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![Closing the Loop: Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle
Mean Daylight Autonomy
(from DIVA calculations)
Recommended Light Level
in Different Workspaces
(from engineeringtoolbox.com)
Cindy
Cynthia
Ronny
Luiza
Existing Building
New York City College of Technology (CUNY)
ENERGY & DAYLIGHTING ANALYSIS (Vasari/DIVA/EnergyPlus)
Mean Daylight
Autonomy
95%
95%
95%
95%
69%
Expected to qualify
for LEED-NC 2.1
Daylit Area (DA
Daylighting Credit 8.1 300lux[50%])
Yes
100%
Yes
100%
Yes
100%
Yes
100%
No
76%
18.60%
32.10%
20.60%
19.50%
2.40%
International High Performance Building Conference 2013](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/looplansing-131109104531-phpapp01/85/Closing-the-LOOP-Int-l-High-Performance-Building-Conference-Lansing-Community-College-63-320.jpg)
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Closing the LOOP - Int'l High Performance Building Conference (Lansing Community College)
- The document describes a project at New York City College of Technology to develop an interdisciplinary design/analysis/fabrication process for high-performance buildings. - Faculty from architectural technology, environmental engineering, and mechanical engineering departments collaborate on building information modeling, computation and fabrication, and building performance areas. - A multi-step performance analysis process is used that includes climate analysis, massing studies, facade studies, and energy modeling to iteratively improve building design. - Tools like Rhino, Vasari, DIVA, and Equest are used at different steps to evaluate light, energy, and benchmark performance.
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Closing the LOOP - Int'l High Performance Building Conference (Lansing Community College)
- 2. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle PROJECT OVERVIEW PROJECT OVERVIEW New York City College of Technology (CUNY) International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 3. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle PROJECT OVERVIEW ATE Advanced Technological Education New York City College of Technology (CUNY) International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 4. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle ANALYSIS New York City College of Technology (CUNY) DESIGN PROJECT OVERVIEW FABRICATION International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 5. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle ANALYSIS New York City College of Technology (CUNY) DESIGN PROJECT OVERVIEW FABRICATION International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 6. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle Areas Faculty Building Information Modeling Faculty Initiative Alexander Aptekar Assistant Professor, NYCCT BIM Director, FUSELab Computation & Fabrication PROJECT OVERVIEW Anne Leonhardt Assistant Professor, NYCCT co-PI, FUSELab co-PI, Center for Performative Design Alexander Aptekar, Assistant Professor BIM Director Anne Leonhardt, Assistant Professor Co-PI Computation & Fabrication Director Brian Ringley, Adjunct Professor Technology Coordinator Sanjive Vaidya, Assistant Professor Building Performance Director Brian Ringley Adjunct Professor, NYCCT Fabrication Lab Coordinator, NYCCT Technology Coordinator, FUSELab Building Performance & Energy Modeling Sanjive Vaidya Assistant Professor, NYCCT Building Performance Director, FUSELab New York City College of Technology (CUNY) International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 7. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle Areas Faculty PROJECT OVERVIEW Industry Advisors Building Information Modeling Alexander Aptekar Assistant Professor, NYCCT BIM Director, FUSELab Robert Cervellione CERVER Design Studio Industry Partnerships Zach Downey PARABOX Labs Brian Ringley Adjunct Professor, NYCCT Fabrication Lab Coordinator, NYCCT Technology Coordinator, FUSELab Brigette Borders form. FLATCUT_ Sanjive Vaidya Assistant Professor, NYCCT Building Performance Director, FUSELab Computation & Fabrication Anne Leonhardt Assistant Professor, NYCCT co-PI, FUSELab co-PI, Center for Performative Design Arpan Bakshi SOM Digital Design Group form. YR&G Sustainability Robert Cervellione, CERVER Design Studio Zach Downey, PARABOX Labs Brigette Borders, FLATCUT_ Arpan Bakshi, SOM Digital Design Group Srinithya Lavu, Green Building Specialist Building Performance & Energy Modeling New York City College of Technology (CUNY) Srinithya Lavu Green Building Specialist MS Sustainable Design, Carnegie Mellon International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 8. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle Areas Faculty Industry Advisors Courses Alexander Aptekar Assistant Professor, NYCCT BIM Director, FUSELab Robert Cervellione CERVER Design Studio Building Technology Seminar Anne Leonhardt Assistant Professor, NYCCT co-PI, FUSELab co-PI, Center for Performative Design Zach Downey PARABOX Labs PROJECT OVERVIEW Building Information Modeling Computation & Fabrication Student Collaboration Computation and Fabrication Seminar Brian Ringley Adjunct Professor, NYCCT Fabrication Lab Coordinator, NYCCT Technology Coordinator, FUSELab Brigette Borders form. FLATCUT_ Sanjive Vaidya Assistant Professor, NYCCT Building Performance Director, FUSELab Arpan Bakshi SOM Digital Design Group form. YR&G Sustainability Building Technology Seminar Computation & Fabrication Seminar Building Performance Lab Building Performance & Energy Modeling New York City College of Technology (CUNY) Srinithya Lavu Green Building Specialist MS Sustainable Design, Carnegie Mellon Building Performance Lab International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 9. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle Departments Areas Faculty Industry Advisors Courses Alexander Aptekar Assistant Professor, NYCCT BIM Director, FUSELab Robert Cervellione CERVER Design Studio Building Technology Seminar Anne Leonhardt Assistant Professor, NYCCT co-PI, FUSELab co-PI, Center for Performative Design PROJECT OVERVIEW Zach Downey PARABOX Labs Building Information Modeling Architectural Technology Computation & Fabrication Computation and Fabrication Seminar Brian Ringley Adjunct Professor, NYCCT Fabrication Lab Coordinator, NYCCT Technology Coordinator, FUSELab Arpan Bakshi SOM Digital Design Group form. YR&G Sustainability Architectural Technology Environmental Engineering Mechanical Engineering Brigette Borders form. FLATCUT_ Sanjive Vaidya Assistant Professor, NYCCT Building Performance Director, FUSELab “Interdepartmentality” Building Performance & Energy Modeling Srinithya Lavu Green Building Specialist MS Sustainable Design, Carnegie Mellon Building Performance Lab Environmental Engineering Robert Polchinski Assistant Professor, NYCCT Environmental Engineering Mechanical Engineering New York City College of Technology (CUNY) International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 10. Performance Analysis Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle Steps Performance Analysis Steps PROJECT OVERVIEW Step 1 Climate Step 2 Massing and Light Step 3 Massing and Energy Step 4 Façade and Light Step 5 Façade and Energy Step 6 Benchmarking Performance Tools Step 1 Rhino 3D, Vasari Climate Step 2 DIVA Massing and Light Step 3 Vasari Massing and Energy