The document presents a comprehensive mapping of traditional IT roles to their corresponding cloud roles as organizations transition to cloud computing. It outlines specific responsibilities, competencies, and qualifications for various cloud-centric positions, including cloud engineers, architects, and managers, emphasizing the skills necessary for successful cloud adoption. Additionally, it highlights the evolving nature of roles and the importance of continuous learning in the rapidly changing tech landscape.

1. 1
Enterprise
Transformation
Architecture
August, 2020
Role Mapping (traditional to cloud)
© 2019, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cloud Adoption Office / Cloud Center of Excellence
Howard Cheng
WW Tech Leader, Enterprise Transformation
Architecture
howcheng@amazon.com

2. 2
Enterprise
Transformation
Architecture
Purpose
Question: How do traditional roles map to cloud roles. As
an operations person, what things will I do when the cloud
is deployed.
Answer: The following slides provide an example of
mapping of traditional roles to cloud roles. The content is a
bit generic and was initially intended for a larger global
enterprise, but the roles, skills and concepts may be helpful
for discussion.
© 2018, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved.

3. 3
Enterprise
Transformation
Architecture
Business IT/Alignment
Infrastructure
Operations
Security
Architecture
Enterprise Architect
Operations Architect
Security Architect
*Cloud Engineer
Cloud Enterprise Architect
Cloud Operations Architect
Cloud Security Architect
Compute Engineer
Storage Engineer
Network Engineer
Middleware Engineer
App Platform Engineer
*Cloud Engineer
Build/Release Engineer
Capacity Planner
Incident Management
*Cloud Engineer
Cloud Operations Architect
Relationship Managers
Portfolio Managers
Senior Business Analyst
* Cloud Engineer
Cloud Security Engineer
Security Engineer
IAM Engineer
Policy & Compliance
Cloud Role
Cloud Role
Cloud Role
Cloud Role
Current Role (eg: )
Current Role (eg: )
Current Role (eg: )
Current Role (eg: )
Cloud Role Current Role (eg: )
Project Management
Agile Scrum
Master
Project Manager
Product Manager
Current Role (eg: )Cloud Role
Data
Cloud Data Engineer
Cloud AI/ML Engineer
Cloud Data Scientist
Data Platform Engineer
Database Admin
Data Architect
Current Role (eg: )Cloud Role
Applications
* Cloud Engineer
Software Development
Engineer
Enterprise Architect
Solutions Architect
Application Developer
Cloud Role Current Role (eg: )
How do roles evolve when moving to cloud
Cloud Engineer
Cloud Platform Product
Owner
* - day 1

4. 4
Enterprise
Transformation
Architecture
Sample Starting Roles
(Individuals may perform multiple roles)

5. 5
Enterprise
Transformation
Architecture
Cloud Engineers (Infrastructure, Operations, Security)
Cloud Service Design
• Translate service requirements into service models (templates) and/or workflows for automatic provisioning.
• Accountable for the cloud service offering model design documentation.
• Accountable for verifying that cloud service model meet appropriate compliance/governance requirements.
• Ensures that the automation technical environment is properly maintained and correctly designed.
Cloud Service Automation
• Understand, implement, and automate security controls, governance processes, and compliance validation
• Design, manage, and maintain tools to automate operational processes. Ensure that all that can be automated is automated.
• Implement systems that are highly available, scalable, and self-healing
Cloud Service Deployment
• Develops orchestration workflows, templates or scripts to deploy, configure or update cloud services and related components including OS, utilities, agents or other software used
within the cloud infrastructure.
• Develops self-service catalog capability
Logging, Monitoring, and Remediation
• Develops monitoring scripts or templates to gather metrics or look for patterns and events and to generate alarms
• Designs and develops features such as monitoring dashboards, custom metrics, log search pattern and alarms
• Develops event or incident remediation workflows or actions to resolve issues
Configuration and Compliance
• Develops automated configuration and compliance controls and related remediation tasks
• Designs and develops custom templates, reports, and compliance remediation workflows and actions.
• Bachelor’s degree in computer science or engineering related field or equivalent
work experience
• Minimum of 5 years IT experience
• Minimum 2 years of software development/coding experience
• Proficient in coding in Python, Ruby, JSON, etc
• A keen interest in new technologies and open source
• Willingness to research and self-study to keep technical skills relevant in a highly
complex environment
Skills and Competencies
Role Responsibilities
• Innovative and ability to think outside the box for creative problem solving
• Mentors and coaches colleagues and seeks opportunities for continuous
improvement
• Comfortable working in cross functional and multidisciplinary teams
• Ability to work independently and as part of a team
• Ability to multi-task and prioritize deadlines
• Excellent verbal and written communication skills with great attention to detail and
accuracy
• Experience working in an Agile/Scrum environment

