José Hernández-Orallo, Full Professor, Department of Information Systems and Computation at the Universitat Politecnica de València, presentation “Evaluating Cognitive Systems: Task-oriented or Ability-oriented?” as part of the Cognitive Systems Institute Speaker Series.
The Turing Test - A sociotechnological analysis and prediction - Machine Inte...piero scaruffi
The 'singularity" may be near not because we are making smarter machines but because we are making dumber humans. See also www.scaruffi.com/singular for presentations on AI and the Singularity.
Will the machines save us or kill us all? – that is the question. While many are thrilled with the latest AI
breakthroughs and dream of a shinning AI-powered world, others, like Bill Gates, Elon Musk, Steve Wozniak and the late
and legendary Stephen Hawking, expressed concerns about the evolution of the machines and warned about an
apocalyptic future.
http://www.altitude.com/
The English translation of the content presented at the joint meeting of
Research Meeting for Embodied Approach
http://www.geocities.jp/body_of_knowledge/
and
Meta-theoretical Studies of Mind Science
http://www.isc.meiji.ac.jp/~ishikawa/kokoro.html
on July 11th, 2015.
Ref. Phenomenology of Artefacts
http://rondelionai.blogspot.jp/2014/02/phenomenology-of-artefacts.html
The Japanese (original) version: https://www.slideshare.net/naoyaarakawa39/201507-50448060
Describe what is Artificial Intelligence. What are its goals and Approaches. Different Types of Artificial Intelligence
Explain Machine learning and took one Algorithm "K-means Algorithm" and explained
The Turing Test - A sociotechnological analysis and prediction - Machine Inte...piero scaruffi
The 'singularity" may be near not because we are making smarter machines but because we are making dumber humans. See also www.scaruffi.com/singular for presentations on AI and the Singularity.
Will the machines save us or kill us all? – that is the question. While many are thrilled with the latest AI
breakthroughs and dream of a shinning AI-powered world, others, like Bill Gates, Elon Musk, Steve Wozniak and the late
and legendary Stephen Hawking, expressed concerns about the evolution of the machines and warned about an
apocalyptic future.
http://www.altitude.com/
The English translation of the content presented at the joint meeting of
Research Meeting for Embodied Approach
http://www.geocities.jp/body_of_knowledge/
and
Meta-theoretical Studies of Mind Science
http://www.isc.meiji.ac.jp/~ishikawa/kokoro.html
on July 11th, 2015.
Ref. Phenomenology of Artefacts
http://rondelionai.blogspot.jp/2014/02/phenomenology-of-artefacts.html
The Japanese (original) version: https://www.slideshare.net/naoyaarakawa39/201507-50448060
Describe what is Artificial Intelligence. What are its goals and Approaches. Different Types of Artificial Intelligence
Explain Machine learning and took one Algorithm "K-means Algorithm" and explained
This presentation give an introduction to Artificial Intelligence subjectiveness and history. The primary goal of the presentation is to provide a deep enough understanding of Artificial Narrow Intelligence and Artificial General Intelligence so that the people can appreciate the strengths or weaknesses of the AI. The presentation also includes a classification(the main domains of AI) and the most relevant examples from the past decades. In the second part it provides some statistics and future possible applications and forecasts.
Past, Present and Future of AI: a Fascinating Journey - Ramon Lopez de Mantar...PAPIs.io
Possibly the most important lesson we have learned after 60 years of AI research is that what seemed to be very difficult to achieve, such as accurate medical diagnosis to playing chess at the level of a Grand Master, turned out to be relatively easy whereas what seemed easy, such as visual object recognition or deep language understanding, turned out to be extremely difficult. In my talk I will try to explain the reasons for this apparent contradiction by briefly reviewing the past and present of AI and projecting it into the near future.
