SBC is a UK-based premium drinks company with four divisions: export, containers, brand creation, and private label. It is the largest independent exporter of ales and ciders from the UK, with a presence in 60 countries through over 150 importers. SBC works with brewers and importers to manage the supply chain efficiently, exporting around 50,000 hectolitres annually. Recent investments have expanded SBC's sales, operations, and virtual warehouse management systems to increase efficiency and support further growth.
Presentation given by Dr. Charles Browne of Meiji Gakuin University in Japan at the METU Conference in Ankara Turkey. Explains why EnglishCentral is a great solution for learning and teaching English.
This document discusses language functions and their use in communication. It introduces functions, their purpose, and different ways of performing them. It describes functionalist theorists like Halliday and Jakobson, with Jakobson proposing a model of communication composed of six elements: context, addresser, addressee, contact, message, and common code. When multiple functions are present, there is either a simple hierarchy or ranking criteria to determine the dominant function, which is the main intention being conveyed. Functions can have direct or inverse correlations in how they intensify or decline based on each other. Language functions are used to express feelings, meanings, attitudes, opinions, ideas, experiences, and to control behavior or communicate information to
Using construction grammar in conversational systemsCJ Jenkins
This thesis explored using construction grammar and ontologies in conversational systems. The author built two early experimental systems using these techniques. Construction grammar represents language as constructions pairing form and meaning. Ontologies allow for more explicit semantics compared to databases. The author developed a stemmer called UEA-Lite and a system called KIA that incorporated construction grammar, ontologies, and machine learning to understand and respond to natural language.
La Unión Europea ha acordado un paquete de sanciones contra Rusia por su invasión de Ucrania. Las sanciones incluyen restricciones a las importaciones de productos rusos de alta tecnología y a las exportaciones de bienes de lujo a Rusia. Además, se congelarán los activos de varios oligarcas rusos y se prohibirá el acceso de los bancos rusos a los mercados financieros de la UE.
This document discusses using a cognitive grammar approach to user experience (UX) design. It proposes that interfaces can be viewed as languages with underlying grammars and conceptual models. The author describes their experience applying grammatical distinctions like objects and verbs to the information architecture of a banking app. The document then discusses how UX research can be used to develop an ontology conceptualizing a domain and how prototypes can help test and refine the conceptual model through an iterative process.
This document discusses functional approaches to studying second language acquisition (SLA). It outlines four main functional approaches: Systemic Linguistics, Functional Typology, Function-to-form mapping, and Information organization. Systemic Linguistics analyzes language in terms of choices available to express meaning within social contexts. Functional Typology classifies languages based on similarities and differences. Function-to-form mapping views acquisition as a process of grammaticalization from context to lexical items to grammatical markers. Information organization focuses on utterance structure and how learners organize words.
Tinydb is a web service that allows users to shorten URLs and associate structured data with the shortened URLs. This allows social media users to include more information in messages that have character limits. The paper discusses how tinydb could be used with Twitter to include metadata and longer URLs in tweets. However, tinydb URLs raise privacy, security, and link rot issues that would need to be addressed before widespread adoption.
M.A.K. Halliday was a prominent British linguist and teacher known for developing Systemic Functional Linguistics. He was born in 1925 in Leeds, England and studied Chinese language and linguistics, obtaining a PhD from Cambridge University. Halliday had an illustrious academic career, holding professorships at several prestigious universities and receiving numerous honors for his work developing Systemic Functional Linguistics.
Present Perfect for Brazilian Students: a cognitive approachgislenefernandes
Power Point presentation created by Gislene Soares, Marcela Siqueira and Rafael Barufaldi.
Course: Topics in Semantics
Undergraduate course: English Language and Literature
Institution: Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas/Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil.
This document provides an overview of functional dependency grammars and their parsers. It discusses the history and key concepts of dependency syntax, including its emphasis on relations between syntactic units rather than classification. An example sentence is parsed to show syntactic units and their relations. Finally, some existing parsers using functional dependency grammars are mentioned, including ones for English, Finnish, and Romanian.
