IES VE presentation "How You Can Save Energy & Money with Building Performance Analysis"

1. How You Can Save Energy &
Money with Building
Performance Analysis
Michelle M. Farrell LEED AP, DGNB
Head of European Division

2. IES Background
• Founded in June 1994
• Boston, San Francisco, Minneapolis,
Vancouver, Glasgow, Dublin, Lucerne,
Melbourne, Dubai, Pune
• Software Used in over 140 Countries
•Consultancy experience in over 60 countries
•Market Leader in UK, Ireland & Australia
• Rapidly Expanding in North America, Europe
& Middle East
• Current <VE> users include
SWECO, Skanska, Gensler, ARUP, AECOM,
Grontmij, Buro Happold, ELAN, Stantec,
DLR Group, WSP, Grontmij, Bouygues,
Elan, SOM, Drees + Sommer, Siemens, Mott MacDonald,
Ramboll, Atkins, Perkins + Will, Scott Wilson
Vancouver Minneapolis
Pune
San Francisco

3. Who is the typical energy analysis user?
ARCHITECTURAL
- Designers
- Architects
- Master planners
- Urban designers
- Interior Designers
GREEN CONSULTANTS
- BREEAM
- LEED
- DGNB
- Estidama
- Required by code
- Other “green” rating systems
ENGINEERS
- HVAC
- Mechanical
- Electrical
- Building Physics
- Other “green” rating
systems

4. IES <Virtual Environment>
A Single, Integrated Building Performance Model
• Thermal & Energy Analysis
• EN15625/EN13790-91/ISO 7730 compliant
• Lighting & Daylighting
• Solar Studies
• CFD Analysis
• Value & Cost
• LEED, BREEAM, DGNB
• Lifecycle
• And more…..
xx
thermal
hybrid
ventilation
CFD
evacuation
costs
value
compliance
daylighting
solar
lighting
electrical
mechanical

5. These facts all come from
“The Business Case for Green
Building” which was
published by the World
Green Building Council.
You can find links to this
document on the Intelligent
BIM Solutions website.

6. IES <Virtual Environment>
Green Building Trend – WHY should you do this?
• Design And Construction
• Asset Value
• Operating Costs
• Workplace Productivity And
Health
• Risk Mitigation
***Next 5 pages from “The Business Case for Green
Building” by the World GBC

7. IES <Virtual Environment>
Design and Construction
Benefits
Investment Costs:
Costs are not always as high as
developers initially believe – and can
range from 0% - 12.5% increase in
design and construction costs verses
conventional code buildings.
Also, involvement in the design
process earlier significantly reduces
costs.

8. IES <Virtual Environment>
Asset Value
Studies around the world show a pattern
of green buildings being able to more
easily attract tenants and to command
higher rents and sale prices.

9. The Business Case for Green Building
Asset Value
Where green
buildings have
generated higher
sales prices, this
increase in value is
largely driven by
higher rental rates,
lower operating
costs, higher
occupancy rates
and lower yields.

10. The Business Case for Green Building
Asset Value

11. The Business Case for Green Building
Operating Costs
2003 study showing
reduced operating
costs for LEED.

12. The Business Case for Green Building
Example Marketing Video

13. Swiss Re Building
London
Castle House
London
MGM Mirage, Las Vegas
Heathrow Terminal 5, London
The Grand
Mosque
Abu Dhabi
Centre of
Excellence,
Syracuse
IES Software Use is Worldwide

14. “The Walgreens team reviewed internal loads such as refrigerated
coolers by the checkout counters and under shelf lighting. While
seemingly small loads, they added up and had a compound effect
on load reduction when removed. This allows for HVAC systems
to be smaller, and the store has moved closer to the net-zero
goal. After reviewing lighting systems and the refrigeration
systems, it was determined what the typical energy signature
would be for the store, and the remaining energy use will be
offset by a large solar array covering the entire store roof.”
Benjamin Skelton, P.E., President and CEO of the Cyclone Energy
Group (CEG)
• Innovative use of a geo-exchange coupled CO2 triple
temperature refrigeration system provides all freezer, cooler,
store HVAC and domestic water pre-heat. The combined
system allows for free transfer of heat between uses. For
instance, rejected heat from cooling the freezers and coolers is
used for water heating and store heat.
• Using CO2 refrigerants (which is more environmentally
friendly)
• PV / Solar Panels
• Daylight Harvesting
• Automated Shades
• Geothermal
• CO2 refrigeration
• Energy recovery
Walgreen’s Net Zero Energy Retail Store

