The most common methods for joining the galvanized steel sheetsin automotive industry is resistance spot welding.These methods require some specific time-consuming pretreatment of joined materials and the protective layer is destroyed which lead to decreasing of corrosion resistance.Therefore, it is necessary to utilize the other joining methods. The contribution deals with analysis of properties of clinched joints. There were made samples with single press joint and various sheets orientation due to punch and die and also samples with double press joints. Deep drawing quality steels of U.S.SteelKošice, Ltd. productions of various thicknesses a quality were used. The steels are also used in automotive industry. Moreover carrying capacity of press joints was evaluated. Luboš Kašcák"Clinching as a Nonconventional Method to Join Drawing Quality Steel Sheets" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-1 , December 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd8243.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/8243/clinching-as-a-nonconventional-method-to-join-drawing-quality-steel-sheets/luboš-kašcák
Alternative Joining Methods in Car Body Productiontheijes
The optimization of a car body in terms of cost can be achieved by using different materials in various positions of the car in order to utilize specific properties of each different material. The paper deals with the methods of mechanical joining used in car body production as alternatives to the most used conventional resistance spot welding. Load-bearing capacities of the joints made by mechanical joining and resistance spot welding of various materials used in car body structures are compared. The mechanical joining is mainly used to join material with various thicknesses, mechanical properties, surface coatings, even ferrous or non-ferrous metals.
Friction Stir.Welding is an advance metal joining process: A ReviewIJERA Editor
The friction stir welding is recently developed solid state welding process which overcome the problem
associated with fusion welding technology. The properties achieved by friction stir welding is better than that
achieve by fusion welding technique It has been invented as a solid-state joining technique and initially applied
to aluminum alloys. FSW is used to replace rivets joints in the aeronautical industry. Recently the aircraft and
military industries widely have been using aluminum alloys particularly because of their fine strength to weight
ratio. However in compare with steels they represent welding difficulties and also lower ductility. In last years it
has been observed that Friction Stir Welding (FSW) method represents better microstructure and mechanical
properties than conventional methods in welding aluminum alloys. It has been widely investigated for mostly
low melting materials, such as Al, Mg and Cu alloys. Aluminum is the most usable material in engineering
application and a lot of improvement is needed in the area of its welding. The latest works on friction stir
welding of aluminum have been directed towards improving the quality of weld, reducing defects and applying
the process of FSW to aluminum for specific applications. This joining technique is energy efficient,
environment friendly, and versatile. In particular, it can be used to join high-strength aerospace aluminum alloys
and other metallic alloys that are hard to weld by conventional fusion welding. FSW is considered to be the
most significant development in metal joining in a last decade. The FSW of Aluminums and its alloys has been
commercialized; and recent interest is focused on joining dissimilar materials. However, in order to
commercialize the process, research studies are required to characterize and establish proper process parameters
for FSW. This paper summarizes the trends and advances of this welding processes in the field of welding.
Future aspects of the study are also discussed.
Wear behavior of stepped austempered ductile iron balls in grinding iron oreeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Preliminary study of on cladding process on gray cast iron substrateeSAT Journals
Abstract Cladding, also called as hardfacing or surfacing, is a deposition process with a purpose of improving the properties of the substrate accomplished either using laser beam or arc as the heat source for the process. Filler material used in the process is deposited layer-by-layer until covering required thickness before being machined to achieve the final dimension. Gas metal arc welding is seen as the best method for accomplishing the cladding operation as the alternative for laser cladding in term of operation cost. The process parameters of gas metal arc welding are discussed on in the aspect of the cladding process. Grey cast iron with its inherent brittleness characteristic is difficult to be weld cladded because the thermal cycle of the cladding process can cause the material to crack. It is understood that the coarse graphite flake structure that gives the lack of ductility characteristic to the material and cause the material to crack when suffer the stress occur during the temperature drop of the process. Nickel based filler material is seen as the best choice to be used for the deposition process because of its ability to precipitate carbon in its free form of graphite and prevent the migration of carbon from cast iron substrate thus avoiding the formation of hard carbide phase. The addition of tungsten carbide in the matrix of nickel base alloy gives the filler material good hardness and wear resistant properties. This paper serves as the preliminary study to get an insight into the understanding of cladding process on cast iron as the substrate before performing the experiment of the cladding operation. Keywords: Cladding, Hardfacing, Cast Iron, Nickel Based Alloy
Alternative Joining Methods in Car Body Productiontheijes
The optimization of a car body in terms of cost can be achieved by using different materials in various positions of the car in order to utilize specific properties of each different material. The paper deals with the methods of mechanical joining used in car body production as alternatives to the most used conventional resistance spot welding. Load-bearing capacities of the joints made by mechanical joining and resistance spot welding of various materials used in car body structures are compared. The mechanical joining is mainly used to join material with various thicknesses, mechanical properties, surface coatings, even ferrous or non-ferrous metals.