6. 6
Enterprise
Transformation
Architecture
Cloud Team Leader
• Responsible for oversight and leadership of all of the functions associated with the Cloud Team
• Responsible for working with the Leadership Team to ensure alignment to Cloud Strategy
• Ensure compliance with disciplined approaches, patterns and exceptions when deemed appropriate.
• Responsible for development and validation of cloud policies.
• Provide oversite and leadership for the iterative cloud capabilities roadmap
• Accountable for achievement of Cloud Adoption KPI targets
• Responsible for evangelizing to the organization the ‘art of the possible’ enabled by cloud products/services.
• Responsible for the adoption of a Product Operating Model best practices within the Cloud Team
• Masters degree in computer science or engineering related field or equivalent work
experience
• Minimum of 15 years IT experience
• Minimum 2 years Cloud Adoption leadership experience
• Experience in coding
• Experience managing data center operations, including data assurance, monitoring,
alerting and notifications
• A keen interest in new technologies and open source
• Willingness to research and self-study to keep skills relevant in a highly complex
environment
Skills and Competencies
Role Responsibilities
• Innovative and ability to think outside the box for creative problem solving
• Mentors and coaches colleagues and seeks opportunities for continuous
improvement
• Comfortable working in cross functional and multidisciplinary teams
• Ability to work independently and as part of a team
• Ability to multi-task and prioritize deadlines
• Excellent verbal and written communication skills with great attention to detail and
accuracy
• Experience working in an Agile/Scrum environment

7. 7
Enterprise
Transformation
Architecture
Cloud Enterprise Architect
• Lead the design and development of cloud infrastructure and cloud services.
• Establish architectural standards that enable DevOps practices such as infrastructure as code, and automated continuous integration/continuous deployment (CI/CD).
• Participate in early life deployments
• Synchronize regularly with Enterprise Architecture
• Translate organizational level business requirements and use cases into infrastructure capabilities verified to meet the requirements.
• Design solution-independent architecture models that map business services to cloud application stacks.
• Continuously manage, monitor, and update architecture models as business needs evolve and additional cloud services become available.
• Participate in optimizing solution architectures to manage costs and identify cost control mechanisms.
• Assist application solution architects design scalable, highly available, secure application solutions that leverage cloud services.
• Utilize cost/benefit models with mapping architecture to business outcomes and KPIs.
• Coordinate with Product Owners and Business Relationship Managers to incorporate the voice of the customer
• Maintain technical vendor relationship
• Participate in business case development and validation (for enterprise level business cloud products/projects)
• Curate of cloud reference architecture
• Bachelor’s degree in computer science or engineering related field or equivalent
work experience
• Minimum of 10 years IT architect experience
• Minimum 5 years of software development/coding experience
• Minimum of 2 years of Cloud Architecture experience
• Experience managing data center operations
• Experience coding in higher level programming language, Python, Ruby, JSON, etc
• A keen interest in new technologies and open source
• Willingness to research and self-study to keep technical skills relevant in a highly
complex environment
• Innovative and ability to think outside the box for creative problem solving
• Mentors and coaches colleagues and seeks opportunities for continuous
improvement
• Comfortable working in cross functional and multidisciplinary teams
• Ability to work independently and as part of a team
• Ability to multi-task and prioritize deadlines
• Excellent verbal and written communication skills with great attention to detail and
accuracy
• Experience working in an Agile/Scrum environment
Skills and Competencies
Role Responsibilities