Step 4 DIVA Façade and Light Step 5 Vasari Façade and Energy Step 6 Equest Benchmarking Performance Inquiry Tools Identify % of year above and below the comfort Rhino 3D, Vasari band (70-75 deg F). Identify hot and cold site exposures. DIVA Run first energy and load analysis. Vasari Identify maximum glazing area needed by Identify hot and cold site exposure to adequately exposures. illuminate perimeter zones if massing is set, Identify maximum glazing and iterate between floor area needed bymassing plate outlines if exposure to adequately is flexible. illuminate perimeter zones if massing is set, and iterate between floor plate outlines if massing is flexible. Discuss results and use them to question Step 2 Run first decisions. load massing energy and analysis. Repeat steps 2 and 3 as Discuss results and use needed. them to question Step 2 massing decisions. Identify façade strategies using a range of DIVA geometric densities, depths, and bay sizes to generate a matrix of Identify façade strategies options. using a range of geometric densities, Discuss the “sensitivity” depths, and bay sizes to of various variables to generate a matrix of related performance options. outcomes. Translate geometric complexities into their Vasari vertical and horizontal counterparts. Export Vasari model of final design into Equest, Equest apply daylight dimming sensors, add utility costs, and compare results Export Vasari model of against two baselines. final design into Equest, apply daylight dimming Baseline A – 90.1 sensors, Baseline B – building; add utility costs, and compare results status quo fully glazed against two baselines. building. Repeat steps 2 and 3 as needed. Discuss the “sensitivity” of various variables to related performance outcomes. DIVA Iterative runs of solar radiation analysis. Iterative runs of workplane illuminance DIVA analysis. Iterative runs of solar radiation analysis. Iterative runs of workplane illuminance analysis. Vasari Build or transfer desired massing with proper floor count and glazing areas. Run energy analysis. Vasari Build or transfer desired massing with proper floor count and glazing areas. Run energy analysis. DIVA Parametric runs using DIVA Grasshopper components. Inquiry Identify % of year above Identify % of humidity. 60% relative year above and below the comfort band (70-75 deg and Identify summer F). winter primary wind Identify % of year above direction and velocity. 60% relative humidity. Identify summer and winter primary wind direction and velocity. Activity Activity Rhino 3D Build zoning boundary and extrude to maximum building height. Build surrounding buildings as Rhino surface masses. single 3D Build zoning boundary and extrude to maximum Vasari building nearest Build Identify height. weather surrounding buildings as station. Document single surface masses. climate data. Vasari Identify nearest weather station. Document climate data. Concurrent BIM and fabrication scope not listed New York City College ofnot listed Concurrent BIM and fabrication scope Technology (CUNY) DIVA Parametric runs using DIVA Grasshopper components. Translate geometric Identify three geometries complexities into their representative of the vertical and horizontal range of variation (smallcounterparts. in Rhino medium-large) and model those in Identify three geometries Vasari. representative of the range ofsteps 4 and 5 as Repeat variation (smallmedium-large) in Rhino needed. and model those in Vasari. Repeat steps 4 and 5 as Vasari needed. Run energy analysis and discuss trends within loads results. You will see more variation in the Vasariresults than the loads Run energy analysis and energy results between discussoptions.within façade trends While loads results. You will high performing facades see more variation in of reduce less than 5% the loads results than the building energy energy resultsthey can consumption, between façade options. While up reduce peak loads by high performing facades to 30%, resulting in lower reducefirst costs and of HVAC less than 5% building energy demand potentially lower consumption, they can on power plants. reduce peak loads by up to 30%, resulting in lower HVAC first costs and potentially lower demand on power plants. Baseline A – 90.1 5 as Repeat steps 2 thru building;based on B – needed Baseline status quo fully glazed baseline comparisons. building. Repeat steps 2 thru 5 as Equest needed based on Run energy analysis and baselinereductions discuss comparisons. between design and baseline cases. Equest Run energy analysis and discuss reductions between design and baseline cases. International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 11. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle Building Information Modeling Define Existing Building Geometry (BIM) PROJECT OVERVIEW Schematic Solar & Wind Analysis (BIM) Generate BIM Model of Existing Building and Run Initial Series of Environmental Analysis Using Vasari New York City College of Technology (CUNY) International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 12. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle Building Information Modeling Define Existing Building Geometry (BIM) PROJECT OVERVIEW Schematic Solar & Wind Analysis (BIM) Rhino/Revit Interoperability Existing Building Geometry (Live Instance) Parametric Modeling Develop Shading Geometry (Parametric Model) New York City College of Technology (CUNY) Instance Desired BIM Families into Rhino, Develop Concept for Shading Panels Based on Initial Vasari Analysis, and Create Parametric Definition to Drive Variable Panel System International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 13. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle Building Information Modeling Define Existing Building Geometry (BIM) PROJECT OVERVIEW Schematic Solar & Wind Analysis (BIM) Rhino/Revit Interoperability Existing Building Geometry (Live Instance) Parametric Modeling Develop Shading Geometry (Parametric Model) New York City College of Technology (CUNY) Gather Solar Data to Drive Shading (Data-Based Parametric Model) Remap Solar Radiation Data from DIVA Calculations to Drive Design Parameters of Variable Screen International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 14. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle Building Information Modeling Define Existing Building Geometry (BIM) Schematic Solar & Wind Analysis (BIM) Rhino/Revit Interoperability PROJECT OVERVIEW Energy Analysis w/Shading (BIM) Shading Geometry (Native 3DM Translation) Existing Building Geometry (Live Instance) Parametric Modeling Develop Shading Geometry (Parametric Model) New York City College of Technology (CUNY) Gather Solar Data to Drive Shading (Data-Based Parametric Model) Natively Translate Rhino Shading Geometry into Vasari using CASEapps OpenNURBS for Basic Energy Analysis (Prior to Creating Full Energy Model) International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 15. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle Building Information Modeling Define Existing Building Geometry (BIM) Schematic Solar & Wind Analysis (BIM) Rhino/Revit Interoperability Energy Analysis w/Shading (BIM) PROJECT OVERVIEW Custom Curtain Wall Model (BIM) Shading Geometry (Native 3DM Translation) Existing Building Geometry (Live Instance) Curtain Wall Geometry (Adaptive Component) Parametric Modeling Develop Shading Geometry (Parametric Model) New York City College of Technology (CUNY) Gather Solar Data to Drive Shading (Data-Based Parametric Model) Import Freeform Curtain Wall Geometry into Revit as Adaptive Component System for Design and Detailing International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 16. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle Building Information Modeling Define Existing Building Geometry (BIM) Schematic Solar & Wind Analysis (BIM) Energy Analysis w/Shading (BIM) Rhino/Revit Interoperability Custom Curtain Wall Model (BIM) Shading Geometry (Native 3DM Translation) Existing Building Geometry (Live Instance) Curtain Wall Geometry (Adaptive Component) Parametric Modeling Develop Shading Geometry (Parametric Model) Energy Data Interoperability PROJECT OVERVIEW Gather Solar Data to Drive Shading (Data-Based Parametric Model) Import Building and Screen Geometry into SketchUp and Integrate with gbXML and Daylighting Control Data Using OpenStudio Energy Zone Data (Green Building File) Energy Modeling Import gbXML & Place Daylighting Controls (3DM to IDF Translation) New York City College of Technology (CUNY) International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 17. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle Building Information Modeling Define Existing Building Geometry (BIM) Schematic Solar & Wind Analysis (BIM) Energy Analysis w/Shading (BIM) Rhino/Revit Interoperability Custom Curtain Wall Model (BIM) Shading Geometry (Native 3DM Translation) Existing Building Geometry (Live Instance) Curtain Wall Geometry (Adaptive Component) Parametric Modeling Gather Solar Data to Drive Shading (Data-Based Parametric Model) Develop Shading Geometry (Parametric Model) Energy Data Interoperability PROJECT OVERVIEW Import IDF File from OpenStudio, Specify Controls, Add HVAC Data, and Run Energy Simulations within EnergyPlus Energy Zone Data (Green Building File) Energy Modeling Import gbXML & Place Daylighting Controls (3DM to IDF Translation) New York City College of Technology (CUNY) Spec Controls, Add HVAC, & Run Simulations (Energy Model) International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 18. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle Building Information Modeling Define Existing Building Geometry (BIM) Schematic Solar & Wind Analysis (BIM) Energy Analysis w/Shading (BIM) Rhino/Revit Interoperability Custom Curtain Wall Model (BIM) Shading Geometry (Native 3DM Translation) Existing Building Geometry (Live Instance) Curtain Wall Geometry (Adaptive Component) Parametric Modeling Export Heat Gain and Daylighting Autonomy Data from DIVA along with Data from Energy Model to Derive Performance Conclusions Gather Solar Data to Drive Shading (Data-Based Parametric Model) Develop Shading Geometry (Parametric Model) Energy Data Interoperability PROJECT OVERVIEW Energy Zone Data (Green Building File) Energy Modeling Import gbXML & Place Daylighting Controls (3DM to IDF Translation) New York City College of Technology (CUNY) Spec Controls, Add HVAC, & Run Simulations (Energy Model) Draw Numbers & Derive Performance Conclusions (Energy Model) International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 19. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle Building Information Modeling Define Existing Building Geometry (BIM) Schematic Solar & Wind Analysis (BIM) Energy Analysis w/Shading (BIM) Rhino/Revit Interoperability PROJECT OVERVIEW Custom Curtain Wall Model (BIM) Shading Geometry (Native 3DM Translation) Existing Building Geometry (Live Instance) Curtain Wall Geometry (Adaptive Component) Parametric Modeling Develop Shading Geometry (Parametric Model) Energy Data Interoperability Create Bending Drawings and Digitally Fabricate Stainless Steel Panel Prototype for Field Testing Gather Solar Data to Drive Shading (Data-Based Parametric Model) Energy Zone Data (Green Building File) Energy Modeling Import gbXML & Place Daylighting Controls (3DM to IDF Translation) Part Nesting (Laser Cutter Machine File) Add Thickness, Bend Radii, & Bend Sequencing (Solid Assembly Model) Data for CNC Brake Operator (Bending Drawings) New York City College of Technology (CUNY) Spec Controls, Add HVAC, & Run Simulations (Energy Model) Draw Numbers & Derive Performance Conclusions (Energy Model) Fabrication for Field Testing International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 20. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle SITE ANALYSIS (Revit/Vasari) SITE ANALYSIS Revit/Vasari New York City College of Technology (CUNY) International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 21. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle SITE ANALYSIS (Revit/Vasari) City Tech’s Environmental (“E”) Building Near the Brooklyn Entrance to the Brooklyn Bridge South Face of Building New York City College of Technology (CUNY) International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 22. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle Site Insolation at Equinox (BTU/ft2) SITE ANALYSIS (Revit/Vasari) Site Insolation at Summer Solstice (BTU/ft2) Site Insolation at Winter Solstice (BTU/ft2) New York City College of Technology (CUNY) International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 23. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle SITE ANALYSIS (Revit/Vasari) Existing South Face of E Building New York City College of Technology (CUNY) International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 24. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle SITE ANALYSIS (Revit/Vasari) Thermal Imaging of E Building South Face Note the time of day. The sun reflecting off of the masonry adversely affects the reading. New York City College of Technology (CUNY) International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 25. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle SITE ANALYSIS (Revit/Vasari) Existing Window Frame Condition Within E Building New York City College of Technology (CUNY) International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 26. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle SITE ANALYSIS (Revit/Vasari) Thermal Imaging of Existing Window Frame Condition Within E Building Note the thermal leak where the wood framing is splitting, and the probable thermal bridge at the metal connector. New York City College of Technology (CUNY) International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 27. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle New York City College of Technology (CUNY) SITE ANALYSIS (Revit/Vasari) International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 28. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle SITE ANALYSIS (Revit/Vasari) Wind Rose and CFD Wind Simulation Showing Breadth of Preliminary Analysis Tools Available in Revit/Vasari New York City College of Technology (CUNY) International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 29. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle SITE ANALYSIS (Revit/Vasari) Annual Coolings Loads: Glass South Facade Annual Heating Loads: Glass South Facade Clear Indication that Annual Heating and Cooling Loads are Primarily Driven by Glazing New York City College of Technology (CUNY) International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 30. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle RESPONSIVE SHADING SYSTEM (Rhino/Gh3D + DIVA) RESPONSIVE SHADING SYSTEM Rhino/Gh3D + DIVA New York City College of Technology (CUNY) International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 31. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle Typical Workflow: Revit > DXF/DWG > Rhino New York City College of Technology (CUNY) RESPONSIVE SHADING SYSTEM (Rhino/Gh3D + DIVA) Desired Level of Detail for Subsequent Operations Requires Custom Workflow International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 32. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle RESPONSIVE SHADING SYSTEM (Rhino/Gh3D + DIVA) Custom 3D View in Revit with Family Visibility Overrides New York City College of Technology (CUNY) International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 33. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle RESPONSIVE SHADING SYSTEM (Rhino/Gh3D + DIVA) Revit Family Live-Instanced via Chameleon Plug-In as Mesh Geometry New York City College of Technology (CUNY) International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 34. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle RESPONSIVE SHADING SYSTEM (Rhino/Gh3D + DIVA) Convert Meshes to BReps and Cull Unwanted Geometry New York City College of Technology (CUNY) International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 35. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle RESPONSIVE SHADING SYSTEM (Rhino/Gh3D + DIVA) Simplify Slabs New York City College of Technology (CUNY) International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 36. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle Existing Condition: Low Solar Radiation Variation New York City College of Technology (CUNY) RESPONSIVE SHADING SYSTEM (Rhino/Gh3D + DIVA) Freeform Facade: High Solar Radiation Variation International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 37. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle DIVA GH/Excel Tool AB 2013_0316 RESPONSIVE SHADING SYSTEM (Rhino/Gh3D + DIVA) DIVA calculates cumulative solar radiation incident on the building surface (kWh/m2). Extract the following values from DIVA/GH. Import from DIVA/GH Calculated Value User Input Import data from GH. Importing Glass, Wall and Floor area is simply surface areas. Calculating Total Radiation To import Total Radiation, in GH, first find a way to multiply the simulated kWh/m2 values by the the glass area within each threshold radiation threshold. One way to do this may be setting up threshold bands. For example, for all glass area between 500 and 600 kWh/m2, collect that glass area, and multiply by 550 kWh/m2. Do the same for all 100 kWh/m2 bands of data, and sum all kWh values from all radiation thresholds to obtain the total kWh for the entire wall. Calculating Heat Gain If all three floors of the E building are being served by a single mechanical system, we do not need to calculate multiple heat gain values for each zone, we can sum all of the facade heat gain and assume the cooling load on the single rooftop system. Introduction Imported Data from DIVA/Gh3D Perimeter Floor Area Buildings typically divide perimeter zones seperately from core zones (15 to 30 foot perimeter depth). For perimeter area, sum the floor area on each floor within 15 feet of the exterior wall, i.e. building width x 15 feet floor depth x number of floors. Total Area of Glass (ft2) Total Wall Area (ft2) Perimeter Floor Area (ft2) Total Radiation (kWh) Total Radiation (kWh) Total Heat Gain (kWh) Total Area of Glass (ft2) x Glass SHGC x Total Radiation (kWh) = Total Heat Gain Heat Gain Calculation Total Area of Glass (ft2) New York City College of Technology (CUNY) Glass SHGC International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 38. Closing the Loop: Oneway to do this may be setting up threshold bands. For example, for all glass area between 500 and 600 kWh/m2, collect that glass area, and multiply by 550 kWh/m2. Do the same for all 100 kWh/m2 bands of data, and sum all kWh values from all radiation thresholds to obtain the total kWh for the entire Completingwall. Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle the RESPONSIVE SHADING SYSTEM (Rhino/Gh3D + DIVA) Calculating Heat Gain If all three floors of the E building are being served by a single mechanical system, we do not need to calculate multiple heat gain values for each zone, we can sum all of the facade heat gain and assume the cooling load on the single rooftop system. Introduction Imported Data from DIVA/Gh3D Perimeter Floor Area Buildings typically divide perimeter zones seperately from core zones (15 to 30 foot perimeter depth). For perimeter area, sum the floor area on each floor within 15 feet of the exterior wall, i.e. building width x 15 feet floor depth x number of floors. Total Area of Glass (ft2) Total Wall Area (ft2) Perimeter Floor Area (ft2) Total Radiation (kWh) Total Radiation (kWh) Total Heat Gain (kWh) Total Area of Glass (ft2) x Glass SHGC x Total Radiation (kWh) = Total Heat Gain Heat Gain Calculation Total Area of Glass (ft2) Glass SHGC Enter Total Heat Gain from above in the Proposed Design cell. Have GH simulate an alternate version of the design as the code-minimum option. For that option, model a vertical wall with 40% window-to-wall ratio (window area / total wall area, incl. window area) Comparisons for Benchmarking Existing Building (SHGC = 0.4) Typical Curtain Wall (SHGC = 0.7) Proposed Design (kWh) Report how much more efficient the proposed design is over a code-minimum Baseline (theoretical) 1 - (Proposed / Baseline) x 100 Performance Report Heat Gain Reduction (%) v Existing New York City College of Technology (CUNY) Heat Gain Reduction (%) v Typical International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 39. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle high irradiance low irradiance high irradiance Variable Panel Concept (Cindy Alonzo) high irradiance low irradiance Variable Panel Concept (Luiza DeSouza) New York City College of Technology (CUNY) RESPONSIVE SHADING SYSTEM (Rhino/Gh3D + DIVA) low irradiance Variable Panel Concept (Cynthia Alonzo) high irradiance low irradiance Variable Panel Concept (Ronny Mora) International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 40. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle Loft Curves Lofted Surface RESPONSIVE SHADING SYSTEM (Rhino/Gh3D + DIVA) Subdivided Surface Rationalized Glazing Panels Cindy Alonzo u12, v12 Cynthia Alonzo u8, v8 Luiza DeSouza u6, v11 Ronny Mora u8, v8 New York City College of Technology (CUNY) International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 41. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle Lofted Surface RESPONSIVE SHADING SYSTEM (Rhino/Gh3D + DIVA) Subdivided Surface with Sample Points and Normals Offset Surface (Clashing Threat) Solar Radiation Analysis Cindy Alonzo 6”, 6”, 6”, 6” u12, v12 47 - 700 w/m2 12”, 12”, 12”, 12” u16, v16 63 - 652 w/m2 12”, 12”, 12”, 12” u12, v22 104 - 990 w/m2 36”, 12”, 12”, 36” u8, v8 5 - 414 w/m2 Cynthia Alonzo Luiza DeSouza Ronny Mora New York City College of Technology (CUNY) International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 42. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle RESPONSIVE SHADING SYSTEM (Rhino/Gh3D + DIVA) Psychrometrics (Thermal Comfort) New York City College of Technology (CUNY) International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 43. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle RESPONSIVE SHADING SYSTEM (Rhino/Gh3D + DIVA) DIVA Simulation Settings Using Local Weather (EPW) File New York City College of Technology (CUNY) International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 44. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle RESPONSIVE SHADING SYSTEM (Rhino/Gh3D + DIVA) Responsive Screen (Cindy Alonzo) New York City College of Technology (CUNY) International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 45. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle RESPONSIVE SHADING SYSTEM (Rhino/Gh3D + DIVA) Responsive Screen (Cynthia Alonzo) New York City College of Technology (CUNY) International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 46. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle RESPONSIVE SHADING SYSTEM (Rhino/Gh3D + DIVA) Responsive Screen (Luiza DeSouza) New York City College of Technology (CUNY) International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 47. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle RESPONSIVE SHADING SYSTEM (Rhino/Gh3D + DIVA) Responsive Screen (Ronny Mora) New York City College of Technology (CUNY) International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 48. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle RESPONSIVE SHADING SYSTEM (Rhino/Gh3D + DIVA) u8, v8 57 - 497 w/m2 glazing 8 - 846 w/m2 1 vector per panel New York City College of Technology (CUNY) u16, v8 1 - 541 w/m2 higher sampling needed glazing 16 - 338 w/m2 higher sampling needed again International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 49. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle Design to Subsurface Centroid 315 w/m2 New York City College of Technology (CUNY) RESPONSIVE SHADING SYSTEM (Rhino/Gh3D + DIVA) Design to Sampled Subsurface Mean 337 w/m2 Design to Sample Subsurface Worst Case 444 w/m2 International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 50. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle ENERGY & DAYLIGHTING ANALYSIS (Vasari/DIVA/EnergyPlus) ENERGY & DAYLIGHTING ANALYSIS Vasari / DIVA / EnergyPlus New York City College of Technology (CUNY) International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 51. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle ENERGY & DAYLIGHTING ANALYSIS (Vasari/DIVA/EnergyPlus) Natively Importing 3DM Geometry into Vasari Beta 2 Using CASEapps openNURBS New York City College of Technology (CUNY) International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 52. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle ENERGY & DAYLIGHTING ANALYSIS (Vasari/DIVA/EnergyPlus) Unsimplified Panel Developable (Planar) Geometry Simplified Panel Undevelopable Geometry Max Deviation of 2.53” from Unsimplified 2400 Faces (> 1024) 960 Faces (< 1024) New York City College of Technology (CUNY) International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 53. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle ENERGY & DAYLIGHTING ANALYSIS (Vasari/DIVA/EnergyPlus) Vasari Limitations: Maximum Geometry Count Alignment Issues with Non-Orthogonal Geometry Inability to Handle Large, Complex Masses Automated Analysis Ranges Overall Lack of User Input for Analysis Tools New York City College of Technology (CUNY) International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 54. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle New York City College of Technology (CUNY) ENERGY & DAYLIGHTING ANALYSIS (Vasari/DIVA/EnergyPlus) International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 55. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle ENERGY & DAYLIGHTING ANALYSIS (Vasari/DIVA/EnergyPlus) HVAC Similarities Arising from Vasari’s Inability to Account for Change in Lighting Energy Typical New York City College of Technology (CUNY) The lighting energy in the three scenarios is the result of having lights switched on from 8:00am to 5:00pm everyday of the year, regardless of daylight availability. This is a limitation of user input options in the Vasari analysis toolset, and a primary reason that, while good for preliminary decisions early in the design process, Vasari is not a true energy modeler. International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 56. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle Glazing Panels (Optimized for DIVA) New York City College of Technology (CUNY) ENERGY & DAYLIGHTING ANALYSIS (Vasari/DIVA/EnergyPlus) Glazing Panels (Optimized for OpenStudio/EnergyPlus) Gap Modeled Between Glazing Panels Gap Modeled at Tops of Floor Slabs Panels Placed on Layers Corresponding with Floor Level International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 57. Interior Lighting 97328 87822 88128 92128 Closing theLoop: Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle Exterior Lighting 0 0 0 0 Interior Equipment 109200 109200 109200 109200 in Kwh Exterior EquipmentExisting Windows 0 0 0 0 Glass Façade Shading Profile1 Shading Profile2 Shading Profile3 Heating 30019 35178 33358 34708 31989 Fans 31406 33203 32464 30167 Cooling 45575 756 54244 54097 51356 Pumps 769 769 761 45656 Interior Lighting 97328 87822 88128 92128 94825 Heat Rejection 0 0 0 0 Exterior Lighting 0 0 0 0 0 Humidification 0 0 0 0 Interior Equipment 109200 109200 109200 109200 109200 Heat Recovery 0 0 0 Exterior Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 Water Systems 0 0 0 31272 Fans 31406 0 33358 33203 32464 Pumps 756 0 769 769 761 Refrigeration 0 0 0 756 Heat Rejection 0 0 0 0 0 0 Generators 0 0 0 Humidification Heat Recovery Total End Uses Water Systems Refrigeration Generators 0 0 0 0 0 314283 0 0 0 320575 0 0 320103 Total Area in sqm End Uses in kWh/sq.m 50961 756 70000 764 89053 0 100000 0 109200 90000 0 0 80000 0 0 32486 70000 0 30000 0 764 60000 0 20000 50000 0 10000 40000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 320103 317897 311875 315756 314283 320575 Shading Profile1 0 Alonzo- CY in Kwh Shading Profile2 Shading Profile3 DeSouza 31406 0 756 1866 0 314283 0 31989 30167 54097 0 0 314283 168 1866 168 0 0 320575 33358 769 320575 51356 45656 0 0 1866 0 172 Cooling Alonzo- CY 33294 DeSouza 50961 33203 0 769 0 320103 0 0 0 1866 320103 172 1866 172 317897 1866 172 0 32464 0 761 0 317897 Mora 0 30000 31272 20000 18660 756 0 31187510000 0 170 0 311875 1866 170 315756 1866 167 Cooling Interior Lighting Mora 97328 87822 Façade 88128 94825 89053 Shading3 Existing Windows Glass Shading192128 Shading2 Shading4 100000 0 0 0 0 34708 0 0 Glass 30019 35178 31989 30167 90000 109200 109200 109200 109200 109200 109200 façade 45575 54244 54097 51356 45656 80000 0 0 0 0 0 0 over 97328 87822 88128 92128 94825 31406 33203 32464 31272 existing Existing Windows Glass33358 Façade Shading1 Shading2 Shading3 32486 Shading4 70000 109200 769 109200 109200 109200 109200 756 30019 761 756 764 3016760000 35178 769 34708 31989 33294 -17% 31406 33358 33203 324640 45656 31272 0 45575 0 0 0 54244 54097 0 51356 50961 -19% 50000 769 769 7610 94825 756 0 97328 756 0 0 0 0 87822 88128 92128 89053 10% 40000 0 109200 0 0 0 320103 0 0 314283 317897 109200 311875 109200320575 109200 109200 109200 0% 0 Heating Heating Shading Profile4 34708 Alonzo- CI 40000 0 0 311875 0 50000 10000 0 317897 Energy Consumption in kWh 60000 0 0 0 Alonzo- CI in kWh/sq.m 32486 0 0 54244 33294 31272 0 0 45575 80000 0 0 35178 0 20000 0 30019 Shading