Friction Stir.Welding is an advance metal joining process: A ReviewIJERA Editor
The friction stir welding is recently developed solid state welding process which overcome the problem
associated with fusion welding technology. The properties achieved by friction stir welding is better than that
achieve by fusion welding technique It has been invented as a solid-state joining technique and initially applied
to aluminum alloys. FSW is used to replace rivets joints in the aeronautical industry. Recently the aircraft and
military industries widely have been using aluminum alloys particularly because of their fine strength to weight
ratio. However in compare with steels they represent welding difficulties and also lower ductility. In last years it
has been observed that Friction Stir Welding (FSW) method represents better microstructure and mechanical
properties than conventional methods in welding aluminum alloys. It has been widely investigated for mostly
low melting materials, such as Al, Mg and Cu alloys. Aluminum is the most usable material in engineering
application and a lot of improvement is needed in the area of its welding. The latest works on friction stir
welding of aluminum have been directed towards improving the quality of weld, reducing defects and applying
the process of FSW to aluminum for specific applications. This joining technique is energy efficient,
environment friendly, and versatile. In particular, it can be used to join high-strength aerospace aluminum alloys
and other metallic alloys that are hard to weld by conventional fusion welding. FSW is considered to be the
most significant development in metal joining in a last decade. The FSW of Aluminums and its alloys has been
commercialized; and recent interest is focused on joining dissimilar materials. However, in order to
commercialize the process, research studies are required to characterize and establish proper process parameters
for FSW. This paper summarizes the trends and advances of this welding processes in the field of welding.
Future aspects of the study are also discussed.
Wear behavior of stepped austempered ductile iron balls in grinding iron oreeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Preliminary study of on cladding process on gray cast iron substrateeSAT Journals
Abstract Cladding, also called as hardfacing or surfacing, is a deposition process with a purpose of improving the properties of the substrate accomplished either using laser beam or arc as the heat source for the process. Filler material used in the process is deposited layer-by-layer until covering required thickness before being machined to achieve the final dimension. Gas metal arc welding is seen as the best method for accomplishing the cladding operation as the alternative for laser cladding in term of operation cost. The process parameters of gas metal arc welding are discussed on in the aspect of the cladding process. Grey cast iron with its inherent brittleness characteristic is difficult to be weld cladded because the thermal cycle of the cladding process can cause the material to crack. It is understood that the coarse graphite flake structure that gives the lack of ductility characteristic to the material and cause the material to crack when suffer the stress occur during the temperature drop of the process. Nickel based filler material is seen as the best choice to be used for the deposition process because of its ability to precipitate carbon in its free form of graphite and prevent the migration of carbon from cast iron substrate thus avoiding the formation of hard carbide phase. The addition of tungsten carbide in the matrix of nickel base alloy gives the filler material good hardness and wear resistant properties. This paper serves as the preliminary study to get an insight into the understanding of cladding process on cast iron as the substrate before performing the experiment of the cladding operation. Keywords: Cladding, Hardfacing, Cast Iron, Nickel Based Alloy
ANALYSIS OF TOOL USED FOR FRICTION STIR SPOT WELDING BY EXPLICIT MESHING SCH...vivatechijri
FSSW is an advanced and popular solid-state material welding method, which has achieved a
different variety of popularity in service in industries and automotive. FSSW method (technique) is used for joining
similar or dissimilar materials like aluminium, titanium, magnesium and copper alloys etc. This paper presents
finite element modeling of friction stir spot welding (FSSW) process using Abaqus/Explicit as a finite element
solver. Three-dimensional coupled thermal-stress model was used to calculate thermo-mechanical response of
FSSW process. The various factors such as rotational speed, transverse speed and profile of the tool plays a very
significant role in the joining quality of material using FSSW.