15. ““The store achieved BREEAM outstanding in 2014 to become the most
sustainable John Lewis shop ever built. After setting out to achieve a
carbon reduction of 30%, compared to the 2010/11 baseline created for
similar stores, this store is currently expected to deliver a 35-40%
betterment.
Far from considering our job done, we’re now using IES-SCAN, a new
powerful IES tool, to import the actual building data back into the model,
so we can continuously analyse the occupied building to quickly identify
any performance gaps to deliver a soft landing. The level of detail
provided by the model is incredible, enabling us to analyse how
everything from the HVAC to the escalators to the catering equipment is
performing.”
Paul Paterson, sustainability design manager at LateralTechnologies
• Use of displacement ventilation to condition clean fresh air at the
occupied level. Although the shop floor was five meters high, the
modelling software from IES enabled us to split it into three zones: an
occupied 0-1.8m zone, a stratified zone and a ceiling zone. By allowing
us to focus on creating optimum conditions for only the occupied
zone, we needed less energy than for the entire area.
• The ApacheHVAC tool from IES enabled us to consider both the
building and its controls to observe that a peak load of 550kw was
needed, but only for 0.1% of the year. The model also revealed that
the impact of allowing the internal temperature to drift very slightly
upwards at those times, in the peak of summer, made next to no
difference on comfort levels, allowing us to justify putting in a 450kw
chiller, requiring 25% less energy than those in other stores
Lateral Technologies: John Lewis Retail Store

16. IES<VE> Model Geometry
Swiss Re HQ, London
<VE> Model
<VE> Model
Grand Mosque, Abu Dhabi
<VE> Model
Heathrow T5 Airport, Concourse A

17. Consultancy Case Study
Abu Dhabi Financial Center, Al Maryah Island, UAE
6,100,000 square foot development, 8 buildings
17% Energy Reduction: double skin facades, external shading, daylighting, UFAD,
automatic blind control, district energy, CDQ desiccant dehumidification, PVs

18. Consultancy Case Study
Abu Dhabi Financial Center, Al Maryah Island, UAE
DOUBLE SKIN FAÇADE EXAMPLE
What we have is a single zone representation of a double-skin façade.
There are vents at the top of the zone and venting windows at the
bottom.
- Opening vents between the hours of 08:00-18:00 if the temperature of
the zone reaches 25°C.
- Similarly the internal zones have split windows (bottom-hung) which
open under the same control conditions as above.
- Having the model based in Abu Dhabi we’re going to be in a hot arid
climate with a lot of sunshine so I’ve give the double-skin façade a
single-glazed but reflective glass as we’ll want to cut down on the solar
gain where we can.

19. With the double-skin façade, you can
see it reduces the temperatures inside
of the space
Consultancy Case Study
Abu Dhabi Financial Center, Al Maryah Island, UAE
DOUBLE SKIN FAÇADE EXAMPLE

20. Consultancy Case Study
Lake Murray Nature Center, Oklahoma, USA
Software Platform Interoperability: SketchUp =>> IES<VE> =>> GaiaGLD
50% Water Reduction
53% Energy Reduction: Natural Ventilation, Lake Source Heat Pump, Daylighting
Natural Ventilation

21. Heathrow Airport, Terminal 5, London
Summary:
• Detailed energy and
environmental modelling
• Roof, façade and solar shading
design
• Fabric air tightness and
thermal performance
• HVAC sizing and selection
• Occupant comfort
(thermal/visual)
• Building regulations Part L
In conjunction with:
For and on behalf of:
<VE> model of T5 Concourse A
Annual heating and cooling
demand profiles (CHP sizing)
Architecturalvisualisationof T5 Concourse A
Daylight and glare analysis
T5A under construction
Section through buildingshowing natural air movement

22. Consultancy Case Study
Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, BC, Canada
Innovative Sustainable Design with Thermal Labyrinth
ECMs: Daylighting, Natural Ventilation, Displacement Ventilation
Thermal Labyrinth: Free heating, free cooling and increased ventilation

23. Example Energy Analysis – Building Façade
Cooling load affected by solar gain
Classroom 2 Classroom 3 Classroom 4 Classroom 5
SHGC = 0.65 SHGC = 0.45 SHGC = 0.4SHGC = 0.55
Cooling Load
(Btu/h)
Solar Gain (Btu/hr)
Four Identical classrooms with varying shading & glazing specifications

24. Example Energy Analysis – Building Fabric
Infiltration heat loss can account for
up to 15-50% of a building’s Heating
Load....
...Building Pressure Tests
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000
Heating Load (Btu/h)
Fabric Loss
Infiltration Loss

25. Results analysis provides room by room outputs of performance.
“How much heat and energy are we losing through the walls,
windows, roof etc.?”
Example Energy Analysis – Building Fabric

26. Energy Analysis – Building Fabric
Extensive database of opaque & transparent constructions
Constructions can be
created, customised or
you can use our detailed
library.