This document discusses the history of diachronic linguistics in the 19th century. It explores how early linguists viewed languages through a historical lens and were influenced by mechanistic physics and biological evolution theories. Two influential paradigms emerged: the family tree theory proposing languages evolve in a branching pattern, and the wave theory arguing innovations spread between languages. The document also describes how languages were classified based on their treatment of meaning units in words.
European linguistics in the 20th centuryRicardo Nuñez
The Prague School was an influential linguistic circle established in 1926 in Prague. It studied language as a system of functionally related units and emphasized the functions that linguistic elements fulfill. The Prague School's major contributions included its conception of linguistic function, the concept of phonological opposition, the theory of markedness, and the distinction between theme and rheme. The general approach of the Prague School can be described as a combination of structuralism and functionalism.
Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) is a theory of language developed in the 1960s by Michael Halliday that views grammar as a social semiotic system. SFG analyzes authentic language use within a social and cultural context. It interprets language as a network of systems for making meanings and aims to explain the relationship between linguistic forms and the functions they serve. SFG analyzes texts using three metafunctions: the ideational, which relates to content; the interpersonal, which relates to interaction; and the textual, which relates to organization. Context is analyzed across three parameters: field, tenor, and mode.
Functional linguistics claims that language use is functional, with the main function being to make meanings. These meanings are influenced by social and cultural context. Language use involves a semiotic process of choosing meanings. Jakobson identifies six communication functions associated with the communication process: referential, aesthetic, emotive, conative, phatic, and metalingual. Halliday sees language as a social/cultural phenomenon. He identifies seven functions language serves for children: instrumental, regulatory, interactional, personal, heuristic, imaginative, and representational. Systemic functional linguistics analyzes language in terms of context, semantics, lexico-grammar, and phonology-graphology. It sees three types of meanings encoded simultaneously
Structuralism was the first school of psychology and focused on breaking down mental processes into the most basic components. Researchers tried to understand the basic elements of consciousness using a method known as introspection. Wilhelm Wundt, founder of the first psychology lab, is often associated with this school of thought despite the fact that it was his student Edward B. Titchener who first coined the term to describe this school of thought.
Functionalism formed as a reaction to the structuralism and was heavily influenced by the work of William James and the evolutionary theory of Charles Darwin. Functionalists sought to explain the mental processes in a more systematic and accurate manner. Rather than focusing on the elements of consciousness, functionalists focused on the purpose of consciousness and behavior. Functionalism also emphasized individual differences, which had a profound impact on education.
The document discusses functional linguistics theories including Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) and Speech Act Theory. It covers:
- SFG views meaning as primary, with language having features to perform functions. Two main schools are the Prague School (Jakobson) and Copenhagen School (Halliday).
- Jakobson identified 6 language functions. Halliday identified 3 metafunctions - ideational (experience), interpersonal (interaction), and textual (structure).
- Speech Act Theory sees utterances as doing more than just meaning, with locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary acts. Illocutionary acts include assertives, directives, commissives, expressives,
Structuralism and Post-Structuralism examines the key ideas of structuralism and post-structuralism. Structuralism views elements of culture as having meaning only in how they relate to an underlying system or structure. It rejects ideas as divine and sees them as produced by socio-economic forces. Post-structuralism emerged in response, arguing that any structure is itself a center that imposes meaning, and that texts have multiple meanings without reference to structure. The document also discusses how some Muslim scholars applied structuralist ideas to understanding concepts like the structure of the Quran.
This document discusses the functional approach to language development. It presents opposing views of language being either an autonomous system or shaped by its communicative functions. It then discusses how social interaction aids language development according to Holzman's reciprocal model. Finally, it outlines Halliday's model of language functions including instrumental, personal, social, regulatory, representational, heuristic, and imaginative functions and how these relate to language structure and classroom experiences.