The main target of this analysis is to observe the variation of tool profile and welding quality of Ti 6Al 4V alloy
as the tool speed varies. Two Ti 6Al 4V were lapped and provided with support to the bottom of the plate known
as a back anvil to constrain the motion. This is where we analyzed the material flow due to friction of heat
generation in the weld zone. Ti 6Al 4V is one of the most commonly used materials and its applications, where
low density and excellent corrosion is applied in a wide range of resistance, are necessary in industries such as
aerospace industry and biomechanical, marine, chemical industries, gas turbine, etc.
A Overview on Effect of Reinforcement and Process Parameters on Properties of...IJRES Journal
Aluminum alloys are widely used in aerospace and automobile industries due totheir low density and good mechanical properties,bettercorrosionresistanceandwear resistance,lowthermalcoefficientof expansion as comparedto conventionalmetals and alloys. Theexcellent mechanicalpropertiesofthesematerialsandrelativelylowproductioncostmakethema very attractive candidate for a variety of applications both from scientific and technological viewpoints. Inthispaperanattempt hasbeenmadetoprovide a literaturereviewon theoverallperformanceofreinforcedcompositesfabricatedbystircasting method and effect of process parameters on properties of Aluminium based MMC.Theliteraturereviewframework inthispaper providesa clearoverviewthat the process parameters play important role for optimum properties of Aluminium based Metal Matrix Composites.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Modeling and Simulation of Base Plate of Friction Stir Welding-Advanced Weldi...ijsrd.com
Friction stir processing is an emerging technique based on the principles of friction stir welding (FSW). It is a solid-state joining method that is energy efficient, environmentally friendly, and versatile. It is considered by many to be the most significant development in metal joining in a decade. The basic concept of friction stir processing is remarkably simple. A rotating tool with pin and shoulder is inserted in the material to be joined, and traversed along the line of interest. The heating is localized, and is generated by friction between the tool and the work piece, with additional adiabatic heating from metal deformation. A processed zone is produced by movement of material from the front of the pin to the back of the pin.
A STUDY ON FRICTION STIR WELDING OF VARIOUS ALUMINIUM ALLOYSIJARIIT
The comprehensive body of knowledge that has built up with respect to the friction stir welding (FSW) of aluminum alloys since the technique was invented in 1991 is reviewed on this paper. The basic principles of FSW are described, including metal flow and thermal history, before discussing how process parameters affect the weld microstructure and the likelihood of defects. Finally, the range of mechanical properties that can be achieved is discussed. It is demonstrated that FSW of aluminum is becoming an increasingly mature technology with numerous commercial applications. Keywords - Friction stir welding, metal flow, process parameters, mechanical properties
Ahmed ibrahim razooqi -- study the microstructure and mechanical properties ...ahmed Ibrahim
Ahmed Ibrahim Razooqi ---
Study the microstructure and mechanical properties of dissimilar friction stir spot welding of carbon steel 1006 to aluminum alloy aa2024-t3.
Friction stir spot welding-FSSW has been suggested as effectual process to welding difficult materials such as dissimilar materials and
thin sheet of metal alloys. In this study, using dissimilar materials were welded carbon steel-1006 on upper plate and aluminum alloy
AA2024-T3 on lower plate. Macrostructure, micro-structural analysis and mechanical properties of the joints are done. The effect of
penetration depth, dwell time and spindle speed on tensile shear load are investigated with invariable of other parameter during welding
process. The maximum tensile shear load (3.31KN) was occurred when using 0.4mm of penetration depth, 10 sec of dwell time and 1400
rpm of spindle speed. Also, two type of failure shape was observed interfacial fracture of carbon steel sheet and pull -out fracture of
AA2024-T3 sheet.