Profile40 0 0 0 Heating Cooling Interior Lighting Heating Exterior Lighting Interior Equipment Cooling Exterior Equipment Interior Lighting Fans Interior Equipment Pumps Heating Fans Heat Rejection Cooling Pumps Lighting Interior Humidification Heat Recovery Total Interior Equipment Water Systems Fans Pumps Area in sqmRefrigeration Generators Total 90000 0 0 Glass Façade 109200 315756 30000 0 0 Existing Windows 109200 100000 ENERGY & DAYLIGHTING ANALYSIS (Vasari/DIVA/EnergyPlus) 0 0 0 0 Total End Uses 89053 0 0 0 94825 0 32486 1866 764 315756 167 Heating 1866 169 -6% -2% -2% Glass Energy Consumption in façade over Shadng 1 Shadng 2 Shadng 3 Shadng 4 kWh existing over glass over glass over glassExisting Windows over glass 33294 -17% 1% -7% 14% 4% Glass Façade 50961 -19% 0% -13% 16% 6% Shadng 1 Shadng 2 Shadng 3 Shadng 4 174 89053 10% 0% 5%Shading1 -8% -1% over glass over glass over glass over glass 109200 0% 0% 0% 172 0% 0% 1% -7% 14% 4% Shading2 32486 -6% 6% 2% 0% -13% 16%0% 6% -3% 170 764 -2% 1% 0% 5% -8%0% -1% -1%Shading3 2% 315756 -2% 3% 1% 0% 0% 0%0% 0% -1% 168 0% 0% 1866 0% 169 Cooling -3% -1% -1% 6% 2% 3% Interior Lighting 2% 1% 1% Heating Mora Glass 17 EUI Shading4 166 17 16 16 16 16 164 16 162 160 Existing Windows DeSouza New York City College of TechnologyAlonzo- CI Existing Windows (CUNY) Alonzo- CY Pumps 17 Glass Façade International High Performance Building Conference 2013 S
- 58. 0 0 0 0 er Systems 0 0 0 0 0 0 314283 317897 efrigeration TotalEnd Uses Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle0 0 0 0320575 0 320103 0 Closing the Loop: Generators 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 314283 l End Uses 0 320575 320103 317897 311875 30000 0 0 Glass Façade Alonzo- CI in Kwh Shading Profile2 Shading Profile1 Alonzo- CY Shading Profile3 Shad Heating Cooling 311875 315756 20000 ENERGY & DAYLIGHTING ANALYSIS (Vasari/DIVA/EnergyPlus) 10000 315756 Existing Windows 0 0 Heating DeSouza Cooling Interior Lighting Mora Shading Profile4 Energy Consumption in Glass Heating 30019 35178 34708 31989 30167 33294 kWh Cooling 45575 54244 54097 51356 45656 DeSouza 50961 façade Alonzo- CI Alonzo- CY Mora Existing terior Lighting 97328 87822 88128 92128 94825 89053 over Shadng 1 Windows Shadng 2 Shadng 3 Shadng 4 100000 Glass terior Lighting 0 0 0 0 0 0 existing overGlass Façade glass over glass over glass over glass Existing Windows Glass Façade Shading1 Shading2 90000 Shading3 Shading4 façade ior Equipment 109200 109200 109200 109200 109200 109200 Heating 30019 35178 34708 31989 30167 1 Shadng 2 Shadng 3 Shadng 4 33294 -17% -7% 14% 4% over Shadng 174 1% ior Equipment 80000 0 0 0 0 0 0 Shading1 Cooling 45575 33203 54244 54097 32486 51356 50961 -19% 0% -13% 16% 6% existing 45656glass over glass over glass over glass over Glass Façade Shading1 Shading2 Shading4 Fans Existing Windows 31406 33358 32464 31272 Shading3 70000 172 Interior Lighting 97328 769 88128 92128 33294 10% 0% 5% -8% -1% 30019 34708 87822 31989 30167 -17%94825 1% -7% 89053 14% 4% Pumps 756 769 35178 761 756 764 60000 Shading2 45575 54244 54097109200 513560 109200 45656 50961 -19% 0% -13% 109200 16% 6% Heat Rejection Equipment 0 Interior 109200 109200 109200 0% 0% 0% 0% 0 0 0 0 170 0% 50000 ng 97328 87822 88128 33358 921280 33203 94825 89053 10%31272 0% 5% 32486 -8% -1% Humidification 0 0 0 0 0 Fans 31406 32464 -6% 0% -3% 6% 2% Shading3 168 pment 109200 109200 109200 1092000 109200 40000 109200 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% Heat Recovery 0 0 0 0 0 Pumps 756 769 769 761 756 764 -2% 0% -1% 2% 1% 31406 33358 33203 324640 31272 30000 32486 -6% 0% -3% 6% 2% Shading4 Water Systems 0 0 0 0 0 166 0% Total 314283 320575 320103 317897 311875 315756 -2% -1% 3% 1% 769 769 7610 764 -2% 0% -1% 2% 1% 20000 Refrigeration 0 756 0 0 0 0756 164 314283 320103 3178970 311875 10000 315756 -2% 0% -1% 3% 1% Generators 0 0 320575 0 0 0 EUI in kWh/sq.m Area in sqm in kWh/sq.m Total End Uses ighting quipment qm q.m 17 0 1866 0 1866 168 320103 0 1866 314283 320575 168 1866 0 1866317897 172 172 1866 172 0 1866 311875 172 170 0 1866 315756 167 0 1866 170 1866 Heating 1866 167Cooling 1866 169 Interior Lighting 169 162 Pumps Alonzo- CY 160 35% Interior Lighting 1866 31% 172 1866 172 Pumps Existing Windows Fans Heating 10% Shading3 31989 51356 92128 109200 32464 761 Interior 317897 Equipment 35% 1866 170 Shading1 Shading2 Heating Shading4 10% 30167 45656 94825 109200 Cooling 31272 14% 756 311875 1866 Interior 167 Lighting 31% 33294 50961 89053 109200 32486 764 315756 1866 169 Glass façade over Shadng 1 Shadng 2 Shadng 3 Shadng 4 existing over glass over glass over glass over glass -17% 1% -7% 14% 4% -19% 0% -13% 16% 6% 10% 0% 5% -8% -1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% -6% 0% -3% 6% 2% -2% 0% -1% 2% 1% -2% 0% -1% 3% 1% EUI in kWh/sq.m 174 172 170 168 166 164 162 160 Existing Windows Glass Façade Shading1 Shading2 Shading3 Shading4 Heating 10% 10% New York City College of Technology (CUNY) Cooling Fans 10% Glass Façade Mora Existing Windows Existing Windows Pumps Existing Windows Glass Façade Shading1 Shading2 30019 35178 34708 Fans 45575 54244 54097 10% 97328 87822 88128 109200 109200 109200 Cooling 31406 33358 33203 14% Interior 756 769 769 Equipment 314283 320575 320103 1866 168 DeSouza 17 16 16 16 16 16 Existing Windows Alonzo- CI 17 International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 59. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle DIVA GH/Excel Tool AB 2013_0316 ENERGY & DAYLIGHTING ANALYSIS (Vasari/DIVA/EnergyPlus) DIVA calculates cumulative solar radiation incident on the building surface (kWh/m2). Extract the following values from DIVA/GH. Import from DIVA/GH Calculated Value User Input Import data from GH. Importing Glass, Wall and Floor area is simply surface areas. Calculating Total Radiation To import Total Radiation, in GH, first find a way to multiply the simulated kWh/m2 values by the the glass area within each threshold radiation threshold. One way to do this may be setting up threshold bands. For example, for all glass area between 500 and 600 kWh/m2, collect that glass area, and multiply by 550 kWh/m2. Do the same for all 100 kWh/m2 bands of data, and sum all kWh values from all radiation thresholds to obtain the total kWh for the entire wall. Calculating Heat Gain If all three floors of the E building are being served by a single mechanical system, we do not need to calculate multiple heat gain values for each zone, we can sum all of the facade heat gain and assume the cooling load on the single rooftop system. Introduction Imported Data from DIVA/Gh3D Cindy Alonzo Cynthia Alonzo Luiza DeSouza Ronny Mora AVERAGE Perimeter Floor Area Buildings typically divide perimeter zones seperately from core zones (15 to 30 foot perimeter depth). For perimeter area, sum the floor area on each floor within 15 feet of the exterior wall, i.e. building width x 15 feet floor depth x number of floors. Total Area of Glass (ft2) 5209.773603 4605.551257 4548.728991 5401.537673 4941.397881 Total Wall Area (ft2) 3583.391062 2361.897555 37523.53676 4348.285306 11954.27767 Perimeter Floor Area (ft2) 0 Total Radiation (kWh) 490301.7204 681729.406 2214297.921 495919.9132 970562.2403 New York City College of Technology (CUNY)(ft2) x Glass SHGC x Total Radiation (kWh) = Total Heat Gain International High Performance Building Conference 2013 Total Area of Glass