Ramon Lopez de Mantaras is Research Professor of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and Director of the Artificial Intelligence Research Institute of the CSIC. Technical Engineer EE (Electrical Engineering) from the Technical Engineering School of Mondragón (Spain) in 1973. Master of Sciences in Automatic Control from the University of Toulouse III (France) in 1974, Ph.D. in Physics from the University of Toulouse III (France), in 1977, with a thesis in Robotics (done at LAAS, CNRS). Master of Science in Engineering (ComputerScience) from the University of California at Berkeley (USA) in 1979. Ph.D. in Computer Science, from the Technical University of Catalonia, Barcelona (Spain) in 1981.
Introduction to Artificial intelligence and MLbansalpra7
**Title: Understanding the Landscape of Artificial Intelligence: A Comprehensive Exploration**
**I. Introduction**
In recent decades, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force, reshaping industries, influencing daily life, and pushing the boundaries of human capabilities. This comprehensive exploration delves into the multifaceted landscape of AI, encompassing its origins, key concepts, applications, ethical considerations, and future prospects.
**II. Historical Perspective**
AI's roots can be traced back to ancient history, where philosophers contemplated the nature of intelligence. However, it wasn't until the mid-20th century that AI as a field of study gained momentum. The influential Dartmouth Conference in 1956 marked the official birth of AI, with early pioneers like Alan Turing laying the theoretical groundwork.
**III. Foundations of AI**
Understanding AI requires grasping its foundational principles. Machine Learning (ML), a subset of AI, empowers machines to learn patterns and make decisions without explicit programming. Within ML, various approaches, such as supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning, play crucial roles in shaping AI applications.
**IV. Types of Artificial Intelligence**
AI is not a monolithic entity; it spans a spectrum of capabilities. Narrow AI, also known as Weak AI, excels in specific tasks, like image recognition or language translation. In contrast, General AI, or Strong AI, would possess human-like intelligence across a wide range of tasks, a goal that remains a long-term aspiration.
**V. Applications of AI**
AI's impact is felt across diverse sectors. In healthcare, AI aids in diagnostics and personalized treatment plans. In finance, it enhances fraud detection and risk assessment. Self-driving cars exemplify AI in transportation, while virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa showcase its role in daily life. The convergence of AI with other technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and robotics, amplifies its transformative potential.
**VI. Machine Learning Algorithms**
The backbone of AI lies in its algorithms. Linear regression, decision trees, neural networks, and deep learning models are among the many tools in the ML toolkit. Exploring the mechanics of these algorithms reveals the intricacies of how AI processes information, learns from data, and makes predictions.
A brief Introduction to AI and its applications in Gaming. Talk was at "Advances & Research Challenges in the Applications of AI in Gaming, Medical Imaging and Bio-Informatics"
On the problems of interface: explainability, conceptual spaces, relevanceGiovanni Sileno
Summary talk of the research conducted at Télécom ParisTech and Paris Dauphine University during my postdoc project (2016-2018), in collaboration with Isabelle Bloch, Jamal Atif and Jean-Louis Dessalles.
It should be no surprise that AI is treading a similar path to computing which began with single-purpose machines tasked for payroll calculations, banking transactions, or weapons targeting et al, but nothing more! It took decades for General Purpose Computing to emerge in the form of the now ubiquitous PC. Today, AI is still in a single-purpose/task-specific phase, and we have no general-purpose platforms, but their emergence is only a matter of time!
Recent AI progress has seen a repeat of the media debate and alarmist warnings for our computing past, compounded by consequential advances in robotics. In turn, this has promoted numerous attempts to draw biological equivalences defining the time when machines will overtake humans. But without any workable definitions or framework that tend to little more than un/educated guesses. Recourse to IQ measures and the Touring test have proved to be irrelevant, and without a reference framework or formal characterisation, continued discussion and debate remain futile
We therefore approach this AI problem from the bottom up by defining the simplest of machines and lifeforms to derive clues, pointers and basic boundary conditions . This sees a fundamental Entropic description emerge that is applicable to both machine and lifeforms.