Fsw optimization for dissimilar aluminium alloys (Presentation)Dr. Bikram Jit Singh
The basic principle of FSW involves simultaneous application of pressure and relative motion, generally in a rotational mode, between the components to be joined. From the available literature, it has been observed that the effect of welding parameters on desired characteristics was determined by taking into consideration one parameter at a time or by using conventional methods like, One Factor at a Time (OFAT) technique. So without ignoring the limitations of earlier researches, the main focus in this study has been kept on welding of dissimilar alloys (specifically AA6061 and AA5086) by using Design of Experiments (DoE) which is quite rarely used Multi-Factor at a Time (MFAT) technique. Therefore, the ultimate objective of the work is to optimize critical to process parameters (CPPs) of FSW process for achieving mechanical characteristics within ranges. This book contains quite rare information as far as FSW is concerned.
ANALYSIS OF TOOL USED FOR FRICTION STIR SPOT WELDING BY EXPLICIT MESHING SCH...vivatechijri
FSSW is an advanced and popular solid-state material welding method, which has achieved a
different variety of popularity in service in industries and automotive. FSSW method (technique) is used for joining
similar or dissimilar materials like aluminium, titanium, magnesium and copper alloys etc. This paper presents
finite element modeling of friction stir spot welding (FSSW) process using Abaqus/Explicit as a finite element
solver. Three-dimensional coupled thermal-stress model was used to calculate thermo-mechanical response of
FSSW process. The various factors such as rotational speed, transverse speed and profile of the tool plays a very
significant role in the joining quality of material using FSSW.
The main target of this analysis is to observe the variation of tool profile and welding quality of Ti 6Al 4V alloy
as the tool speed varies. Two Ti 6Al 4V were lapped and provided with support to the bottom of the plate known
as a back anvil to constrain the motion. This is where we analyzed the material flow due to friction of heat
generation in the weld zone. Ti 6Al 4V is one of the most commonly used materials and its applications, where
low density and excellent corrosion is applied in a wide range of resistance, are necessary in industries such as
aerospace industry and biomechanical, marine, chemical industries, gas turbine, etc.
A Overview on Effect of Reinforcement and Process Parameters on Properties of...IJRES Journal
Aluminum alloys are widely used in aerospace and automobile industries due totheir low density and good mechanical properties,bettercorrosionresistanceandwear resistance,lowthermalcoefficientof expansion as comparedto conventionalmetals and alloys. Theexcellent mechanicalpropertiesofthesematerialsandrelativelylowproductioncostmakethema very attractive candidate for a variety of applications both from scientific and technological viewpoints. Inthispaperanattempt hasbeenmadetoprovide a literaturereviewon theoverallperformanceofreinforcedcompositesfabricatedbystircasting method and effect of process parameters on properties of Aluminium based MMC.Theliteraturereviewframework inthispaper providesa clearoverviewthat the process parameters play important role for optimum properties of Aluminium based Metal Matrix Composites.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Modeling and Simulation of Base Plate of Friction Stir Welding-Advanced Weldi...ijsrd.com
Friction stir processing is an emerging technique based on the principles of friction stir welding (FSW). It is a solid-state joining method that is energy efficient, environmentally friendly, and versatile. It is considered by many to be the most significant development in metal joining in a decade. The basic concept of friction stir processing is remarkably simple. A rotating tool with pin and shoulder is inserted in the material to be joined, and traversed along the line of interest. The heating is localized, and is generated by friction between the tool and the work piece, with additional adiabatic heating from metal deformation. A processed zone is produced by movement of material from the front of the pin to the back of the pin.
A STUDY ON FRICTION STIR WELDING OF VARIOUS ALUMINIUM ALLOYSIJARIIT
The comprehensive body of knowledge that has built up with respect to the friction stir welding (FSW) of aluminum alloys since the technique was invented in 1991 is reviewed on this paper. The basic principles of FSW are described, including metal flow and thermal history, before discussing how process parameters affect the weld microstructure and the likelihood of defects. Finally, the range of mechanical properties that can be achieved is discussed. It is demonstrated that FSW of aluminum is becoming an increasingly mature technology with numerous commercial applications. Keywords - Friction stir welding, metal flow, process parameters, mechanical properties
Ahmed ibrahim razooqi -- study the microstructure and mechanical properties ...ahmed Ibrahim
Ahmed Ibrahim Razooqi ---
Study the microstructure and mechanical properties of dissimilar friction stir spot welding of carbon steel 1006 to aluminum alloy aa2024-t3.