SBC is a UK-based premium drinks company with four divisions: export, containers, brand creation, and private label. It is the largest independent exporter of ales and ciders from the UK, with a presence in 60 countries through over 150 importers. SBC works with brewers and importers to manage the supply chain efficiently, exporting around 50,000 hectolitres annually. Recent investments have expanded SBC's sales, operations, and virtual warehouse management systems to increase efficiency and support further growth.
Presentation given by Dr. Charles Browne of Meiji Gakuin University in Japan at the METU Conference in Ankara Turkey. Explains why EnglishCentral is a great solution for learning and teaching English.
This document discusses language functions and their use in communication. It introduces functions, their purpose, and different ways of performing them. It describes functionalist theorists like Halliday and Jakobson, with Jakobson proposing a model of communication composed of six elements: context, addresser, addressee, contact, message, and common code. When multiple functions are present, there is either a simple hierarchy or ranking criteria to determine the dominant function, which is the main intention being conveyed. Functions can have direct or inverse correlations in how they intensify or decline based on each other. Language functions are used to express feelings, meanings, attitudes, opinions, ideas, experiences, and to control behavior or communicate information to
Using construction grammar in conversational systemsCJ Jenkins
This thesis explored using construction grammar and ontologies in conversational systems. The author built two early experimental systems using these techniques. Construction grammar represents language as constructions pairing form and meaning. Ontologies allow for more explicit semantics compared to databases. The author developed a stemmer called UEA-Lite and a system called KIA that incorporated construction grammar, ontologies, and machine learning to understand and respond to natural language.
La Unión Europea ha acordado un paquete de sanciones contra Rusia por su invasión de Ucrania. Las sanciones incluyen restricciones a las importaciones de productos rusos de alta tecnología y a las exportaciones de bienes de lujo a Rusia. Además, se congelarán los activos de varios oligarcas rusos y se prohibirá el acceso de los bancos rusos a los mercados financieros de la UE.
This document discusses using a cognitive grammar approach to user experience (UX) design. It proposes that interfaces can be viewed as languages with underlying grammars and conceptual models. The author describes their experience applying grammatical distinctions like objects and verbs to the information architecture of a banking app. The document then discusses how UX research can be used to develop an ontology conceptualizing a domain and how prototypes can help test and refine the conceptual model through an iterative process.
This document discusses functional approaches to studying second language acquisition (SLA). It outlines four main functional approaches: Systemic Linguistics, Functional Typology, Function-to-form mapping, and Information organization. Systemic Linguistics analyzes language in terms of choices available to express meaning within social contexts. Functional Typology classifies languages based on similarities and differences. Function-to-form mapping views acquisition as a process of grammaticalization from context to lexical items to grammatical markers. Information organization focuses on utterance structure and how learners organize words.
Tinydb is a web service that allows users to shorten URLs and associate structured data with the shortened URLs. This allows social media users to include more information in messages that have character limits. The paper discusses how tinydb could be used with Twitter to include metadata and longer URLs in tweets. However, tinydb URLs raise privacy, security, and link rot issues that would need to be addressed before widespread adoption.
M.A.K. Halliday was a prominent British linguist and teacher known for developing Systemic Functional Linguistics. He was born in 1925 in Leeds, England and studied Chinese language and linguistics, obtaining a PhD from Cambridge University. Halliday had an illustrious academic career, holding professorships at several prestigious universities and receiving numerous honors for his work developing Systemic Functional Linguistics.
Present Perfect for Brazilian Students: a cognitive approachgislenefernandes
Power Point presentation created by Gislene Soares, Marcela Siqueira and Rafael Barufaldi.
Course: Topics in Semantics
Undergraduate course: English Language and Literature
Institution: Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas/Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil.
This document provides an overview of functional dependency grammars and their parsers. It discusses the history and key concepts of dependency syntax, including its emphasis on relations between syntactic units rather than classification. An example sentence is parsed to show syntactic units and their relations. Finally, some existing parsers using functional dependency grammars are mentioned, including ones for English, Finnish, and Romanian.