This presentation is suitable for professionals and the public alike, and is fully illustrated by high-quality graphics, animations and, movies. Inevitably, it contains some mathematics that non-practitioners will have to take on trust, but the focus is on defining the key characteristics, parameters, and important features of AI, our total dependence, and the future!
Note: A 40 min session for a predominantly ley audience and not all the slides presented here were used on the day. Their inclusion here is in response to those audience members requesting more detail at the end of/during the event.
Harry Collins - Testing Machines as Social Prostheses - EuroSTAR 2013TEST Huddle
EuroSTAR Software Testing Conference 2013 presentation on Testing Machines as Social Prostheses by Harry Collins.
See more at: http://conference.eurostarsoftwaretesting.com/past-presentations/
A fascinating View of the Artificial Intelligence Journey.
Ramón López de Mántaras, Ph.D.
Technical and Business Perspectives on the Current and Future Impact of Machine Learning - MLVLC
October 20, 2015
It is not by accident that all these technologies appear to have come onto the scene at almost the same time. They are all driven, and or enabled, by the same hardware platforms based upon silicon with chip densities that now rival, or exceed, many biological lifeforms. Their ability to support increasingly complex software has seen AI and robotics become major industrial and medical tools. At the same time, Artificial Life is being applied in a more invisible manner, with Quantum Computing promising to change everything.
So why are these technologies so important? In short; they allow us to tackle and understand the most difficult problems facing our species. And all of these are complex, non-linear, with emergent properties that defy our mathematical and computing frameworks. Problems that are way beyond any biological brain include: protein folding; stem cell behaviours; drug interactions; the understanding of chemistry, biology, seismic activity, and weather systems, pollution and global warming; plus the creation of new materials, device, machine and building design.
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Rama Akkiraju, Distinguished Engineer and Master Inventor at IBM, presention "Building Compassionate Conversational Systems" as part of the Cognitive Systems Institute Speaker Series.
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This presentation give an introduction to Artificial Intelligence subjectiveness and history. The primary goal of the presentation is to provide a deep enough understanding of Artificial Narrow Intelligence and Artificial General Intelligence so that the people can appreciate the strengths or weaknesses of the AI. The presentation also includes a classification(the main domains of AI) and the most relevant examples from the past decades. In the second part it provides some statistics and future possible applications and forecasts.
Past, Present and Future of AI: a Fascinating Journey - Ramon Lopez de Mantar...PAPIs.io
Possibly the most important lesson we have learned after 60 years of AI research is that what seemed to be very difficult to achieve, such as accurate medical diagnosis to playing chess at the level of a Grand Master, turned out to be relatively easy whereas what seemed easy, such as visual object recognition or deep language understanding, turned out to be extremely difficult. In my talk I will try to explain the reasons for this apparent contradiction by briefly reviewing the past and present of AI and projecting it into the near future.
Ramon Lopez de Mantaras is Research Professor of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and Director of the Artificial Intelligence Research Institute of the CSIC. Technical Engineer EE (Electrical Engineering) from the Technical Engineering School of Mondragón (Spain) in 1973. Master of Sciences in Automatic Control from the University of Toulouse III (France) in 1974, Ph.D. in Physics from the University of Toulouse III (France), in 1977, with a thesis in Robotics (done at LAAS, CNRS). Master of Science in Engineering (ComputerScience) from the University of California at Berkeley (USA) in 1979. Ph.D. in Computer Science, from the Technical University of Catalonia, Barcelona (Spain) in 1981.
Introduction to Artificial intelligence and MLbansalpra7
**Title: Understanding the Landscape of Artificial Intelligence: A Comprehensive Exploration**
**I. Introduction**
In recent decades, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force, reshaping industries, influencing daily life, and pushing the boundaries of human capabilities. This comprehensive exploration delves into the multifaceted landscape of AI, encompassing its origins, key concepts, applications, ethical considerations, and future prospects.