Friction stir spot welding-FSSW has been suggested as effectual process to welding difficult materials such as dissimilar materials and
thin sheet of metal alloys. In this study, using dissimilar materials were welded carbon steel-1006 on upper plate and aluminum alloy
AA2024-T3 on lower plate. Macrostructure, micro-structural analysis and mechanical properties of the joints are done. The effect of
penetration depth, dwell time and spindle speed on tensile shear load are investigated with invariable of other parameter during welding
process. The maximum tensile shear load (3.31KN) was occurred when using 0.4mm of penetration depth, 10 sec of dwell time and 1400
rpm of spindle speed. Also, two type of failure shape was observed interfacial fracture of carbon steel sheet and pull -out fracture of
AA2024-T3 sheet.
Fsw optimization for dissimilar aluminium alloys (Presentation)Dr. Bikram Jit Singh
The basic principle of FSW involves simultaneous application of pressure and relative motion, generally in a rotational mode, between the components to be joined. From the available literature, it has been observed that the effect of welding parameters on desired characteristics was determined by taking into consideration one parameter at a time or by using conventional methods like, One Factor at a Time (OFAT) technique. So without ignoring the limitations of earlier researches, the main focus in this study has been kept on welding of dissimilar alloys (specifically AA6061 and AA5086) by using Design of Experiments (DoE) which is quite rarely used Multi-Factor at a Time (MFAT) technique. Therefore, the ultimate objective of the work is to optimize critical to process parameters (CPPs) of FSW process for achieving mechanical characteristics within ranges. This book contains quite rare information as far as FSW is concerned.
Numerical Simulation of Resistance Spot Welding of Steel Sheets HCT600X ZFijtsrd
Nowadays, there are so many reasons behind utilizing high strength steel sheets, more precisely DP dual phase steels in car body production. Car producers tend to choose steel with optimal parameters such as great formability and the capacity to absorb the energy of the collision. HCT600X ZF steel is among the best known and most used high strength materials in car body production. The most used and well known technology for joining high strength steel sheets is precisely the technology of resistance spot welding. RSW Resistance spot welding , is the well known method to join mentioned materials. Simulation programs are utilized to optimize the processes of joining before the joining system is carried out. One of the most popular software for simulating the process of RSW is Simufact Welding. The article deals with parameter optimization of RSW resistance spot welding for hot dip zinc iron coated dual phase steel sheets. The mechanical properties and metallographic observation of joints created by RSW technology on galvanized steel sheets were performed. The result of the simulation of the RSW process was compared with metallographic images after the joining process. Denis Cmorej | Luboš Kašcák | Julius Hajduk "Numerical Simulation of Resistance Spot Welding of Steel Sheets HCT600X+ZF" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52472.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/52472/numerical-simulation-of-resistance-spot-welding-of-steel-sheets-hct600xzf/denis-cmorej
Research into Properties of Spot Welded Steel Sheetsijtsrd
The contribution deals with parameter optimalization of resistance spot welding for hot dip zinc coated steel sheets. The mechanical properties and metallographic observation of welded joints on galvanized steel sheets were performed. Uncoated sheets from the same material were used for comparison of particular properties. The results showed that welding parameter optimalization is very important for welding of galvanized steel sheets. LuboÅ¡ KaÅ¡c¡k | Denis Cmorej "Research into Properties of Spot Welded Steel Sheets" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29773.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/29773/research-into-properties-of-spot-welded-steel-sheets/lubo%C5%A1-ka%C5%A1c%C3%A1k
A Review on Investigation of Tribological Behavior of Nanocoating for Piston ...IJLT EMAS
Nanocoating can help to improve performance and life
of automotive engine by reducing the wear between the engine
components. In this research have selected the proper material
for top piston ring and same material are to be selected for
preparation of pin for tribometer testing and material of cylinder
liner tested and fabricated the same material of tribometer disc.
Nanocoating by electroplated Chromium coating and Chromium
nitride using DLC method by PVD coating was done on
specimen pin and piston ring and this material which was used
tribometer testing.