27. Calgary International Airport
• Displacement Ventilation
• Double-Skin Façade
• Daylight Harvesting
• Automated Shades
• Hybrid Geothermal

28. Calgary International Airport
• Displacement Ventilation
• Double-Skin Façade
• Daylight Harvesting
• Automated Shades
• Hybrid Geothermal
IES allows you to simulate
exactly how much energy you
can save through the use of:
- Exterior or interior shading
devices that automatically
come down when the lux
levels reach a certain
number
- How much electrical
energy you can save when
you use electrical light
dimmers
- The amount of energy you
could save by using “step
dimming” or “continuous
dimming”

29. Calgary International Airport

30. What can analysis fit in our process?
A E S T H E T I C S
Schematic Design
FORM
EarlyDesignDevelopment
MATERIALS/ORIENTATION
LaterDesignDevelopment
Other Tests
• Material
• Constructions (R-
Value of Walls)
• Orientations
• Layout of Building
• Window/Wall Ratio
• Shading Options
We generally
now have an
idea about the
design
We now know
the design form,
lets test the
materials,
orientation and
more.
Many options on
the table, just
experimenting

31. Later Design Development
Compare these options:
• Material
• Constructions (U-Value of Walls)
• Windows (type, coating, layout)
• Orientations
• Layout of Building
• Window/Wall Ratio
• Shading Options
Important thing is that we do this EARLY in the design
phase so we have the chance to impact building
performance.

32. The Tower at PNC Plaza
BuroHappold

33. BuroHappold
BEM example - geometry

34. BuroHappold
Natural ventilation – Preliminary analysis

35. Man 02 Life cycle cost and service life planning = Man 05 Life cycle cost and service life planning (all
buildings)
Hea 01 Visual comfort - Daylighting (building type dependent) = Hea 01 Visual comfort (all buildings) –
Daylighting credits only
Hea 02 Indoor air quality - Adaptability - Potential for natural ventilation = Hea 02 Indoor air quality (all
buildings) - Potential for natural ventilation only
Hea 04 Thermal comfort - Thermal modelling and Adaptability - for a projected climate change scenario
> Up to 2 credits = Hea 03 Thermal comfort (all buildings) – 1st credit only
Ene 01 Reduction of energy use and carbon emissions - Up to 12 credits plus 5 exemplary credits = Ene
01 Energy efficiency (all buildings)
Mat 01 Life cycle impacts > Up to 6 credits = Mat 01 Life cycle impacts (all buildings)
**See Latvian Appendix Document
IES <Virtual Environment>
Voluntary Rating Systems

36. Daylighting Studies

37. RadianceIES • Light levels (Luminance and illuminance)
• Images light level data can be used to evaluate potential for visual discomfort.
• Results in lux or foot-candles can be evaluated via perspective view, at floor level, or on a working plane.

38. • Luminance & Illuminance calculations, glare and daylight assessment
• Inclusion of Component Library information
• Inclusion of Luminaire data from LightPro
• Place light sensors enables daylighting control to be integrated with
ApacheSim Energy Modelling
RadianceIES

39. No Solar Shading
With Solar Shading
• Will glare be problematic late in
the day?
• How Effective is the External
Shade at reducing Glare?
RadianceIES

40. SC=0.6
VLT=75%
SC=0.2
VLT=35%
Daylighting Quality Exterior Tint
Radiance – Glazing Option Visualization

41. Day and Artificial Lighting

42. Night-time light spill

43. FlucsDL / FlucsPro
• Point to point daylight assessment; area thresholds
• Inclusion of Component Library Information
• Inclusion of Luminaire data from LightPro for combined assessments
(FlucsPro)

44. Lifecycle - Case Study
What is cost of material over time?

45. Lifecycle - Case Study
Roof: In situ reinforced concrete

46. Case Study – Capital Cost

47. Case Study – Life Cycle

48. Case Study – Life Cycle Analysis

49. Case Study – Roof Option 1
Roof: In situ reinforced concrete
• Capital Expenditure: £6.34m / £155k
• LCC: £7.63m / £375k
• LCA: 5,166 EP / 630 EP