**II. Historical Perspective**
AI's roots can be traced back to ancient history, where philosophers contemplated the nature of intelligence. However, it wasn't until the mid-20th century that AI as a field of study gained momentum. The influential Dartmouth Conference in 1956 marked the official birth of AI, with early pioneers like Alan Turing laying the theoretical groundwork.
**III. Foundations of AI**
Understanding AI requires grasping its foundational principles. Machine Learning (ML), a subset of AI, empowers machines to learn patterns and make decisions without explicit programming. Within ML, various approaches, such as supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning, play crucial roles in shaping AI applications.
**IV. Types of Artificial Intelligence**
AI is not a monolithic entity; it spans a spectrum of capabilities. Narrow AI, also known as Weak AI, excels in specific tasks, like image recognition or language translation. In contrast, General AI, or Strong AI, would possess human-like intelligence across a wide range of tasks, a goal that remains a long-term aspiration.
**V. Applications of AI**
AI's impact is felt across diverse sectors. In healthcare, AI aids in diagnostics and personalized treatment plans. In finance, it enhances fraud detection and risk assessment. Self-driving cars exemplify AI in transportation, while virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa showcase its role in daily life. The convergence of AI with other technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and robotics, amplifies its transformative potential.
**VI. Machine Learning Algorithms**
The backbone of AI lies in its algorithms. Linear regression, decision trees, neural networks, and deep learning models are among the many tools in the ML toolkit. Exploring the mechanics of these algorithms reveals the intricacies of how AI processes information, learns from data, and makes predictions.
A brief Introduction to AI and its applications in Gaming. Talk was at "Advances & Research Challenges in the Applications of AI in Gaming, Medical Imaging and Bio-Informatics"
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It should be no surprise that AI is treading a similar path to computing which began with single-purpose machines tasked for payroll calculations, banking transactions, or weapons targeting et al, but nothing more! It took decades for General Purpose Computing to emerge in the form of the now ubiquitous PC. Today, AI is still in a single-purpose/task-specific phase, and we have no general-purpose platforms, but their emergence is only a matter of time!
Recent AI progress has seen a repeat of the media debate and alarmist warnings for our computing past, compounded by consequential advances in robotics. In turn, this has promoted numerous attempts to draw biological equivalences defining the time when machines will overtake humans. But without any workable definitions or framework that tend to little more than un/educated guesses. Recourse to IQ measures and the Touring test have proved to be irrelevant, and without a reference framework or formal characterisation, continued discussion and debate remain futile
We therefore approach this AI problem from the bottom up by defining the simplest of machines and lifeforms to derive clues, pointers and basic boundary conditions . This sees a fundamental Entropic description emerge that is applicable to both machine and lifeforms.
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Cognitive systems institute talk 8 june 2017 - v.1.0
1. José Hernández-Orallo
Dep. de Sistemes Informàtics i Computació,
Universitat Politècnica de València
jorallo@dsic.upv.es
Talk for the Cognitive Systems Institute Speaker series
8 June 2017* Based on parts of the book:
“The Measure of All Minds”:
http://allminds.org
2. E V A L U A T I N G C O G N I T I V E S Y S T E M S : T A S K - O R I E N T E D O R
A B I L I T Y - O R I E N T E D ?
2
“Greatest accuracy, at the frontiers of science,
requires greatest effort, and probably the most
expensive or complicated of measurement
instruments and procedures”
(David Hand, 2004).
3. COGNITIVE SYSTEMS: MUCH MORE THAN AI
Computers:
AI or AGI systems, robots, bots, …
Cognitively-enhanced organisms, cognitive prosthetics
Cyborgs, technology-enhanced humans
Biologically-enhanced computers:
Human computation and their data
(Hybrid) collectives
Virtual social networks, crowdsourcing
Minimal or rare cognition
Artificial life (more like bacteria, plants, etc.)
E V A L U A T I N G C O G N I T I V E S Y S T E M S : T A S K - O R I E N T E D O R
A B I L I T Y - O R I E N T E D ?
3
Societal impact on
work, leisure, health, etc.,
difficult to assess as we
do not know the cognitive
capabilities of all these
new systems.