Depleting fossil fuel resources, economic
competitiveness and environmental concerns has compelled to
explore newer avenues to improve efficiency of automotive
engines. Various techniques have been adapted to achieve this
goal.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
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Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
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Clinching as a Nonconventional Method to Join Drawing Quality Steel Sheets
1. @ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com
ISSN No: 2456
International
Research
Clinching as a Nonconventional Method to Join Drawing
Department of Computer Support of Technology
ABSTRACT
The most common methods for joining the galvanized
steel sheets in automotive industry is resistance spot
welding. These methods require some
consuming pretreatment of joined materials and the
protective layer is destroyed which lead to decreasing
of corrosion resistance. Therefore, it is necessary to
utilize the other joining methods. The contribution
deals with analysis of properties of clinched joints.
There were made samples with single press joint and
various sheets orientation due to punch and die and also
samples with double press joints. Deep drawing quality
steels of U.S.Steel Košice, Ltd. productions of various
thicknesses a quality were used. The steels are also
used in automotive industry. Moreover carrying
capacity of press joints was evaluated.
Keywords: clinched joints, double clinched joints,
carrying capacity of joints
I. INTRODUCTION
In materials joining technologies, the development of
the automotive industry in recent years has been
conducive to the development of new joining
techniques and the modification of the joining
techniques, which are already in use [1]. The trends of
materials and energy savings are being increasingly
applied to car body production. The production of cars
with lower weight and thus with lower fuel
consumption follows the environmental requirements
of reducing emissions in the air. On the base of these
demands, the need of joining of materials with different
thicknesses and qualities (formerly known as the
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2017
ISSN No: 2456 - 6470 | www.ijtsrd.com | Volume
International Journal of Trend in Scientific
Research and Development (IJTSRD)
International Open Access Journal
Clinching as a Nonconventional Method to Join Drawing
Quality Steel Sheets
Ľuboš Kaščák
Department of Computer Support of Technology
Technical University of Košice
Košice, Slovakia
The most common methods for joining the galvanized
steel sheets in automotive industry is resistance spot
specific time-
consuming pretreatment of joined materials and the
protective layer is destroyed which lead to decreasing
of corrosion resistance. Therefore, it is necessary to
utilize the other joining methods. The contribution
rties of clinched joints.
There were made samples with single press joint and
various sheets orientation due to punch and die and also
samples with double press joints. Deep drawing quality
steels of U.S.Steel Košice, Ltd. productions of various
s a quality were used. The steels are also
used in automotive industry. Moreover carrying
: clinched joints, double clinched joints,
In materials joining technologies, the development of
the automotive industry in recent years has been
conducive to the development of new joining
techniques and the modification of the joining
techniques, which are already in use [1]. The trends of
als and energy savings are being increasingly
applied to car body production. The production of cars
with lower weight and thus with lower fuel
consumption follows the environmental requirements
of reducing emissions in the air. On the base of these
s, the need of joining of materials with different
thicknesses and qualities (formerly known as the
Ultralight Steel Auto Body ULSAB project), coated or
non-coated, and joining ferrous and non
as well [2-3]. Their application in the automoti
industry opens new possibilities for designers. These
consist in the optimal use of the properties of different
types of sheets, which can be combined into one
complex construction and thus affect its strength,
stiffness or corrosion resistance in vario
drawn parts. The above requirements lead to the need
for further research in the field of material joining, with
particular emphasis on the load
joints, their lifetime or corrosion resistance [4
One of the joining methods utilized in the automotive
industry is a mechanical joining technique
The mechanical clinching is considered as one of the
possible alternatives to replace resistance spot welding,
especially when galvanized steel sheets are welded a
also where no conventional welding can be used, e.g.
when joining combination of aluminium parts and steel
parts [6-8].
The clinching process does not build any thermal
stresses into the work-piece, so a clinched joint
performs well where there is the
fatigue or heat [9].
The paper deals with the analysis of the properties of
joints created by the method of mechanical clinching.
For the experiments, hot-dip galvanized steel sheets of
drawing quality were used.
Dec 2017 Page: 1229
| www.ijtsrd.com | Volume - 2 | Issue – 1
Scientific
(IJTSRD)
International Open Access Journal
Clinching as a Nonconventional Method to Join Drawing
Ultralight Steel Auto Body ULSAB project), coated or
coated, and joining ferrous and non-ferrous metals
3]. Their application in the automotive
industry opens new possibilities for designers. These
consist in the optimal use of the properties of different
types of sheets, which can be combined into one
complex construction and thus affect its strength,
stiffness or corrosion resistance in various areas of the
drawn parts. The above requirements lead to the need
for further research in the field of material joining, with
particular emphasis on the load-bearing capacity of the
joints, their lifetime or corrosion resistance [4-5].
g methods utilized in the automotive
industry is a mechanical joining technique -clinching.