This document discusses the history of diachronic linguistics in the 19th century. It explores how early linguists viewed languages through a historical lens and were influenced by mechanistic physics and biological evolution theories. Two influential paradigms emerged: the family tree theory proposing languages evolve in a branching pattern, and the wave theory arguing innovations spread between languages. The document also describes how languages were classified based on their treatment of meaning units in words.
European linguistics in the 20th centuryRicardo Nuñez
The Prague School was an influential linguistic circle established in 1926 in Prague. It studied language as a system of functionally related units and emphasized the functions that linguistic elements fulfill. The Prague School's major contributions included its conception of linguistic function, the concept of phonological opposition, the theory of markedness, and the distinction between theme and rheme. The general approach of the Prague School can be described as a combination of structuralism and functionalism.
Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) is a theory of language developed in the 1960s by Michael Halliday that views grammar as a social semiotic system. SFG analyzes authentic language use within a social and cultural context. It interprets language as a network of systems for making meanings and aims to explain the relationship between linguistic forms and the functions they serve. SFG analyzes texts using three metafunctions: the ideational, which relates to content; the interpersonal, which relates to interaction; and the textual, which relates to organization. Context is analyzed across three parameters: field, tenor, and mode.
Functional linguistics claims that language use is functional, with the main function being to make meanings. These meanings are influenced by social and cultural context. Language use involves a semiotic process of choosing meanings. Jakobson identifies six communication functions associated with the communication process: referential, aesthetic, emotive, conative, phatic, and metalingual. Halliday sees language as a social/cultural phenomenon. He identifies seven functions language serves for children: instrumental, regulatory, interactional, personal, heuristic, imaginative, and representational. Systemic functional linguistics analyzes language in terms of context, semantics, lexico-grammar, and phonology-graphology. It sees three types of meanings encoded simultaneously
Structuralism was the first school of psychology and focused on breaking down mental processes into the most basic components. Researchers tried to understand the basic elements of consciousness using a method known as introspection. Wilhelm Wundt, founder of the first psychology lab, is often associated with this school of thought despite the fact that it was his student Edward B. Titchener who first coined the term to describe this school of thought.
Functionalism formed as a reaction to the structuralism and was heavily influenced by the work of William James and the evolutionary theory of Charles Darwin. Functionalists sought to explain the mental processes in a more systematic and accurate manner. Rather than focusing on the elements of consciousness, functionalists focused on the purpose of consciousness and behavior. Functionalism also emphasized individual differences, which had a profound impact on education.
The document discusses functional linguistics theories including Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) and Speech Act Theory. It covers:
- SFG views meaning as primary, with language having features to perform functions. Two main schools are the Prague School (Jakobson) and Copenhagen School (Halliday).
- Jakobson identified 6 language functions. Halliday identified 3 metafunctions - ideational (experience), interpersonal (interaction), and textual (structure).
- Speech Act Theory sees utterances as doing more than just meaning, with locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary acts. Illocutionary acts include assertives, directives, commissives, expressives,
Structuralism and Post-Structuralism examines the key ideas of structuralism and post-structuralism. Structuralism views elements of culture as having meaning only in how they relate to an underlying system or structure. It rejects ideas as divine and sees them as produced by socio-economic forces. Post-structuralism emerged in response, arguing that any structure is itself a center that imposes meaning, and that texts have multiple meanings without reference to structure. The document also discusses how some Muslim scholars applied structuralist ideas to understanding concepts like the structure of the Quran.
This document discusses the functional approach to language development. It presents opposing views of language being either an autonomous system or shaped by its communicative functions. It then discusses how social interaction aids language development according to Holzman's reciprocal model. Finally, it outlines Halliday's model of language functions including instrumental, personal, social, regulatory, representational, heuristic, and imaginative functions and how these relate to language structure and classroom experiences.