This document provides an overview of cluster computing. It defines a cluster as multiple interconnected computers that function as a single system through software and networking. Clusters are used for high availability and high performance computing applications. The key components of a cluster are the nodes, network, and job scheduler. The document discusses different types of clusters and their applications, benefits like availability and scalability, and some limitations.

1. Seminar
On
CLUSTER
COMPUTING

2.  Introduction
 Cluster Categorization
 Cluster Component
 How Does It Work?
 Cluster Architecture
 Cluster Benefits
 Cluster Features
 Cluster Application
 Limitations
 Conclusion

3. Cluster is a widely used term meaning
independent computers combined into a unified
system through software and networking
Clusters are typically used for High Availability
(HA) for greater reliability or High Performance
Computing (HPC) to provide greater
computational power than a single computer can
provide.
Clusters are composed of many commodity
computers, linked together by a high-speed
dedicated network

4.  High-availability (HA) clusters
 Load balancing clusters
 High-performance (HPC) clusters
 Grid Cluster

5.  These clusters are designed to provide uninterrupted
availability of data or services (typically web services)
to the end-user community.
 if a node fails, the service can be restored without
affecting the availability of the services provided by
the cluster. While the application will still be available,
there will be a performance drop due to the missing
node.
 The purpose of these clusters is to ensure that a
single instance of an application is only ever running
on one cluster member at a time but if and when that
cluster member is no longer available, the application
will failover to another cluster member.

7.  High-availability clusters implementations are
best for mission-critical applications or
databases, mail, file and print, web, or
application servers.

8.  This type of cluster distributes incoming requests for
resources or content among multiple nodes running
the same programs or having the same content.
 Both the high availability and load-balancing cluster
technologies can be combined to increase the
reliability, availability, and scalability of application
and data resources that are widely deployed for web,
mail, news, or FTP services.
 Every node in the cluster is able to handle requests
for the same content or application.
 This type of distribution is typically seen in a web-
hosting environment.

11.  parallel processing was performed by multiple
processors in a specially designed parallel
computer. These are systems in which multiple
processors share a single memory and bus
interface within a single computer.
 These types of cluster increase availability,
performance, and scalability for applications,
particularly computationally or data intensive
tasks.

12.  The basic building blocks of clusters are broken
down into multiple categories:
1. Cluster Nodes
2. Cluster Network
3. Network Characterization

13.  A user submits a job to the head node. The job
identifies the application to run on the cluster.
The job scheduler on the head node assigns
each task defined by the job to a node and then
starts each application instance on the assigned
node. Results from each of the application
instances are returned to the client via files or
databases.

15. A cluster is a type of parallel or distributed processing
system that consists of a collection of interconnected
stand-alone computers working together as a single,
integrated computing resource

16.  Network technologies
 Network Types
 Communication Protocols
 Operating system
 Single System Image (SSI)
 Quorum

17.  The main benefits of clusters are:
1. Availability
2. Performance
3. Scalability
 These benefits map to needs of today's
enterprise business, education, military and
scientific community infrastructures.

18.  There are three primary categories of
applications that use parallel clusters:
1. Compute Intensive Application.
2. Data or I/O Intensive Applications.
3. Transaction Intensive Applications.

19.  Typically latency is very high and bandwidth
relatively low.
 Currently there is very little software support for
treating a cluster as a single system.
 Problems exist in the interactions between
mixed application workloads on a single time-
shared computer

20. Cluster computing has become a major part
of many research programs because the price
to performance ratio of commodity clusters is
very good. Also, because the nodes in a
cluster are clones, there is no single point of
failure, which enhances the reliability to the
cluster.

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