The mechanical clinching is considered as one of the
possible alternatives to replace resistance spot welding,
especially when galvanized steel sheets are welded and
also where no conventional welding can be used, e.g.
when joining combination of aluminium parts and steel
The clinching process does not build any thermal
piece, so a clinched joint
performs well where there is the potential of thermal
The paper deals with the analysis of the properties of
joints created by the method of mechanical clinching.
dip galvanized steel sheets of
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2017 Page: 1230
II. PRINCIPLE OF CLINCHING
Clinching as most used method of mechanical joining is
a metalworking process which can connect steel sheets
effectively without any splashes, flashes or harmful
light. The principle of this technique consists in
pressing the bonded sheets into a specially shaped die
(Fig. 1). With increasing pressure, the joined materials
are forced to flow into the sides of the specially shaped
die (Fig. 2). Two or more metal sheets should be joined
(made of the same or different materials and up to a
total joint thickness of about 5–6 mm) regardless of
surface condition and without any edge preparation [9].
After the joint has been made, there is no need for
repainting the sheets or performing stress relieving
treatments [10-11].
In recent years, it is said that this method of materials
joining will largely replace spot welding in car body
production. In comparison with resistance spot welding,
the clinching has the following advantages:
from 30 to 60% of cost savings compared to
resistance spot welding,
simple, non-destructive quality control of the joint
is possible,
the material is reinforced at the joint place; no
surface cracks occur,
the clinched joint reaches about 50% of the static
strength in comparison with resistance spot weld
strength,
higher lifetime of active tool parts (250,000 to
300,000 joints) in comparison with resistance spot
welding electrode tips (1000 to 5000 welds).
Fig. 1. Active parts of clinching tool: a) punch
and b) die
Fig. 2. Phases of clinched joint formation
III. METHODICS AND EXPERIMENTS
The hot-dip galvanized steel sheets of drawing quality
DC01, DC04 and DX53D with various thickens were
used for the experiments. The basic mechanical
properties and chemical composition of these materials
are shown in Tab. I and II.
Following samples for the experiments were created by
combining these types of steel sheets:
Sample I: DC01 (thickness 0.80 mm) and
DC01 (thickness 0.62 mm)
Sample II: DC04 (thickness 1.00 mm) and
DC01 (thickness 0.62 mm)
Sample III: DC01 (thickness 0.90 mm) and
DC01 (thickness 0.62 mm)
Sample IV: DX53D (thickness 0.98 mm) and
DC01 (thickness 0.62 mm)
Three types of samples were produced: single-pressure
samples, where thicker of the joined sheets were
situated on the die side, samples with one pressure joint
where the thinner of the joined sheets were on the die
side and samples with double clinched joints. The
samples with dimensions of 40 x 90 mm and lapping of
30 mm were prepared for the experiments. For each
sheets combination, 10 samples were prepared. The
surfaces of joined steel sheets were not cleaned before
clinching process.
The load-bearing capacity of the clinched joint was
measured by static tensile test on the TIRAtest 2300
metal strength test machine of VEB TIW Rauenstein at
a load speed of 8 mm/min, according to STN 05 1122
standard.
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
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TABLE I. BASIC MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF
JOINED MATERIALS
Material
(thickness)
Re
[MPa]
Rm
[MPa]
A80
[%]
DC01 (0.62
mm)
153 270 46
DC01 (0.80
mm)
167 281 44
DC01 (0.90
mm)
175 285 42
DC04 (1.0) 171 311 42
DX53D (0.98
mm)
239 341 36
TABLE II. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF JOINED
MATERIALS IN WT [%]
Material
(thickness)
C Mn P S Al
DC01
(0.62 mm)
0.05 0.27 0.013 0.014 0.039
DC01
(0.80 mm)
0.04 0.162 0.008 0.0065 0.043
DC01
(0.90 mm)
0.04 0.18 0.008 0.006 0.043
DC04
(1.0)
0.083 0.332 0.009 0.0126 0.043
DX53D
(0.98 mm)
0.07 1.54 0.01 0.0032 0.052
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The average values of the load-bearing capacity of the
clinched joints are shown in Fig. 3. The samples with
double clinched joints were formed only with a thinner
sheet on the die side.