4. THE EVALUATION DISCORDANCE: AI EVALUATION
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Edited image, originally from wikicommons
"[AI is] the science of making
machines do things that would require
intelligence if done by [humans]."
Marvin Minsky (1968).
They can do the “things” (tasks) without
featuring intelligence.
Once the task is solved (“superhuman”),
it is no longer an AI problem (“AI effect”)
AI would have progressed very significantly
(see, e.g., Nilsson, 2009, chap. 32, or Bostrom, 2014, Table 1, pp. 12–13).
But AI is now full of idiots savants.
5. THE EVALUATION DISCORDANCE: AI EVALUATION
Specific (task-oriented) AI systems
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Machine translation, information retrieval,
summarisation
Warning!
Intelligence
NOT included.
PR: computer vision,
speech recognition, etc.
Robotic
navigation
Driverless
vehicles
Prediction and
estimation
Planning and
scheduling
Automated
deduction
Knowledge-
based assistants
Game
playing
Warning!
Intelligence
NOT included. Warning!
Intelligence
NOT included.
Warning!
Intelligence
NOT included.
Warning!
Intelligence
NOT included.
Warning!
Intelligence
NOT included.
Warning!
Intelligence
NOT included.
Warning!
Intelligence
NOT included.
Warning!
Intelligence
NOT included.
All images from wikicommons
6. THE EVALUATION DISCORDANCE: AI EVALUATION
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Specific domain evaluation settings:
CADE ATP System Competition PROBLEM BENCHMARKS
Termination Competition PROBLEM BENCHMARKS
The reinforcement learning competition PROBLEM BENCHMARKS
Program synthesis (Syntax-guided synthesis) PROBLEM BENCHMARKS
Loebner Prize HUMAN DISCRIMINATION
Robocup and FIRA (robot football/soccer) PEER CONFRONTATION
International Aerial Robotics Competition (pilotless aircraft) PROBLEM BENCHMARKS
DARPA driverless cars, Cyber Grand Challenge, Rescue Robotics PROBLEM BENCHMARKS
The planning competition PROBLEM BENCHMARKS
General game playing AAAI competition PEER CONFRONTATION
BotPrize (videogame player) contest HUMAN DISCRIMINATION
World Computer Chess Championship PEER CONFRONTATION
Computer Olympiad PEER CONFRONTATION
Annual Computer Poker Competition PEER CONFRONTATION
Trading agent competition PEER CONFRONTATION
Robo Chat Challenge HUMAN DISCRIMINATION
UCI repository, PRTools, or KEEL dataset repository. PROBLEM BENCHMARKS
KDD-cup challenges and ML kaggle competitions PROBLEM BENCHMARKS
Machine translation corpora: Europarl, SE times corpus, the euromatrix, Tenjinno competitions… PROBLEM BENCHMARKS
NLP corpora: linguistic data consortium, … PROBLEM BENCHMARKS
Warlight AI Challenge PEER CONFRONTATION
The Arcade Learning Environment PROBLEM BENCHMARKS
Pathfinding benchmarks (gridworld domains) PROBLEM BENCHMARKS
Genetic programming benchmarks PROBLEM BENCHMARKS
CAPTCHAs HUMAN DISCRIMINATION
Graphics Turing Test HUMAN DISCRIMINATION
FIRA HuroCup humanoid robot competitions PROBLEM BENCHMARKS
…
7. THE EVALUATION DISCORDANCE: AI EVALUATION
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Cognitive robots
Intelligent assistants
Pets, animats and other
artificial companions
Smart environments
Agents, avatars, chatbots
Web-bots, Smartbots, Security bots…
How to evaluate general-purpose systems and cognitive components?
Warning!
Some intelligence
MAY BE included.
Warning!
Some intelligence
MAY BE included.
Warning!
Some intelligence
MAY BE included.
Warning!
Some intelligence
MAY BE included.
Warning!