- 60. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle ENERGY & DAYLIGHTING ANALYSIS (Vasari/DIVA/EnergyPlus) Table 5-C—Example Prescriptive Criteria Set, St. Louis, Missouri (This is Table 5.5-4 in the Standard.) Building Envelope Requirements for Climate Zone 4 (A,B,C) NONRESIDENTIAL RESIDENTIAL SEMIHEATED Assembly Insulation Assembly Insulation Assembly Insulation Maximum Min. R-Value Maximum Min. R-value Maximum Min. R-Value Insulation Entirely above Deck U-0.048 R-20.0 ci U-0.048 R-20.0 ci U-0.173 R-5.0 ci Metal Building U-0.065 R-19.0 U-0.065 R-19.0 U-0.097 R-10.0 Attic and Other U-0.027 R-38.0 U-0.027 R-38.0 U-0.053 R-19.0 U-0.104 R-9.5 ci U-0.090 R-11.4 ci U-0.580 NR U-0.113 R-13.0 U-0.113 R-13.0 U-0.134 R-10.0 OPAQUE ELEMENTS Roofs Walls, Above-Grade Mass Metal Building Steel-Framed U-0.064 R-13.0 + R-7.5 ci U-0.064 R-13.0 + R-7.5 ci U-0.124 R-13.0 Wood-Framed and Other U-0.089 R-13.0 U-0.064 R-13.0 + R-3.8 U-0.089 R-13.0 C-1.140 NR ci Wall, Below-Grade Below-Grade Wall C-1.140 Floors Mass NR C-0.119 R-7.5 ci ASHRAE Standard 90.1 Table 5-C U-0.087 R-8.3 ci U-0.074 R-10.4 ci U-0.137 R-4.2 ci Steel-Joist U-0.038 R-30.0 U-0.038 R-30.0 U-0.069 R-13.0 Wood-Framed and Other U-0.033 R-30.0 U-0.033 R-30.0 U-0.066 R-13.0 Unheated F-0.730 NR F-0.540 R-10 for 24 in. F-0.730 NR Heated F-0.860 R-15 for 24 in. F-0.860 R-15 for 24 in. F-1.020 R-7.5 for 12 in. Slab-On-Grade Floors Opaque Doors Swinging U-0.700 U-0.700 U-0.700 U-0.500 U-0.500 U-1.450 Assembly Assembly Assembly Assembly Assembly Assembly Max. U Max. SHGC Max. U Max. SHGC Max. U Max. SHGC U-0.40 FENESTRATION SGHC-0.40 all U-0.40 SGHC-0.40 all U-1.20 The specified solar heat gain coefficient for a non-residential curtain wall with metal framing in climate zone 4 is 0.40. SGHC-NR all Vertical Glazing, 0-40% of Wall Nonmetal framing, alla Metal framing, curtainwall/storefront U-0.50 U-0.50 U-1.20 Metal framing, entrance doorb U-0.85 U-0.85 U-1.20 Metal framing, all otherb U-0.55 U-0.55 U-1.20 Skylight with Curb, Glass, % of Roof 0-2.0% Uall-1.17 SHGCall- 0.49 Uall-0.98 SHGCall- 0.36 Uall-1.98 SHGCall- NR Uall-1.17 SHGCall- 0.39 Uall-0.98 SHGCall- 0.19 Uall-1.98 SHGCall- NR 0-2.0% Uall-1.30 SHGCall- 0.65 Uall-1.30 SHGCall- 0.62 Uall-1.90 SHGCall- NR 2.1-5.0% Uall-1.30 SHGCall- 0.34 Uall-1.30 SHGCall- 0.27 Uall-1.90 SHGCall- NR Uall-0.69 SHGCall- 0.49 Uall-0.58 SHGCall- 0.36 Uall-1.36 SHGCall- NR Uall-0.69 SHGCall- 0.39 Uall-0.58 SHGCall- 0.19 Uall-1.36 SHGCall- NR b 2.1-5.0% Skylight with Curb, Plastic, % of Roof Skylight without Curb, All, % of Roof 0-2.0% 2.1-5.0% a Nonmetal framing includes framing materials other than metal with or without metal reinforcing or cladding. b Metal framing includes metal framing with or without thermal break. The all other subcategory includes operable windows, fixed windows, and non-entrance. New York City College of Technology (CUNY) 5-20 User’s Manual for ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2007 International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 61. Closing the Loop: CalculatingTotal Radiation To import Total Radiation, in GH, first find a way to multiply the simulated kWh/m2 values by the the glass area within each threshold radiation threshold. CompletingOne way to do this may be setting up threshold bands. For example, for all glass area between 500 and 600 kWh/m2, collect that glass area, and multiply the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle ENERGY & DAYLIGHTING ANALYSIS (Vasari/DIVA/EnergyPlus) by 550 kWh/m2. Do the same for all 100 kWh/m2 bands of data, and sum all kWh values from all radiation thresholds to obtain the total kWh for the entire wall. Calculating Heat Gain If all three floors of the E building are being served by a single mechanical system, we do not need to calculate multiple heat gain values for each zone, we can sum all of the facade heat gain and assume the cooling load on the single rooftop system. Introduction Imported Data from DIVA/Gh3D Cindy Alonzo Cynthia Alonzo Luiza DeSouza Ronny Mora AVERAGE Perimeter Floor Area Buildings typically divide perimeter zones seperately from core zones (15 to 30 foot perimeter depth). For perimeter area, sum the floor area on each floor within 15 feet of the exterior wall, i.e. building width x 15 feet floor depth x number of floors. Total Area of Glass (ft2) 5209.773603 4605.551257 4548.728991 5401.537673 4941.397881 Total Wall Area (ft2) Perimeter Floor Area (ft2) 3583.391062 2361.897555 37523.53676 4348.285306 11954.27767 Total Radiation (kWh) 0 490301.7204 681729.406 2214297.921 495919.9132 970562.2403 Total Radiation (kWh) Total Heat Gain (kWh) Total Area of Glass (ft2) x Glass SHGC x Total Radiation (kWh) = Total Heat Gain Heat Gain Calculation Cindy Alonzo Cynthia Alonzo Luiza DeSouza Ronny Mora AVERAGE Total Area of Glass (ft2) 5209.773603 4605.551257 4548.728991 5401.537673 4941.397881 Glass SHGC 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 490301.7204 681729.406 2214297.921 495919.9132 970562.2403 1788100000.00 2197800000.00 7050600000.00 1875100000.00 3227900000 Enter Total Heat Gain from above in the Proposed Design cell. Have GH simulate an alternate version of the design as the code-minimum option. For that option, model a vertical wall with 40% window-to-wall ratio (window area / total wall area, incl. window area) Comparisons for Benchmarking Cindy Alonzo Cynthia Alonzo Luiza DeSouza Ronny Mora AVERAGE Existing Building (SHGC = 0.4) New York City College of Technology (CUNY) Typical Curtain Wall (SHGC = 0.7) Proposed Design (kWh) 1788100000.00 2197800000.00 7050600000.00 1875100000.00 3227900000 International High Performance Building Conference 2013 Report how much more efficient the proposed design is over a code-minimum Baseline (theoretical)
- 62. Heat Gain Completingthe Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle Total Area of Glass (ft2) Glass SHGC Closing the Loop: Calculation Cindy Alonzo Cynthia Alonzo Luiza DeSouza Ronny Mora AVERAGE 5209.773603 4605.551257 4548.728991 5401.537673 4941.397881 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 Total Radiation (kWh) ENERGY & DAYLIGHTING ANALYSIS Total Heat Gain (kWh) (Vasari/DIVA/EnergyPlus) 490301.7204 681729.406 2214297.921 495919.9132 970562.2403 1788100000.00 2197800000.00 7050600000.00 1875100000.00 3227900000 Enter Total Heat Gain from above in the Proposed Design cell. Have GH simulate an alternate version of the design as the code-minimum option. For that option, model a vertical wall with 40% window-to-wall ratio (window area / total wall area, incl. window area) Comparisons for Benchmarking Cindy Alonzo Cynthia Alonzo Luiza DeSouza Ronny Mora AVERAGE Existing Building (SHGC = 0.4) Typical Curtain Wall (SHGC = 0.7) Proposed Design (kWh) 1788100000.00 2197800000.00 7050600000.00 1875100000.00 3227900000 Report how much more efficient the proposed design is over a code-minimum Baseline (theoretical) 1 - (Proposed / Baseline) x 100 Performance Report Cindy Alonzo Cynthia Alonzo Luiza DeSouza Ronny Mora AVERAGE Heat Gain Reduction (%) v Existing New York City College of Technology (CUNY) Heat Gain Reduction (%) v Typical International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 63. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle Mean Daylight Autonomy (from DIVA calculations) Recommended Light Level in Different Workspaces (from engineeringtoolbox.com) Cindy Cynthia Ronny Luiza Existing Building New York City College of Technology (CUNY) ENERGY & DAYLIGHTING ANALYSIS (Vasari/DIVA/EnergyPlus) Mean Daylight Autonomy 95% 95% 95% 95% 69% Expected to qualify for LEED-NC 2.1 Daylit Area (DA Daylighting Credit 8.1 300lux[50%]) Yes 100% Yes 100% Yes 100% Yes 100% No 76% 18.60% 32.10% 20.60% 19.50% 2.40% International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 64. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle FURTHER WORK FURTHER WORK BIM Integration, Fabrication, & Field Testing New York City College of Technology (CUNY) International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 65. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle FURTHER WORK BIM Integration Using Typical Curtain Wall (Not Ideal) New York City College of Technology (CUNY) International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 66. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle FURTHER WORK BIM Integration Using Custom Pattern Curtain Walls (Model by Dave Fano, CASE) Many Grasshopper Tools (Including Chameleon) Have Adaptive Components Interoperability Tools New York City College of Technology (CUNY) BIM Integration Using Adaptive Components & Python Shell (Model by Nathan Miller, CASE) International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 67. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle FURTHER WORK Typical Waterjet Layout New York City College of Technology (CUNY) International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 68. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle FURTHER WORK HOW TO GENERATE FLAT PATTERNS FOR SHEET METAL PARTS: WHEN THE SHEET METAL IS PUT THROUGH THE PROCESS OF BENDING THE METAL AROUND THE BEND IS DEFORMED AND STRETCHED. AS THIS HAPPENS YOU GAIN A SMALL AMOUNT OF TOTAL LENGTH IN YOUR PART(BEND ALLOWANCE). LIKEWISE WHEN YOU ARE TRYING TO DEVELOP A FLAT PATTERN YOU WILL HAVE TO MAKE A DEDUCTION FROM YOUR DESIRED PART SIZE TO GET THE CORRECT FLAT SIZE(BEND DEDUCTION). BEND DEDUCTION: THE BEND DEDUCTION IS DEFINED AS THE MATERIAL YOU WILL HAVE TO REMOVE FROM THE TOTAL LENGTH OF YOUR FLANGES IN ORDER TO ARRIVE AT THE FLAT PATTERN. BEND ALLOWANCE: THE BEND ALLOWANCE IS DEFINED AS THE MATERIAL YOU WILL ADD TO THE ACTUAL LEG LENGTHS OF THE PART IN ORDER TO DEVELOP A FLAT PATTERN. New York City College of Technology (CUNY) International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 69. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle AIR BENDING TYPES OF BENDING: COINING FURTHER WORK BOTTOM BENDING AIR BENDING: IS THE MOST COMMON TYPE OF BENDING PROCESS USED IN SHEET METAL SHOPS TODAY. IN THIS PROCESS THE WORK PIECE IS ONLY IN CONTACT WITH THE EDGE OF THE DIE AND THE TIP OF THE PUNCH. THE PUNCH IS THEM FORCED PAST THE TOP OF THE DIE INTO THE V-OPENING WITHOUT COMING INTO CONTACT WITH THE BOTTOM OF THE V. COINING: IS A BASIC TYPE OF BENDING IN WHICH THE WORKPIECE IS STAMPED BETWEEN THE PUNCH AND DIE. BOTH THE PUNCH TIP AND THE PUNCH ACTUALLY PENETRATE INTO THE METAL PAST THE NEUTRAL AXIS UNDER A HIGH AMOUNT OF PRESSURE. THE TERM COINING COMES FROM THE IDEA THAT WHEN IT COMES TO MONEY EACH METAL COIN IS MADE EXACTLY THE SAME AS THE LAST DESPITE BEING MASS PRODUCED. FROM THIS IDEA THE NAME COINING WAS APPLIED TO THE BENDING METHOD WHICH CREATES ACCURATE BENDS CONSISTENTLY. BOTTOM BENDING: HAS SIMILARITIES TO BOTH AIR BENDING AND COINING. IN THIS PROCESS THE DIE ANGLE SHOULD MATCH THE INTENDED ANGLE OF THE WORK PIECE, ADJUSTING A FEW DEGREES FOR SPRING BACK, HENCE THE EXISTENCE OF 88 DEGREE TOOLING TO ACHIEVE 90 DEGREE ANGLES. THE WORK PIECE IS FIRST BOTTOMED AGAINST THE DIE, THEN THE RADIUS OF THE PUNCH IS FORCED INTO THE WORK PIECE WHICH ACHIEVES THE ANGLE OF THE PUNCH, IT IS THEN RELEASED AND THE WORK PIECE SPRINGS BACK TO MEET THE DIE AGAIN. UNLIKE COINING HOWEVER THE MATERIAL IS NOT UNDER SO MUCH TONNAGE ..THAT THE METAL FLOWS. BECAUSE OF THIS THERE IS STILL SPRING BACK WHICH MUST BE COMPENSATED FOR. New York City College of Technology (CUNY) International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 70. 1.68" Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle 1.68" 57.70" 0" 2.85" 3.0 11.12" 3.0 0" 12 0°" 2.85" 3.0 18.00" 0" 3.21" " 0 3.0 TYP. FOR ALL INSIDE RADII 2.85" 0" 3.0 12 TYP. FOR ALL INSIDE RADII F L A T C U T _ L L C N E W Y O R K 6 8 J A Y S T R E E T S T U D I O 8 0 1 BROOKLYN NY 11201 F L A T C U T _ L L C N E W J E R S E Y 90 DAYTON AVENUE B L D G . 1 6 C PASSAIC, NJ 07055 P : F : 2 1 2 - 5 4 2 - 5 7 3 2 2 1 2 - 5 4 2 - 5 7 3 3 T HIS SHOP DRAWING IS RELE AS ED BY FLATCU T_ LLC FOR APPROVAL INTENT FOR CUSTOMER ONLY. THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN REMAINS NOT FOR FABRICATION PENDING FINAL REVIEW AND RELEASE OF APPROVED S HO P D RAW I NGS . SIGNATURE OF APPROVAL 57.70" 0°" 2.85" 3.21" " 18.00" 0" 1.48" 3.0 0 3.0 FURTHER WORK 57.70" 0" 1.48" 3.0 TYPICAL PLAN VIEW INDICATING FLANGE LENGTH AND BEND ANGLES TYPICAL BENDING DRAWING SHOWING 3 POINT PROJECTION VIEW LAYOUT AND ISOMETRIC VIEWS. BENDING DRAWING CONVENTIONS: • • • • • 3 POINT PROJECTION FLANGE LENGTH DIMENSIONS FROM APEX OF ANGLE. INDICATE INSIDE BEND ANGLE PROVIDE ISOMETRIC VIEWS OF PART FOR REFERENCE. INDICATE METAL GAGE/THICKNESS. New York City College of Technology (CUNY) International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 71. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle FURTHER WORK HOW TO GENERATE FLAT PATTERNS FOR SHEET METAL PARTS: WHEN THE SHEET METAL IS PUT THROUGH THE PROCESS OF BENDING THE METAL AROUND THE BEND IS DEFORMED AND STRETCHED. AS THIS HAPPENS YOU GAIN A SMALL AMOUNT OF TOTAL LENGTH IN YOUR PART(BEND ALLOWANCE). LIKEWISE WHEN YOU ARE TRYING TO DEVELOP A FLAT PATTERN YOU WILL HAVE TO MAKE A DEDUCTION FROM YOUR DESIRED PART SIZE TO GET THE CORRECT FLAT SIZE(BEND DEDUCTION). BEND DEDUCTION: THE BEND DEDUCTION IS DEFINED AS THE MATERIAL YOU WILL HAVE TO REMOVE FROM THE TOTAL LENGTH OF YOUR FLANGES IN ORDER TO ARRIVE AT THE FLAT PATTERN. BEND ALLOWANCE: THE BEND ALLOWANCE IS DEFINED AS THE MATERIAL YOU WILL ADD TO THE ACTUAL LEG LENGTHS OF THE PART IN ORDER TO DEVELOP A FLAT PATTERN. New York City College of Technology (CUNY) International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 72. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle COLLABORATION TOOLS COLLABORATION TOOLS New York City College of Technology (CUNY) International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 73. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle New York City College of Technology (CUNY) COLLABORATION TOOLS International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 74. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle New York City College of Technology (CUNY) COLLABORATION TOOLS International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 75. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle New York City College of Technology (CUNY) COLLABORATION TOOLS International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 76. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle New York City College of Technology (CUNY) COLLABORATION TOOLS International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 77. Closing the Loop:Completing the Design/Analysis > Fabrication > Validation Cycle New York City College of Technology (CUNY) COLLABORATION TOOLS International High Performance Building Conference 2013
- 78.