Average values of load-bearing capacity of clinched
joints (*thinner sheet on the die side)
The highest values of load-bearing capacity were
achieved with double clinched joints, followed by the
samples with a single clinched joint when the thin sheet
was oriented on the die side and the lowest load-
bearing capacity was achieved with single clinched
joints where the thinner sheet was on the punch side.
As can be seen in Fig. 4, the failure of the clinched
joints depends on the orientation of the steel sheets
relative to the punch and die. A deformed part of the
top steel sheet along with a crack in the clinched joint is
visible on the sample along the circumference of the
joint - Fig. 4a. This part was torn from the lower,
thinner plate. Figure 4b shows the sample breakage
occurred by rupturing the thinner bottom in the critical
area of the joint, i.e. in the place with the largest
thinning. The critical area of the joint is shown in Fig.
5. A typical example of a double clinched joint failure
is shown in Fig. 6.
a) b)
Fig 4. Sample IV after tensile test: a) sheet of 0.62 mm
on the die side, b) sheet of 0.98 mm on the die side
Lower
Sheet Lower
Sheet
Upper
Sheet
Upper
Sheet
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Fig 5. a) Critical area in the clinched joint,
b) thinner sheet on the die side, c) thinner sheet on the
punch side
Fig 6. Sample III with double clinched joints after
tensile test - thinner sheet of 0.62 mm on the die side
A B
C D
CA
Fig 7. The cross section of sample I (CA – critical
area of the clinched joint
The average percent increase in load-bearing capacity
of one joint in samples I when exchanging steel sheets
relative to the punch and dies was 40.2%, in samples II
was 129.4%, in samples III was 66% and in samples IV
was 149.3%. The increase in load-bearing capacity of
double clinched joints compared to the one clinched
joint (joint with a thinner sheet on the die side) was
nearly 100% for all observed samples.
Lower
Sheet
Upper
Sheet
5. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
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The measured and the computed values show that the
higher values of the load-bearing capacity of one
clinched joint with the thinner sheet on the die side
reached the samples II and IV, where the difference in
the joined thicknesses of the materials was most
significant.
Figure 7 shows a cross section of the part of pressure
joint of the sample I (DC01, thickness of 0.8 mm +
DC01, thickness of 0.62 mm). In the place A, the
structures of the two joined materials are visible
without grain deformation caused by joining process. In
the place B, where the clinched joint starts to be
created, the deformed grains of the joined materials are
visible, with greater deformation on the top sheet. In
the place C, the deformation of the grains of both
materials is almost the same. In the bottom of the
clinched joint in the place D, a considerable
deformation of the grains of both materials was
observed. There is more than 50% of the thinning in
both joined steel sheets. At the bottom of the clinched
joint and in the critical area of the clinched joint, the
largest amount of thinning of the joined materials
occurred.
Conclusion
The mechanical clinching is a relatively new method of
material joining. Its usage in the automotive industry is
increasing as an alternative to resistance spot welding
or in cases where conventional joining method cannot
be used. Research into properties of clinched joints in
the automotive industry is mainly focused on their
impact on the load-bearing capacity of the resulting
parts. Since the 1990s, the tailored blanks consisting of
materials of different qualities and thicknesses are
investigated by the ULSAB (UltraLight Steel Auto
Body) project. This also closely relates to the need for
research into the joining of materials of different
thicknesses and qualities using various joining
methods.
On the basis of the conducted experiment, the
following conclusions can be formed:
the results of the tensile test as well as the
metallographic observations confirmed the
mechanical clinching as a suitable method for
joining the tested combination of materials,
the highest values of load-bearing capacity were
achieved with double clinched joints,
load-bearing capacity of the clinched joints varies
significantly depending on the orientation of the
sheets in the testing sample,
when clinching materials of different thickness, it is
advantageous to orient the joined materials so that
the thinner sheet is on the die side and the thicker
sheet on the punch side.
Acknowledgment
Author is grateful for the support of experimental
works by project VEGA 1/0441/17 - Application of
high-strength materials for outer car body parts.
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