50. Case Study – Roof Option 2
Profiled metal deep decking with in situ concrete

51. Case Study – Capital Cost

52. Case Study – Life Cycle

53. Case Study – Life Cycle Analysis

54. Case Study – Option 2
Roof: Profiled metal deep decking with in situ concrete?
• Capital Expenditure: £6.34m (£6.34m) / £152k
(£155k)
• LCC: £7.62m (£7.63m) / £367k (£375k)
• LCA: 4,917EP (5,166 EP) / 410 EP (630 EP)

55. Case Study – Option 2
Roof: Profiled metal deep decking with in situ concrete?
• Capital Expenditure: : £6.34m (£6.34m) / £152k (£155k) -
0.01%
• LCC: £7.62m (£7.63m) / £367k (£375k) -0.01%
• LCA: 4,917EP (5,166 EP) / 410 EP (630 EP) -4.8%

56. Case Study – Option 3
Roof: Timber Frame

57. Case Study – Capital Cost

58. Case Study – Life Cycle Cost

59. Case Study – Life Cycle Analysis

60. Case Study – Option 3
Roof: Timber frame
• Capital Expenditure: £6.12m (£6.34m) / £75k
(£155k)
• LCC: £7.38m (£7.63m) / £173k (£375k)
• LCA: 4,647EP (5,166 EP) / 110 EP (630 EP)

61. Case Study – Option 3
Roof: Timber frame
• Capital Expenditure: £6.12m (£6.34m) / £75k (£155k)
-3.5%
• LCC: £7.38m (£7.63m) / £173k (£375k) -3%
• LCA: 4,647EP (5,166 EP) / 110 EP (630 EP) -10%

62. IES-SCAN
Enhanced Operational Models
Consider the following profiles:
• The Blue profile is a typical profile that a design team would use as a best
guess of the energy used.
• The Red line is the actual or measured energy used.
• Obviously if you can use the red line profile in your simulation it must be more
accurate than if you used the blue profile.
In IES-SCAN terminology the measured profile is a ‘Free Form Data’ or FFD profile.
Compliance profile:
Food Prep Equip profile
Measured profile:
Actual Oven Equip
profile

63. IES-SCAN
Free Form Data Profiles
IES-SCAN is an extremely easy and unique online process of
creating Free Form Data (FFD) profiles.
The FFD’s maximise the accuracy of the VE Operational Model by using
the actual building data rather than guessing or restricting the building
operational information.
With IES-SCAN you can:
• Import BMS and other data in a variety of formats and convert the data
into FFD’s.
• FFD’s of any time frequency can be assigned i.e. from one hour to one
minute. Obviously the smaller the time frequency the more accurate
the calibration.
• The FFD’s can be assigned to the VE Model of the building to replace
rigid profiles of occupancy; room set points; or energy consumption.

64. 1. These examples are aimed to show the difference between
using a Compliance profile with BMS data converted in
IES-SCAN and used to calibrate the Operational Model
(OM).
Free Form Data Profiles
IES-SCAN
Examples

65. 2. The Compliance office electrical Lighting profile is taken
from the ASHRAE 90.1 methodology.
• Compliance lighting profile with ASHRAE 90.1 Office lighting
profile assigned
IES-SCAN
Office Building: Lighting
Closer view
of profile

66. Measured Lighting
Load
Compliance Lighting
load profile
Security guard
turns lights on
and off at
weekend
• The annual lighting load when the ASHRAE 90.1 Compliance lighting profile (blue)
was used in the Operational Model is 63.6 MWh.
• IES-SCAN was used to import the actual measured lighting load into the
Operational Model. The actual recorded lighting load (red) is 131.6 MWh and is
considerably different compared with the Compliance profile.
• The actual lighting load is 112% higher than a reasonable design assumption.
Consequently, the Operational Model is significantly more accurate with the actual
lighting load information.
IES-SCAN
Office Building: Lighting

67. 3. Impact of using the actual profile on annual boiler energy
• Significantly higher Lighting load to the building
• This will result in higher heat gain to the building, consequently annual heating
energy reduced by 40%, and heating plant capacity reduced by 18%
• Note: UK climate used
Compliance Profile
results for Boiler
Energy
Measured Profile
results for Boiler
Energy
IES-SCAN
Office Building: Boiler Energy

68. 4. Impact on annual chiller energy of using actual lighting profile
• Significantly higher heat gain results in the annual chiller energy
increasing by 45%, cooling plant capacity increased by 31%
Compliance profile
results for Chiller
Energy
Actual Profile
results for Chiller
Energy
IES-SCAN
Office Building: Chiller Energy