Psychological treatment is a healing process that takes place between two (or more) people, the therapist/psychologist and the client/s

1. Psychological treatment
Prof Dr Ram K Maharjan

2. Psychological treatment
• Psychological treatment is a healing process that takes place between
two (or more) people, the therapist/psychologist and the client/s.
• On the practical level, (individual) psychological treatment is a process
of conversation between two people, aimed at improving the
emotional state of the person who has sought the service, i.e. the
client.

3. Psychological treatment
• This definition depends on the encounter between the client's needs
on the one hand and the therapist's theoretical attitudes on the other
hand.
• A psychologist, who believes that the purpose in life is to reduce
suffering or adjust, will work differently from a psychologist who
believes that a person should produce meaningful goals for their life.

4. Psychological treatment
• Psychological treatment is based on the developmental work; the fact
that we were born into, grew in and developed from a relationship,
and that is why when we wish to improve our existential being, a
relationship can do this.

5. Psychological Therapies
Talking Therapy
• An extreme stress – A person needs to learn what zone is best for him
or herself.
• Optimum anxiety – A person needs to use relaxation techniques to
get into a safe zone.
• Self-consciousness about the activities - to concentrate, to handle dis-
tractions, and to manage self-talk.
• It is necessary to discover: what is troubling, what is blocking, what
may be the way out?

6. Positive Coping Mechanisms
Certain stress-coping habits allow for positive coping of
stress without consequences, providing they are done at a
safe and effective level for the individual. These include:
• A positive mindset
• Rest and relaxation
• Regular involvement in the work
• Adequate and balanced nutrition
• Good communication

7. Positive Coping Mechanisms
• Emotional support
• Relationship building
• Humour
• Time planning
• Financial planning

8. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT)
• CBT is a structured psychological treatment which
recognises that the way we think (cognition) and act
(behaviour) affects the way we feel.
• CBT is one of the most effective treatments for
depression, and has been found to be useful for a
wide range of ages, including children, adolescents,
adults and older people.

9. • CBT involves working with a professional (therapist) to
identify thought and behaviour patterns that are
either making us more likely to become depressed, or
stopping us from getting better when we’re
experiencing depression.
• It works to change our thoughts and behaviour by
teaching us to think rationally about common
difficulties, helping us to shift negative or unhelpful
thought patterns and reactions to a more realistic,
positive and problem-solving approach.

10. Interpersonal Therapy (IPT)
• IPT is a structured psychological therapy that focuses on problems in
personal relationships and the skills needed to deal with these.
• IPT is based on the idea that relationship problems can have a
significant effect on someone experiencing depression, and can even
contribute to the cause.

11. Interpersonal Therapy (IPT)
• IPT helps us recognise patterns in our relationships that make us
more vulnerable to depression. Identifying these patterns means we
can focus on improving relationships, coping with grief and finding
new ways to get along with others.

12. Behaviour Therapy
• While behaviour therapy is a major component of
cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT), unlike CBT it
doesn’t attempt to change beliefs and attitudes.
• Instead it focuses on encouraging activities that are
rewarding, pleasant or satisfying, aiming to reverse
the patterns of avoidance, withdrawal and inactivity
that make depression worse.

13. Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT)
• MBCT is generally delivered in groups and
involves a type of meditation called
'mindfulness meditation'.
• This teaches us to focus on the present
moment – just noticing whatever we’re
experiencing, whether it's pleasant or
unpleasant – without trying to change it.
• At first, this approach is used to focus on
physical sensations (like breathing), but then
moves on to feelings and thoughts.

14. • MBCT can help to stop our mind wandering off
into thoughts about the future or the past, and
avoid unpleasant thoughts and feelings.
• This is thought to be helpful in preventing
depression from returning because it
encourages us to notice feelings of sadness
and negative thinking patterns early on, before
they become fixed. As a result, we’re able to
deal with warning signs earlier and more
effectively.