1. Introduction Clinical Fluid Analysis
And Overview(URINALYSIS)
Omar Osman Mohamed
BSc MLS
MSc in forensic sciense(present)
2. URINALYSIS
Types of Common Urine Specimens
Changes in Unpreserved Urine
Urine Volum
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF URINE
Urine Color
Urine Color
Specific Gravity
Tests Reagent strip
Refractometer
Osmolarity
Clinical Significance
3. URINALYSIS
CHEMICAL EXAMINATION OF URINE
• pH
• Protein
• Microalbuminuria
• Glucose
• Ketones
• Blood
• Bilirubin
• Urobilinogen
• Nitrite
• Leukocyte Esterase
4. Types of Common Urine Specimens
1 Random
• Routine screening
• May require confirmatory testing based on
diet and exercise
2 First morning
Collected immediately on arising
• Routine screening/confirmatory testing
• Orthostatic proteinuria
• Pregnancy tests
5. Types of Common Urine Specimens
3 Midstream clean catch
• Requires patient to cleanse the genital area
• Void first into the toilet, then collect specimen and
finish voiding into the toilet
• Bacterial cultures
4 Catheterized
• Collected from a catheter passed into the bladder
• Bacterial cultures
• NOTE: When a routine urinalysis and a culture are
both ordered, perform the culture firs
6. Types of Common Urine Specimens
5. 24-Hour (timed)
• Patient voids into the toilet and then begins timing
• Collects all urine during the designated period
• Voids and collects urine at the end of the period
• Specimens can provide quantitative results
7. Types of Common Urine Specimens
6 Drug screening
• Strictly follow chain-of-custody form requirements
• Preservation of urine specimens
• Test specimens within 2 hours of collection
• Refrigerate specimens that cannot be tested within 2
hours