8. 8
Enterprise
Transformation
Architecture
Cloud Operations Architect
• Design solution-independent foundational operations architecture models that map operational requirements to cloud application stacks.
• Establish architectural standards that enable DevOps practices with as infrastructure as code, and automated continuous integration/continuous deployment (CI/CD).
• Participate in early life deployments
• Synchronize regularly with Enterprise IT Operations
• Continuously manage, monitor, and update operations architecture models as business needs evolve and additional cloud services become available.
• Assist application solution architects to design secure application solutions that leverage cloud services.
• Maintain technical vendor relationship
• Participate in business case development and validation (for enterprise level business cloud products/projects)
• Curate cloud operations reference architecture
• Bachelor’s degree in computer science or engineering related field or equivalent
work experience
• Minimum of 10 years IT operations
• Minimum 5 years of software development/coding experience
• Experience coding in higher level programming language, Python, Ruby, JSON, etc
• A keen interest in new technologies and open source
• Willingness to research and self-study to keep technical skills relevant in a highly
complex environment
• Innovative and ability to think outside the box for creative problem solving
• Mentors and coaches colleagues and seeks opportunities for continuous
improvement
• Comfortable working in cross functional and multidisciplinary teams
• Ability to work independently and as part of a team
• Ability to multi-task and prioritize deadlines
• Excellent verbal and written communication skills with great attention to detail and
accuracy
• Experience working in an Agile/Scrum environment
Skills and Competencies
Role Responsibilities

9. 9
Enterprise
Transformation
Architecture
Software Delivery Engineer
• Can convert design into code and deliver it using current software engineering best practices
• Writes secure, stable, testable, maintainable code with minimal defects
• Understands a broad ranges of data structures and algorithms, and which to use, or not
• Identifies opportunities or problems arising from technical decisions
• Can test code thoroughly
• Able to classify, store, and handle data in accordance with policy
• Understands maintenance characteristics, runtime properties, and dependencies of software; this includes operating system and build dependencies
• Resolves defects with research and troubleshooting techniques
• Participates in code reviews, design discussions, team planning, and metrics reviews
• Considers code’s legacy, limiting the use of short-term workarounds
Skills and Competencies
Role Responsibilities
• Bachelor’s degree in computer science or engineering related field or equivalent
work experience
• Minimum of 5 years IT experience
• Minimum 5 years of web software development/coding experience
• Experience with microservices and serverless architecture
• A keen interest in new technologies and open source
• Willingness to research and self-study to keep technical skills relevant in a highly
complex environment
• Innovative and ability to think outside the box for creative problem solving
• Mentors and coaches colleagues and seeks opportunities for continuous
improvement
• Comfortable working in cross functional and multidisciplinary teams
• Ability to work independently and as part of a team
• Ability to multi-task and prioritize deadlines
• Excellent verbal and written communication skills with great attention to detail and
accuracy
• Experience working in an Agile/Scrum environment

10. 10
Enterprise
Transformation
Architecture
Future roles
As adoption grows, or for large deployments, additional roles may be
developed

11. 11
Enterprise
Transformation
Architecture
Software Delivery Manager
• Manage a team working to deliver software to meet customer, business, and/or technology needs. Own the day-to-day management of software development.
• Accountable for software quality, product maintainability, and the growth of the engineers that report to you.
• Understand the larger picture (i.e., customer requirements, business process, opportunities, and/or problems to be solved).
• Understand development methodologies (e.g., Scrum, Kanban, etc.) and work with your team to adopt the best approach to yield optimal team productivity, innovation potential.
• Resolve blockers that could derail development schedules.
• Make sure both business and engineering requirements are well-defined.
• Partner with Software Delivery Engineers to scope development efforts and identify risks.
• Drive constructive technical discussions and audit as needed to prevent the consequences of poor technology decisions.
• Ensure compliance with policies (e.g., information security, data handling, PCI, accessibility, service level agreements.) Determine if the correct metrics to measure the customer
experience are in place, and if not work to define them. Allocate development time to setup proper logging, operational metrics, customer intake, alarm mechanisms (e.g., TT/SIM),
and runbooks/documentation (e.g., tutorials, help pages, troubleshooting).
• Establish has a sustainable on-call rotation that honors SLAs without burning out engineers.
• Prioritize root cause resolution, software enhancements, automated testing, and other projects that improve customer experience and the team work environment.
• Hold postmortems and document outage impact and lessons-learned in to ensure that problems don’t repeat.
Skills and Competencies
Role Responsibilities
• Bachelor’s degree in computer science or engineering related field or equivalent
work experience
• Minimum of 10 years software delivery experience
• Have a solid understanding of the design approaches and industry technologies
utilized in your team.
• Able to review software code (for style, readability, quality, and maintainability
• Willingness to research and self-study to keep technical skills relevant in a highly
complex environment
• Innovative and ability to think outside the box for creative problem solving
• Mentors and coaches colleagues and seeks opportunities for continuous
improvement
• Comfortable working in cross functional and multidisciplinary teams
• Ability to work independently and as part of a team
• Ability to multi-task and prioritize deadlines
• Excellent verbal and written communication skills with great attention to detail and
accuracy
• Experience working in an Agile/Scrum environment

