
pattern when observed under UV. while W/O emulsion fluoresces.

4. COBALT TEST:
PRINCIPLE: Cobalt chloride solution is used for identification of emulsion. It is water soluble so it
changes colour when encountered by o/w emulsion.
Procedure: Filter paper is dipped in emulsion. Filter paper changes its color from blue to pink
As a result emulsion is o/w otherwise not.

5. 2.Write a short note on Vanishing cream.
Ans: Vanishing cream: Creams which spread easily and seem to disappear rapidly when rubbed are
termed as Vanishing creams. These are used in hot climates which cause perspiration on the face.
Vanishing cream are an oil-in-water O/W emulsion consisting of a stearic acid, an alkali, a polyol and
water & produce emollient and moisturizing effect.
Vanishing cream gets the name from the fact that it leaves no trace when rubbed into the skin.
These are O/W emulsions that contains large percentages of water and stearic acid or other oleaginous
components.
IDEAL PROPERTIES OF VANISHING CREAMS
▪ High melting point
▪ Pure whiteness
▪ Very little odor and low iodine number
▪ Rubbed easily on the skin
.
Vanishing Cream to seal moisture in skin.Vanishing Cream can be used to both soften and clean the
skin. It also provides a smooth base for cosmetic products and prevents pores being clogged, while
providing skin with a matte finish. After application the cream leaves a dry but tacky residual film which
also has a drying effect on the skin
Major Ingredients are:
• Steric Acid
• An Alkali (like KOH)
• A Polyol (like glycerin)
• Water in major content.
Composition of vanishing cream
• Stearic acid-17%
• Sodium bicarbonate-0.5%
• Potassium bicarbonate-0.5%
• Glycerin-6%
• Water-71%
• Alcohol-4.5%
• Perfume-0.5%

6. Procedure:
1. Dissolve the sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide in water, add glycerol and preservative and
heat to 80˚C.
2.In another vessel, melt the stearic acid, cetyl alcohol and isopropyl myristate (oily phase) and heat to
75˚C.
3.Add the alkali solution to the melted oily phase with good agitation.
4.When the mixture has cooled to about 45˚C, add the perfume and continue slow mixing until cool .
5. Cover and let it stand overnight. Remix briefly next day before packaging
STEP 1-Melt stearic acid
STEP 2-Mix water , NaOH and glycerin and heat to the same temperature as stearic acid
STEP 3-Mix both the melts together an stir till it becomes creamy.
Difference between Vanishing cream & Cold cream:
Uses oF Vanishing cream:
➢ Used as adhesive for makeup powders.
➢ Reduces loss of moisture from dry skin.
➢ Smoothens the skin and keeps it soft.
➢ Prevents skin from roughening and chapping

7. Name of vanishing cream available in Market:
✓ Pond’s Vanishing Cream
✓ GARNIER Vanishing cream
✓ gohnson’s Vanishing Cream
✓ Lush Vanishing cream
✓ Cuticora Vanishing cream
3.Write down the possible mechanism of hair loss due to vitamin E deficiency ..
Ans:
Vitamin E refers to as a group of compound that include both tochopherol and tocotrienols.eto
An antioxidant that protect body tissue from damage caused by substance called free radicals. To keep
help keep the immune system strong against virus and bacteria .Important in the formation of RED
blood cell & it help the body use vitamin K, vitamin A & vitamin C from getting destroyed .Also helps
widen blood vessels and keep blood from clotting inside them.
Antioxidant helps to improve the hair growth by maintaining the collagen in the body or the connective
tissues of hair follicles’. It also protects the scalp cells in the blood vessels to promote the healthy hair
growth. Antioxidant also prevents the destruction of melanin in the cortex of our hair strand, thus
improving the color retention and integrity of hair making them strong & healthy.

8. Possible mechanism of hair loss due to vitamin E deficiency :
Vitamin E act as an Anti oxidant ,so it helps to fight against free radical. These radicals can have a
negative effect on cells causing oxidative damage that leads to cell death. Antioxidants, such as vitamin
E, prevent cell damage by binding to the free radical and neutralising its unpaired electron. Free radical
can attack hair follicle. Deficiency of Vitamin E as well as Anti oxidant sufficient tochopherol cant
produce .so this damage continues to grow and it becomes evident. your hair color starts to fade at a
pace and texture of your hair becomes rough and porous . Deficiency of tochopherol produce hair
damage

9. Benefits of antioxidants for hair:
The use of antioxidants for hair gives you the multiple benefits. It will increase your immune
system and also fights the sign of hair fall.
• Antioxidants fight the sun damage by protecting the cuticles
• It helps to improve the hair growth in case of alopecia (a form of hair fall)
• It also prevents the premature graying of your hair
• Antioxidants boost the blood circulation and nutrient supply to the scalp cells which
encourages the hair growth
• It also helps to reduce the frizz and calm the split ends
What happens when free radicals attack in hair?
When we step out in the polluted environment, your hair gets bombarded by the reactive oxygen
species (ROS) that slash the very complex structure of each strand of your hair. And if you don’t
take any protection to protect hair from free radicals attack, Hair becomes more prone to damage
and frizz leading to more tangled hair and hair loss.
How free radicals causes hair damage?
There are 2 types of triggers that affect the natural hair cycle. These triggers are internal & external
triggers. Internal triggers include the natural aging process, cortisol hormone (stress hormone), poor
diet and the external factors includes excessive styling of hair, UV exposure, pollution or excessive
workout. These triggers form free radicals in the body and create an imbalance in the body which
disrupts the body’s natural metabolic pathways and hair cycle. They disrupt the signaling
molecules which are responsible for the regulation of hair growth cycle and better hair growth.
these free radicals which causes the inflammation and disruption of the hair cycle which results in an
elongated anagen phase leading to hair re-growth.
This oxidative stress produces ‘ Free Radicals’ in the body which causes hair loss and damage to your
beautiful tresses. The increased production of these free radicals causes the damage to your hair and
results in an imbalance in the body causing the inability of the body to counteract or
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