Some intelligence
MAY BE included.
Warning!
Some intelligence
MAY BE included.
8. THE EVALUATION DISCORDANCE: AI EVALUATION
“Mythical Turing Test” (Sloman, 2014)
and its myriad variants…
Mythical human-level machine intelligence
A red herring for general-purpose AI!
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9. THE EVALUATION DISCORDANCE: AI EVALUATION
What benchmarks? More comprehensive?
ARISTO (Allen Institute for AI) : College science exams
Winograd Schema Challenge : Questions targeting understanding.
Weston et al. “AI-Complete Question Answering” (bAbI)
CLEVR : Relations over visual objects
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BEWARE: AI-Completeness claimed before
Calculation, Chess, Go, Turing test, …
Now AI is superhuman on most of them!
(e.g., https://arxiv.org/pdf/1706.01427.pdf)
10. THE EVALUATION DISCORDANCE: TEST MISMATCH
What about psychometric tests or animal tests in AI?
In 2003, Sanghi & Dowe :
simple program passing many IQ tests.
About 960 lines of code in Perl!
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This made the point
unequivocally:
programs passing IQ
tests are not
necessarily intelligent
11. THE EVALUATION DISCORDANCE: TEST MISMATCH
This has not been a deterrent!
Psychometric AI (Bringsjord and Schmimanski 2003):
An “agent is intelligent if and only if it excels at all
established, validated tests of intelligence”.
Detterman, editor of the Intelligence Journal, posed “A
challenge to Watson” (Detterman 2011)
2nd level to “be truly intelligent”: tests not seen
beforehand.
“IQ tests are not for machines, yet” (Dowe & Hernandez-Orallo
2012)
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12. THE EVALUATION DISCORDANCE: TEST MISMATCH
What about developmental tests (or tests for children)?
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Developmental robotics:
Battery of tests (Sinapov, Stoytchev, Schenk 2010-13)
Cognitive architectures:
Newell “test” (Anderson and Lebiere 2003)
“Cognitive Decathlon” (Mueller 2007).
AGI: high-level competency areas (Adams
et al. 2012), task breadth (Goertzel et al 2009,
Rohrer 2010), robot preschool (Goertzel and
Bugaj 2009).
a taxonomy for
cognitive architectures
a psychometric
taxonomy (CHC)
13. THE EVALUATION DISCORDANCE: TEST MISMATCH
Adapting tests between disciplines (AI, psychometrics, comparative
psychology) is problematic:
Test from one group only valid and reliable for the original group.
Not necessary and/or not sufficient for the ability.
Machines and hybrids represent a new population.
Nowadays, many benchmarks are assuming that AI will use deep
learning or millions of examples.
But machines and hybrids are also an opportunity to understand how
to evaluate cognition. Still,
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We need a different foundation
14. THE ALGORITHMIC CONFLUENCE: WHAT IQ TESTS MEASURE
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“Beyond the Turing Test”…
“Intelligence” definition and test (C-test) based on algorithmic
information theory (Hernandez-Orallo 1998-2000).
Letter series common in cognitive tests (Thurstone).
Here generated from a TM with properties (projectibility, stability, …).
Their difficulty is calculated by Kt
Linked with Levin’s universal search, Solomonoff’s inductive
inference, Kolmogorov complexity.
15. THE ALGORITHMIC CONFLUENCE: WHAT IQ TESTS MEASURE
Metric derived by slicing by difficulty h (Kt) and :
This is IQ-test re-engineering!
Intelligence no longer “what intelligence tests measure” (Boring, 1923).
Clues about what IQ tests really measure? Inductive inference.
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Human performance
correlated with the difficulty
(h) of each exercise.
But remember Sanghi and Dowe 2003!
16. THE ALGORITHMIC CONFLUENCE: SITUATED TESTS
Passive to interactive view:
Intelligence as performance in a range of worlds.
The set of worlds M is described by Turing machines.
Intelligence is measured as an aggregate:
R aggregates ri and p assigns probabilities to environments. How?
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π μ
ri
oi
ai
17. THE ALGORITHMIC CONFLUENCE: SOLUTIONAL APPROACH
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Three approaches:
Range of difficulties Diversity of solutions
[universal, e.g. Legg and Hutter]
[uniform] [universal]
[universal][uniform][uniform]
[With the choices in brackets, they are NOT equivalent]
18. THE ALGORITHMIC CONFLUENCE: SOLUTIONAL APPROACH
A different view of “general intelligence”:
Policy-general intelligence: aggregate by difficulty (e.g., bounded
uniform distribution) and for each difficulty look for diversity.
Connected to the task-independence of the g factor.
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Raises a fascinating question: Is there a universal g factor?
Ability to find, integrate and emulate a
diverse range of successful policies.
19. FROM TASKS TO ABILITIES: CLUSTERING BY SIMILARITY
Focus first on intermediate levels between tasks and abilities:
Do we have an intrinsic notion of similarity between tasks?
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Task breadth? Arrange abilities?
Hierarchically (e.g., Catell-Horn-Carroll)
Spatially (e.g., Guttman’s model)
20. FROM TASKS TO ABILITIES: CLUSTERING BY SIMILARITY
Example (ECA rules as tasks).
Task description is not used. No population is used either.
The best solutions are used instead and compared.
Using similarity as difficulty increases (18 rules of difficulty 8):
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Dendrogram using complete linkageMetric multidimensional scaling
21. NEW AI EVALUATION PLATFORMS: A COSMOS
Here they are:
Facebook’s bAbi
Arcade Learning Env. (Atari)
Video Game Definition Language
OpenAI Gym and Universe
Microsoft’s Project Malmo
DeepMind Lab
Facebook’s TorchCraft
Facebook’s CommAI
AI Magazine report: “A New AI Evaluation Cosmos”
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Most (except CommAI) oriented towards the evaluation of
very embodied AI, but what about more abstract cognition?
22. IS THIS SUFFICIENT? OPEN QUESTIONS
What do these platforms / test measure?
Depends on the tasks we define!
Many things to be done
Task analysis, their similarities, difficulties, their requirements (data)
Abilities: be conceptualised and identified.
Ability-oriented (or feature-oriented) evaluation
Incremental, gradual, curriculum, …: task similarity → dependency
Recent (EGPAI@ECAI2016, MAIN@NIPS2016) and upcoming workshops
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EGPAI@IJCAI2017
MAIN@NIPS2017 ?
23. IS THIS SUFFICIENT? OPEN QUESTIONS
We want cognitive components that could be easily integrated into
standalone cognitive systems.
What to measure:
“specific entities”, “networks” or “services” (Spohrer and Banavar 2015)
We need a different kind of 'specification' of
What the components are able to do.
What the integrated systems will be able to do,
Depending on their integration (tight, loose, teams, etc.).
Understanding the inclusion or emergence of general abilities.
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24. CONCLUSIONS
Increasing need for the evaluation of cognitive systems:
Plethora of new systems: AI, hybrids, collectives, etc.
Crucial to assess their cognitive profiles unlike and beyond humans’.
Critical for recognising what professions can be automated first.
Compensating for several cognitive impairments (e.g., aging).
From a task-oriented to an ability-oriented evaluation:
Evaluating cognitive abilities requires a change of paradigm:
From a populational to a universal perspective,
From agglomerative (task diversity) to solutional (policy diversity) approaches,
Hierarchical view, clustering bottom-up.
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25. E V A L U A T I N G C O G N I T I V E S Y S T E M S : T A S K - O R I E N T E D O R
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THANK YOU!
More info:
BOOK
“The Measure of All Minds: Evaluating Natural
and Artificial Intelligence”, Cambridge
University Press, 2017. http://www.allminds.org
An AI Evaluation Survey
"Evaluation in artificial intelligence: From task-
oriented to ability-oriented measurement",
Artificial Intelligence Review, 2016