12. 12
Enterprise
Transformation
Architecture
Cloud SysOps Administrator
Skills and Competencies
Role Responsibilities
• New cloud account set-up
• Event and incident management
• Metrics collection, aggregation, correlation, and reporting
• Decommissioning unused or uncompliant resources
• Patching for ‘Lift and Shift’ applications and non DevOps applications
• Deployments for applications not utilizing a CI/CD pipeline
• Backup and Recovery
• Tagging and Account Management
• Work with Cloud Operations Engineer to automate SysOps solutions
• Bachelor’s degree in computer science or engineering related field or equivalent
work experience
• Minimum of 3 years IT operations experience
• Minimum of 1 year software development/coding experience
• Experience coding in Python, Ruby, JSON, etc
• Experience with microservices and serverless architecture
• A keen interest in new technologies and open source
• Willingness to research and self-study to keep technical skills relevant in a highly
complex environment
• A keen interest in new technologies and open source
• Innovative and ability to think outside the box for creative problem solving
• Mentors and coaches colleagues and seeks opportunities for continuous
improvement
• Comfortable working in cross functional and multidisciplinary teams
• Ability to work independently and as part of a team
• Ability to multi-task and prioritize deadlines
• Excellent verbal and written communication skills with great attention to detail and
accuracy
• Experience working in an Agile/Scrum environment

13. 13
Enterprise
Transformation
Architecture
Cloud Platform Product Owner
• Responsible for understanding the cloud platform requirements (services/features and timing) from the business product owners/application development teams.
• Responsible for creating the product vision and guiding the team as they work to make the vision a reality
• Responsible for understanding compliance requirements of the cloud platform.
• Responsible for maximizing the value of the cloud platform for the enterprise.
• Responsible for managing the Cloud Platform Engineering backlog. Product Backlog management includes:
• Ensuring backlog items are clearly and completely documented
• Ordering the items in the backlog to best achieve goals and missions
• Ensuring that the Product Backlog is visible, transparent, clear to all
• Showing what the Product Team will work on next
• Responsible for close coordination with the Enterprise Cloud Architect for Platform Roadmap
• Responsible for the “All Things Cloud” portal to inform, educate, and facilitate cloud adoption and support
• Note: The Product Owner is one person, not a committee. The Product Owner may represent the desires of a committee but those wanting to change a Product Backlog item’s priority
must coordinate with the Product Owner to update a priority.
• Bachelor’s degree in computer science or engineering related field or equivalent
work experience
• Minimum of 5 years IT experience
• Minimum 2 years of cloud architect experience
• Experience in coding in Python, Ruby, JSON, etc
• A keen interest in new technologies and open source
• Willingness to research and self-study to keep technical skills relevant in a highly
complex environment
• Experience with mining data to obtain customer insights.
Skills and Competencies
Role Responsibilities
• Innovative and ability to think outside the box for creative problem solving
• Mentors and coaches colleagues and seeks opportunities for continuous
improvement
• Comfortable working in cross functional and multidisciplinary teams
• Ability to work independently and as part of a team
• Ability to multi-task and prioritize deadlines
• Excellent verbal and written communication skills with great attention to detail and
accuracy
• Experience working in an Agile/Scrum environment

14. 14
Enterprise
Transformation
Architecture
Thank You!
© 2019, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved.