Climatology mcq's part 1
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•140 views
This document contains 5 multiple choice questions about the earth's atmosphere. Question 1 asks about terrestrial radiation and references Wien's displacement law. Question 2 asks about the greenhouse gas that causes the most greenhouse effect, with options for CO2, CH4, and H2O. Question 3 asks about dynamically induced pressure belts and references the Coriolis force. Question 4 asks about the term "atmospheric windows" and gives location-based answer choices. Question 5 asks to match characteristics of atmospheric layers to the correct layer.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Chapter 7 Review
The document provides a study guide for a Chapter 7 test on oceanography. It lists various topics to review, including visualizing oceanography, class notes, and interactive tasks that explain concepts like the Coriolis effect, pressure belts, tropical air masses, and hurricane formation. It also provides multiple choice questions with answers on these topics to help prepare for the test.
The Morning Glory, Rolling Cloud
The document discusses travelling waves and bores in the lower atmosphere, focusing on the "Morning Glory" phenomenon. It provides:
1) An overview of the Morning Glory, describing it as a spectacular low roll cloud associated with solitary wave disturbances at the leading edge of an undular bore that propagates on a low-level stable layer.
2) Details on the structure and preferred directions of travel of Morning Glory disturbances in northern Australia, as well as their genesis, demise, and relation to nocturnal solitary wave disturbances.
3) An explanation of the theoretical background involving equations like Korteweg-de Vries and Benjamin-Ono-Burgers that can model these types of atmospheric
2 W&C OVERVIEW PPT
This document summarizes key concepts about climate and weather including:
1. It describes the structure of the atmosphere and how temperature decreases with altitude due to lapse rate. It also discusses atmospheric composition and heat transfer.
2. The climate of the British Isles is summarized as having clearly defined seasons with warm, mild summers and cool, wet winters due to maritime influences.
3. General atmospheric circulation is governed by convection cells and the deflection of winds by the Coriolis effect, which drives surface weather systems.
Tropical cyclones and temperate cyclones
There are two main types of cyclones: tropical cyclones and temperate cyclones. Tropical cyclones form in tropical regions between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, originating from warm, moist air masses. Temperate cyclones, also known as extra-tropical cyclones, form in temperate regions between 30-60 degrees latitude due to the convergence of warm and cold air masses along fronts. Some key differences are that tropical cyclones are smaller in size but more intense, with stronger winds near the surface, while temperate cyclones are larger but less severe, with strongest winds at higher elevations.
fronts and mid latitude cyclones
This document provides an overview of fronts and mid-latitude cyclones. It discusses the different types of fronts including warm fronts, cold fronts, stationary fronts and occluded fronts. It describes how mid-latitude cyclones form along polar fronts and the associated weather patterns. Key features of mid-latitude cyclones include the progression from warm to cold to occluded fronts as the cyclone evolves over time, bringing changing weather conditions to affected regions.
Cyclones - Understanding Storm Systems
1. What is a Cyclone? Types? Paths?
2. How do we recognize a cyclone?
3. What are Mid-latitude Cyclonic Systems?
4. What are their stages, from birth to dissipation?
5. What is the weather associated with the passage of a wave cyclone?
Upper atmosphere air movements
The document discusses the cell model of global air circulation. It explains that air rises near the equator and descends around 30 degrees north and south latitude, creating zones of high and low pressure. Variations in upper-level jet streams and Rossby waves influence surface weather patterns, such as bringing low pressure systems to the UK. The lesson aims to explain how upper-atmosphere movements cause changes in surface air pressure globally.
Fronts and Mid-latitude Cyclones
Fronts are boundaries between air masses and are a dominant feature of mid-latitudes. There are three main types of fronts: warm fronts, where warm air rises over cold air; cold fronts, where dense cold air pushes under warm air; and occluded fronts, where a cold front catches up to a warm front. Mid-latitude cyclones form along polar fronts due to divergence aloft and convergence at the surface, driving rotation and cloud formation. They typically intensify as cold fronts overtake warm fronts, then weaken as the low fills in.
Recommended
Chapter 7 Review
The document provides a study guide for a Chapter 7 test on oceanography. It lists various topics to review, including visualizing oceanography, class notes, and interactive tasks that explain concepts like the Coriolis effect, pressure belts, tropical air masses, and hurricane formation. It also provides multiple choice questions with answers on these topics to help prepare for the test.
The Morning Glory, Rolling Cloud
The document discusses travelling waves and bores in the lower atmosphere, focusing on the "Morning Glory" phenomenon. It provides:
1) An overview of the Morning Glory, describing it as a spectacular low roll cloud associated with solitary wave disturbances at the leading edge of an undular bore that propagates on a low-level stable layer.
2) Details on the structure and preferred directions of travel of Morning Glory disturbances in northern Australia, as well as their genesis, demise, and relation to nocturnal solitary wave disturbances.
3) An explanation of the theoretical background involving equations like Korteweg-de Vries and Benjamin-Ono-Burgers that can model these types of atmospheric
2 W&C OVERVIEW PPT
This document summarizes key concepts about climate and weather including:
1. It describes the structure of the atmosphere and how temperature decreases with altitude due to lapse rate. It also discusses atmospheric composition and heat transfer.
2. The climate of the British Isles is summarized as having clearly defined seasons with warm, mild summers and cool, wet winters due to maritime influences.
3. General atmospheric circulation is governed by convection cells and the deflection of winds by the Coriolis effect, which drives surface weather systems.
Tropical cyclones and temperate cyclones
There are two main types of cyclones: tropical cyclones and temperate cyclones. Tropical cyclones form in tropical regions between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, originating from warm, moist air masses. Temperate cyclones, also known as extra-tropical cyclones, form in temperate regions between 30-60 degrees latitude due to the convergence of warm and cold air masses along fronts. Some key differences are that tropical cyclones are smaller in size but more intense, with stronger winds near the surface, while temperate cyclones are larger but less severe, with strongest winds at higher elevations.
fronts and mid latitude cyclones
This document provides an overview of fronts and mid-latitude cyclones. It discusses the different types of fronts including warm fronts, cold fronts, stationary fronts and occluded fronts. It describes how mid-latitude cyclones form along polar fronts and the associated weather patterns. Key features of mid-latitude cyclones include the progression from warm to cold to occluded fronts as the cyclone evolves over time, bringing changing weather conditions to affected regions.
Cyclones - Understanding Storm Systems
1. What is a Cyclone? Types? Paths?
2. How do we recognize a cyclone?
3. What are Mid-latitude Cyclonic Systems?
4. What are their stages, from birth to dissipation?
5. What is the weather associated with the passage of a wave cyclone?
Upper atmosphere air movements
The document discusses the cell model of global air circulation. It explains that air rises near the equator and descends around 30 degrees north and south latitude, creating zones of high and low pressure. Variations in upper-level jet streams and Rossby waves influence surface weather patterns, such as bringing low pressure systems to the UK. The lesson aims to explain how upper-atmosphere movements cause changes in surface air pressure globally.
Fronts and Mid-latitude Cyclones
Fronts are boundaries between air masses and are a dominant feature of mid-latitudes. There are three main types of fronts: warm fronts, where warm air rises over cold air; cold fronts, where dense cold air pushes under warm air; and occluded fronts, where a cold front catches up to a warm front. Mid-latitude cyclones form along polar fronts due to divergence aloft and convergence at the surface, driving rotation and cloud formation. They typically intensify as cold fronts overtake warm fronts, then weaken as the low fills in.
Lecture15 oct30-bb
The document discusses three instruments that measured cosmic ray neutron intensity during Hurricane Sandy as it passed through the Northeast US in late October 2012. The instruments included a neutron monitor in Newark, DE and two COSMOS probes, one in Beltsville, MD and the other in Shale Hills, PA. The COSMOS probes responded differently due to one experiencing heavy rainfall whereas the other did not. The Newark monitor showed a response to decreasing atmospheric pressure. Data from all instruments is available online.
Physical Geography Lecture 06.5 - Atmosphere and Ocean Circulation Pt2 101916
PGF. Coriolis Force. Geostrophic winds. Friction. Surface winds, Northern Hemisphere vs. Southern Hemisphere. Convergent and Divergent Air. Hadley cells. Global circulation model, breakdown of each zone. Jet streams, Rossby Waves. Monsoons. Seasonal wind changes (global). Multi-year atmospheric oscillations: ENSO, NAO. Ocean currents, Ekman spiral/transport, upwelling/downwelling.
20100418_Herman_Ridderinkhof_Getijden
The document summarizes research on tides and shallow water sea research conducted by the Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ). It discusses the causes and characteristics of tides, how tides propagate in oceans and shallow seas, and examples of tide patterns and amplification. It also describes some NIOZ studies on tides and ecosystems in the Wadden Sea including continuous observations using sensors on ferries and jetties, monitoring of bottom profiles and migrating sandwaves, and long-term changes in temperature, salinity and communities in response to nutrient levels and climate change.
Physical Geography Lecture 04 - Earth's Energy and Seasons 10.03.16
The document discusses Earth's orientation in space and how its axial tilt, precession, and elliptical orbit affect seasonal changes in insolation levels. It explains that Earth's axial tilt varies between 21.5-24.5 degrees over tens of thousands of years, causing variations in seasonal temperatures. The tilt creates solstices when the sun is directly overhead at one of the Tropics, and equinoxes when it is overhead at the equator. Regions receive different levels of solar radiation depending on latitude and season, with implications for Earth's global heat balance.
Fronts Foldable
A cold front occurs when dense, cooler air pushes under less dense warm air, often producing severe weather like heavy rain or snow. A warm front happens when less dense warm air rides over more dense cool air, beginning with cirrus clouds then stratus and light to moderate rain followed by warmer weather. A stationary front is the boundary between two air masses that are not displacing each other and results in consistent weather until a force makes the fronts move.
summary earth energy balance
The document summarizes key concepts about the Earth's energy balance. It explains that the atmosphere absorbs and scatters some incoming solar radiation while allowing visible light to pass through, and greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and water vapor in the atmosphere absorb outgoing infrared radiation from the Earth's surface, enhancing the greenhouse effect and warming the planet. The Earth's temperature remains relatively constant over time as the gains and losses of radiant energy are balanced on a global scale, though human activities can affect these energy flows and potentially disrupt this balance.
97. Milankovitch Cycle Notes
The Milankovitch cycles are an explanation for cyclical ice ages based on changes in three factors of Earth's orbit and axial tilt: eccentricity, obliquity, and precession. Eccentricity refers to variations in Earth's orbital ovalness, which affects the difference between summer and winter solar radiation. Obliquity involves fluctuations in the tilt of Earth's axis between 22.1-24.5 degrees, impacting seasonal temperature contrasts. Precession means a gradual change in the direction of Earth's axial tilt over thousands of years, altering which hemisphere receives more solar energy during its summer. The cycles occur over periods from 19,000 to 100,000 years.
General Circulation of the Atmosphere
Air Circulation models, three model cells, planetary & local wind are shown here with flexible example.
Temperate Cyclones
The document provides information about mid-latitude cyclones, including:
1) The stages of development of a mid-latitude cyclone are the initial, development, mature, and occlusion stages.
2) Conditions necessary for their formation include contact between warm/moist and cold/dry air masses at the polar front with convergence and disturbances forming a low pressure system.
3) Characteristics include originating in mid-latitudes, moving eastward, rotating counterclockwise, having a diameter of up to 1,000 miles, bringing changing weather over 1-3 days, and being caused by clashes between different air masses.
Cyclone and anticyclone
Cyclones and anticyclones are areas of low and high atmospheric pressure respectively. Air flows cyclonically (counterclockwise in northern hemisphere) around low pressure systems and anticyclonically (clockwise) around high pressure systems. Cyclones are associated with rising air and rain while anticyclones see sinking air and fair weather. Irregularities in jet streams can contribute to the formation and movement of cyclonic and anticyclonic weather systems.
105. Lithospheric Effects on Climate Change
The movement of tectonic plates and continents over hundreds of millions of years has significantly impacted Earth's climate by altering factors like continental positions relative to the sun, ocean and wind currents, and planetary albedo. Specifically, shifting continents to different latitudes changes the amount of solar radiation received, and altering coastlines modifies ocean and air circulation patterns that influence weather. Additionally, a single consolidated land mass reflects more incoming sunlight than fragmented continents or oceans alone.
Physical Geography Lecture 04.5 - Earth's Atmosphere 101016
The document discusses key concepts about Earth's atmosphere including:
1. The atmosphere is composed primarily of nitrogen and oxygen gases. It also contains variable amounts of gases like carbon dioxide and ozone that influence climate.
2. Solar radiation is processed as it passes through the atmosphere, being scattered, absorbed, or transmitted. Particulates play an important role by reflecting or absorbing sunlight.
3. Temperature varies with altitude, decreasing in the troposphere due to conduction and the environmental lapse rate, and increasing in the stratosphere due to ozone absorption of UV light.
93. Angle of the Sun Notes
The document discusses how the angle of insolation, or incoming solar radiation, affects temperature, seasons, and energy flow. A more direct angle of insolation results in higher temperatures as the energy is more concentrated, while lower angles spread out the energy. Summer occurs when an area is tilted toward the sun for more direct insolation, while winter happens when tilted away. The angle changes over the course of a year and impacts the input of solar energy and resulting temperatures and climate.
Key Slides
1) The document discusses atmospheric circulation and how differences in air pressure create wind patterns around the world.
2) It describes the trade winds that were discovered by Columbus and helped early explorers sail to destinations in the Americas and around the Cape of Good Hope in Africa.
3) The tricellular model proposed by Ferrel explains the global circulation pattern involving the Hadley cell, Ferrel cell, and polar cell that drive the trade winds and westerlies.
Lecture11 oct16-bb
1) Geostrophic wind occurs when the pressure gradient force and Coriolis force are balanced and parallel to the isobars.
2) The strength of geostrophic wind depends on the pressure gradient force, not the Coriolis force, because the Coriolis force only changes the direction of wind, not its speed.
3) Gradient wind results from a balance between the pressure gradient force, Coriolis force, and centripetal force due to the curvature of wind flow and isobars.
Heat in the Atmosphere Notes
This document discusses the three methods of heat transfer: radiation, conduction, and convection. It also covers several key concepts relating to the atmosphere and climate change, including: the layers of the atmosphere and how they absorb different wavelengths of solar radiation; scattering and reflection of light; the greenhouse effect and global warming; and the effect of the sun's angle on seasons.
Phes ch20 Severe Weather
The document discusses different types of air masses and weather systems. It describes continental polar and maritime tropical air masses as influencing weather in North America. It also explains the formation of fronts when different air masses meet, including warm, cold, stationary and occluded fronts. Additionally, it summarizes thunderstorms, tornadoes, hurricanes and their development, occurrence and intensity scales.
New Millennium London Fireworks
Fireworks barges set off every second from Greenwich to Vauxhall up the Thames as midnight passed them to usher in the new millennium
3. Atmospheric circulation
The global atmospheric circulation system transports heat around the Earth's atmosphere and affects climate and weather patterns. It involves warm air rising at the equator and cold air sinking at the poles, creating circulation cells. Without this system, temperatures would become more extreme between the tropics and poles.
Marine - Energy in the Atmosphere Notes
This document discusses various topics relating to energy in the atmosphere, including:
- Heat energy and how it relates to the movement of atoms
- Different types of radiation that make up the electromagnetic spectrum
- How solar radiation interacts with layers of the atmosphere and is absorbed by certain gases
- Processes like scattering, reflection, and the greenhouse effect that redistribute heat energy
Icar iaea physi cs questions converted
The document is about sample physics questions for an entrance exam for admission to BSc Agriculture programs in Tamil Nadu Agricultural University and other agricultural universities. It contains 33 multiple choice physics questions on topics like mechanics, electricity, waves, optics and thermodynamics along with explanations for the answers. The questions are provided in both English and Tamil.
Why Tahoe Gets So Much Wildfire Smoke and How We Can Predict It
You can find us at TahoeSiliconMountain.com or sign up for email meeting announcements here: http://bit.ly/TSMEmail
Tahoe Silicon Mountain, a local network of entrepreneurs and professionals, is pleased to welcome Neil Lareau to present at Mountain Minds Monday: “Why Tahoe Gets So Much Wildfire Smoke and How We Can Predict It”
Come learn from a physicist why we’ve had so many smoky days in Tahoe and how cutting-edge remote sensors provide new perspectives about wildfires that can help us advance our ability to predict their impacts on society.
Neil Lareau, Assistant Professor of physics at the University of Nevada, Reno, will explain the inner workings of destructive and extreme fire behaviors like fire tornadoes, 130+ mph winds, and pyrocumulus clouds that can reach 40,000 feet into the atmosphere.
Mountain Minds Monday will be held on Monday, October 8th from 6-8 pm at Pizza on the Hill, in Tahoe Donner located at 11509 Northwoods Blvd., Truckee. Pizza and salad are available and we use a pay-what-you-can model ($5 minimum).
Before and after the presentation, there will be time for networking.
The event will also be livestreamed and available online as it happens on YouTube: bit.ly/YouTubeTSM
This month’s event is sponsored by Holland & Hart LLP, Molsby & Bordner, LLP, Mountain Workspace, and Heads Up Health.
You can find us at TahoeSiliconMountain.com or sign up for email meeting announcements here: http://bit.ly/TSMEmail
More Related Content
What's hot
Lecture15 oct30-bb
The document discusses three instruments that measured cosmic ray neutron intensity during Hurricane Sandy as it passed through the Northeast US in late October 2012. The instruments included a neutron monitor in Newark, DE and two COSMOS probes, one in Beltsville, MD and the other in Shale Hills, PA. The COSMOS probes responded differently due to one experiencing heavy rainfall whereas the other did not. The Newark monitor showed a response to decreasing atmospheric pressure. Data from all instruments is available online.
Physical Geography Lecture 06.5 - Atmosphere and Ocean Circulation Pt2 101916
PGF. Coriolis Force. Geostrophic winds. Friction. Surface winds, Northern Hemisphere vs. Southern Hemisphere. Convergent and Divergent Air. Hadley cells. Global circulation model, breakdown of each zone. Jet streams, Rossby Waves. Monsoons. Seasonal wind changes (global). Multi-year atmospheric oscillations: ENSO, NAO. Ocean currents, Ekman spiral/transport, upwelling/downwelling.
20100418_Herman_Ridderinkhof_Getijden
The document summarizes research on tides and shallow water sea research conducted by the Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ). It discusses the causes and characteristics of tides, how tides propagate in oceans and shallow seas, and examples of tide patterns and amplification. It also describes some NIOZ studies on tides and ecosystems in the Wadden Sea including continuous observations using sensors on ferries and jetties, monitoring of bottom profiles and migrating sandwaves, and long-term changes in temperature, salinity and communities in response to nutrient levels and climate change.
Physical Geography Lecture 04 - Earth's Energy and Seasons 10.03.16
The document discusses Earth's orientation in space and how its axial tilt, precession, and elliptical orbit affect seasonal changes in insolation levels. It explains that Earth's axial tilt varies between 21.5-24.5 degrees over tens of thousands of years, causing variations in seasonal temperatures. The tilt creates solstices when the sun is directly overhead at one of the Tropics, and equinoxes when it is overhead at the equator. Regions receive different levels of solar radiation depending on latitude and season, with implications for Earth's global heat balance.
Fronts Foldable
A cold front occurs when dense, cooler air pushes under less dense warm air, often producing severe weather like heavy rain or snow. A warm front happens when less dense warm air rides over more dense cool air, beginning with cirrus clouds then stratus and light to moderate rain followed by warmer weather. A stationary front is the boundary between two air masses that are not displacing each other and results in consistent weather until a force makes the fronts move.
summary earth energy balance
The document summarizes key concepts about the Earth's energy balance. It explains that the atmosphere absorbs and scatters some incoming solar radiation while allowing visible light to pass through, and greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and water vapor in the atmosphere absorb outgoing infrared radiation from the Earth's surface, enhancing the greenhouse effect and warming the planet. The Earth's temperature remains relatively constant over time as the gains and losses of radiant energy are balanced on a global scale, though human activities can affect these energy flows and potentially disrupt this balance.
97. Milankovitch Cycle Notes
The Milankovitch cycles are an explanation for cyclical ice ages based on changes in three factors of Earth's orbit and axial tilt: eccentricity, obliquity, and precession. Eccentricity refers to variations in Earth's orbital ovalness, which affects the difference between summer and winter solar radiation. Obliquity involves fluctuations in the tilt of Earth's axis between 22.1-24.5 degrees, impacting seasonal temperature contrasts. Precession means a gradual change in the direction of Earth's axial tilt over thousands of years, altering which hemisphere receives more solar energy during its summer. The cycles occur over periods from 19,000 to 100,000 years.
General Circulation of the Atmosphere
Air Circulation models, three model cells, planetary & local wind are shown here with flexible example.
Temperate Cyclones
The document provides information about mid-latitude cyclones, including:
1) The stages of development of a mid-latitude cyclone are the initial, development, mature, and occlusion stages.
2) Conditions necessary for their formation include contact between warm/moist and cold/dry air masses at the polar front with convergence and disturbances forming a low pressure system.
3) Characteristics include originating in mid-latitudes, moving eastward, rotating counterclockwise, having a diameter of up to 1,000 miles, bringing changing weather over 1-3 days, and being caused by clashes between different air masses.
Cyclone and anticyclone
Cyclones and anticyclones are areas of low and high atmospheric pressure respectively. Air flows cyclonically (counterclockwise in northern hemisphere) around low pressure systems and anticyclonically (clockwise) around high pressure systems. Cyclones are associated with rising air and rain while anticyclones see sinking air and fair weather. Irregularities in jet streams can contribute to the formation and movement of cyclonic and anticyclonic weather systems.
105. Lithospheric Effects on Climate Change
The movement of tectonic plates and continents over hundreds of millions of years has significantly impacted Earth's climate by altering factors like continental positions relative to the sun, ocean and wind currents, and planetary albedo. Specifically, shifting continents to different latitudes changes the amount of solar radiation received, and altering coastlines modifies ocean and air circulation patterns that influence weather. Additionally, a single consolidated land mass reflects more incoming sunlight than fragmented continents or oceans alone.
Physical Geography Lecture 04.5 - Earth's Atmosphere 101016
The document discusses key concepts about Earth's atmosphere including:
1. The atmosphere is composed primarily of nitrogen and oxygen gases. It also contains variable amounts of gases like carbon dioxide and ozone that influence climate.
2. Solar radiation is processed as it passes through the atmosphere, being scattered, absorbed, or transmitted. Particulates play an important role by reflecting or absorbing sunlight.
3. Temperature varies with altitude, decreasing in the troposphere due to conduction and the environmental lapse rate, and increasing in the stratosphere due to ozone absorption of UV light.
93. Angle of the Sun Notes
The document discusses how the angle of insolation, or incoming solar radiation, affects temperature, seasons, and energy flow. A more direct angle of insolation results in higher temperatures as the energy is more concentrated, while lower angles spread out the energy. Summer occurs when an area is tilted toward the sun for more direct insolation, while winter happens when tilted away. The angle changes over the course of a year and impacts the input of solar energy and resulting temperatures and climate.
Key Slides
1) The document discusses atmospheric circulation and how differences in air pressure create wind patterns around the world.
2) It describes the trade winds that were discovered by Columbus and helped early explorers sail to destinations in the Americas and around the Cape of Good Hope in Africa.
3) The tricellular model proposed by Ferrel explains the global circulation pattern involving the Hadley cell, Ferrel cell, and polar cell that drive the trade winds and westerlies.
Lecture11 oct16-bb
1) Geostrophic wind occurs when the pressure gradient force and Coriolis force are balanced and parallel to the isobars.
2) The strength of geostrophic wind depends on the pressure gradient force, not the Coriolis force, because the Coriolis force only changes the direction of wind, not its speed.
3) Gradient wind results from a balance between the pressure gradient force, Coriolis force, and centripetal force due to the curvature of wind flow and isobars.
Heat in the Atmosphere Notes
This document discusses the three methods of heat transfer: radiation, conduction, and convection. It also covers several key concepts relating to the atmosphere and climate change, including: the layers of the atmosphere and how they absorb different wavelengths of solar radiation; scattering and reflection of light; the greenhouse effect and global warming; and the effect of the sun's angle on seasons.
Phes ch20 Severe Weather
The document discusses different types of air masses and weather systems. It describes continental polar and maritime tropical air masses as influencing weather in North America. It also explains the formation of fronts when different air masses meet, including warm, cold, stationary and occluded fronts. Additionally, it summarizes thunderstorms, tornadoes, hurricanes and their development, occurrence and intensity scales.
New Millennium London Fireworks
Fireworks barges set off every second from Greenwich to Vauxhall up the Thames as midnight passed them to usher in the new millennium
3. Atmospheric circulation
The global atmospheric circulation system transports heat around the Earth's atmosphere and affects climate and weather patterns. It involves warm air rising at the equator and cold air sinking at the poles, creating circulation cells. Without this system, temperatures would become more extreme between the tropics and poles.
Marine - Energy in the Atmosphere Notes
This document discusses various topics relating to energy in the atmosphere, including:
- Heat energy and how it relates to the movement of atoms
- Different types of radiation that make up the electromagnetic spectrum
- How solar radiation interacts with layers of the atmosphere and is absorbed by certain gases
- Processes like scattering, reflection, and the greenhouse effect that redistribute heat energy
What's hot (20)
Physical Geography Lecture 06.5 - Atmosphere and Ocean Circulation Pt2 101916
Physical Geography Lecture 06.5 - Atmosphere and Ocean Circulation Pt2 101916
Physical Geography Lecture 04 - Earth's Energy and Seasons 10.03.16
Physical Geography Lecture 04 - Earth's Energy and Seasons 10.03.16
Physical Geography Lecture 04.5 - Earth's Atmosphere 101016
Physical Geography Lecture 04.5 - Earth's Atmosphere 101016
Similar to Climatology mcq's part 1
Icar iaea physi cs questions converted
The document is about sample physics questions for an entrance exam for admission to BSc Agriculture programs in Tamil Nadu Agricultural University and other agricultural universities. It contains 33 multiple choice physics questions on topics like mechanics, electricity, waves, optics and thermodynamics along with explanations for the answers. The questions are provided in both English and Tamil.
Why Tahoe Gets So Much Wildfire Smoke and How We Can Predict It
You can find us at TahoeSiliconMountain.com or sign up for email meeting announcements here: http://bit.ly/TSMEmail
Tahoe Silicon Mountain, a local network of entrepreneurs and professionals, is pleased to welcome Neil Lareau to present at Mountain Minds Monday: “Why Tahoe Gets So Much Wildfire Smoke and How We Can Predict It”
Come learn from a physicist why we’ve had so many smoky days in Tahoe and how cutting-edge remote sensors provide new perspectives about wildfires that can help us advance our ability to predict their impacts on society.
Neil Lareau, Assistant Professor of physics at the University of Nevada, Reno, will explain the inner workings of destructive and extreme fire behaviors like fire tornadoes, 130+ mph winds, and pyrocumulus clouds that can reach 40,000 feet into the atmosphere.
Mountain Minds Monday will be held on Monday, October 8th from 6-8 pm at Pizza on the Hill, in Tahoe Donner located at 11509 Northwoods Blvd., Truckee. Pizza and salad are available and we use a pay-what-you-can model ($5 minimum).
Before and after the presentation, there will be time for networking.
The event will also be livestreamed and available online as it happens on YouTube: bit.ly/YouTubeTSM
This month’s event is sponsored by Holland & Hart LLP, Molsby & Bordner, LLP, Mountain Workspace, and Heads Up Health.
You can find us at TahoeSiliconMountain.com or sign up for email meeting announcements here: http://bit.ly/TSMEmail
Seismic_for_students.pdf
This document contains questions about seismic refraction and reflection techniques. A normal moveout correction is applied to common midpoint gathers before stacking. A synthetic seismogram is generated by convolving an acoustic impedance log with an input pulse. It provides a relationship between travel times and depth to interfaces. Seismic velocity generally increases with depth due to increasing bulk and shear modulus with depth.
Ch 24 Electromagnetic Waves
This document provides an overview of electromagnetic waves and key concepts in physics including:
- James Clerk Maxwell showed that electric and magnetic fields can form propagating electromagnetic waves.
- Electromagnetic waves include visible light, ultraviolet rays, infrared rays, radio waves, x-rays and gamma rays.
- The speed of electromagnetic waves in a vacuum is a constant at approximately 3×10^8 m/s.
- Electromagnetic waves transport energy and the total energy density carried by a wave depends on the electric and magnetic field amplitudes.
Sofee
The document is a quiz with multiple choice questions covering topics in physics, chemistry, astronomy, and mathematics. There are over 30 questions testing knowledge of concepts like the earth's magnetic field, elements on the periodic table, properties of waves, relativity, nuclear reactions, properties of particles, and more. The questions are multiple choice with 4 possible answers for each, and the correct answer is provided after each question.
Let practice test in physical science
The document contains a practice test for a physical science exam with 40 multiple choice questions covering topics like the four strokes of an engine, plane mirror images, wave properties, electromagnetic radiation, electric charge, hydrocarbons, metal properties, forces, chemical reactions, gravitational potential energy, lunar eclipses, mineral properties, pressure in fluid streams, magnetism produced by electricity, momentum, machine efficiency, forms of energy, acceleration due to gravity, moon's gravity, circuit power, water pollution, electromagnetic waves, momentum after collision, echo minimization, volcano features, phonograph needle speed, fish density, identifying alkenes and alkanes, re
REFRACTION PATHS - Single Horizontal Refractor
This document summarizes seismic refraction paths involving a single horizontal refractor. It defines key terms like head waves, direct waves, critical distance, and crossover distance. It describes how Snell's law governs the refraction of seismic waves at boundaries between materials with different velocities. Equations are provided for calculating critical distance, crossover distance, and the depth of the refractor based on measured velocities and distances. In conclusion, the document notes that seismic refraction uses first arrivals to characterize subsurface geology by analyzing how seismic waves refract at boundaries between materials.
UHS Entrance Test MCAT Syllabus 2014
Lahore: University of Health Sciences (UHS) Entrance Test Syllabus MCAT 2014 for admission in Pakistani Medical & Dental Universities for MBBS & BDS.
for more information visit http://medicalkidunya.com/mcat/
httpwww.ces.fau.edunasamodule-2how-greenhouse-effect-
http://www.ces.fau.edu/nasa/mod
ule-2/how-greenhouse-effect-
works.php
This figure shows the blackbody spectra of Earth and sun. The incoming radiation from
the sun is much more intense (Y-axis) than that of outgoing radiation from the Earth
because the energy emitted from a blackbody is proportionate to its temperature to the
fourth (σT4) – i.e. the sun emits a far greater amount of energy than the Earth. Incoming
solar radiation is shortwave (X-axis, wavelength in microns) and in the wavelength range
of ultraviolet and visible radiation (shown as the rainbow spectrum of colors). Outgoing
Earth’s radiation is long wave and and is in the range of infrared radiation (shown in red).
Below the blackbody spectra, molecules in the atmosphere, known as greenhouse gases,
interfere with incoming and outgoing radiation. For instance, ozone (O3) in the
stratosphere absorbs some of incoming radiation and is known as the ozone layer. That
said, greenhouse gases (N2O, O3, CO2, and H2O) mainly interfere with outgoing radiation.
Let’s talk about the molecular motion of these greenhouse gases to understand the
greenhouse effect.
Molecular Motions and the Greenhouse Gases H2O and CO2
2349cm-1 667cm-1
Here are the physical causes (molecular motion) of the greenhouse effect. But first… it
may be a bit chunky, so sit back, take a deep breath!
Gas molecules can absorb or emit radiation in the infrared range in two different
ways. One way is by changing the rate at which the molecules rotate. The theory of
quantum mechanics describes the behavior of matter on a microscopic scale – that is,
the size of molecules and smaller. According to this theory, molecules can rotate only
at certain discrete frequencies as if vibrations of a piano string in that they tend to be
at specific “ringing” frequencies. (The rotation frequency is the number of revolutions
that a molecule completes per second.) The molecule can absorb incident wave
(energy), if this incident wave has just the right frequency.
This frequency of the radiation that can be absorbed or emitted depends on the
molecule’s structure. The H2O molecule is constructed in such a manner that it
absorbs infrared radiation of wavelengths of about 12 micrometers and longer. This
interaction gives rise to a very strong absorption feature in Earth’s atmosphere called
the H2O rotation band. As shown in the previous slide, virtually 100 % of infrared
radiation longer than 12 micrometers is absorbed with a combination of CO2 and H2O.
(By the way, the H2O rotation band extends all the way into the microwave region of
the electromagnetic spectrum, i.e. above a wavelength of 1000 micrometer, which is
why a microwave oven is able to heat up anything that contains water.)
Molecular Motions and the Greenhouse Gases H2O and CO2
2349cm-1 667cm-1
The second way in which molecules can absorb or emit infrared radiation is by changing
the amplitude at which they vibrate. Molecules ...
WAVES AS MCQ 2000 to 2017 part 02
This document contains 43 physics questions about waves, including:
1. Questions about the wavelength, frequency, and speed of various wave types like sound waves, electromagnetic waves, and water waves.
2. Questions about wave phenomena like the Doppler effect, diffraction, polarization, and stationary waves.
3. Diagrams of waves and oscilloscope traces that ask about the frequency, amplitude, or other characteristics of the waves.
What Is The Greenhouse Effect
- The document discusses the greenhouse effect and the Earth's energy budget. It explains that the Earth's surface absorbs around 48% of incoming solar radiation and that the remaining 52% is either reflected or absorbed by the atmosphere.
- It describes the three main types of atmospheric scattering - Rayleigh, Mie, and non-selective scattering - and explains that Rayleigh scattering causes the blue color of the sky and reddish-orange sunsets.
- The greenhouse effect is caused by gases like CO2, CH4, and H2O that absorb outgoing longwave radiation. Methane is an important greenhouse gas because it is 23 times more potent than CO2 and livestock are a major source.
The Earth’s Global Energy Balance Geography 3
This document discusses concepts related to the Earth's global energy balance. It defines key terms like electromagnetic radiation, insolation, sensible and latent heat transfer, and the greenhouse effect. It explains that the sun emits shortwave radiation that is absorbed by the Earth and atmosphere, increasing temperatures and generating longwave radiation emitted back to space. Gases like carbon dioxide, water vapor and clouds in the atmosphere contribute to the greenhouse effect by absorbing longwave radiation from the Earth's surface.
Characteristics of Waves
Waves transfer energy and have characteristics like amplitude, wavelength, frequency, and period. The principle of superposition means waves can interfere and add or subtract from each other. Sound waves are longitudinal waves that propagate through air and other materials. The Doppler effect causes changes in the perceived frequency of sound waves due to the motion of the source.
Ch2 structure
The document summarizes the observed structure of the atmospheric boundary layer. It describes the boundary layer as the lowest part of the troposphere directly influenced by the Earth's surface. The boundary layer typically ranges from 100m to 3km deep. It is more turbulent than the free atmosphere above due to friction and rapid dispersion of pollutants. Vertically, it consists of an interfacial layer, surface layer, mixed layer, and entrainment zone. Turbulence is generated via shear and convective instabilities driven by surface forcings. Boundary layer depth varies based on land/ocean differences and weather systems like high/low pressure regions.
GPC_3.ppt
The document discusses several key topics related to global energy balance and climate:
1. It describes the greenhouse effect and how certain gases like water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane trap heat in the lower atmosphere, warming the planet's surface.
2. It provides details on Earth's global energy budget, including that approximately 50% of solar radiation is absorbed at the surface, while 30% is reflected and 20% is absorbed by the atmosphere.
3. Seasons are explained by variations in the Earth's axial tilt and elliptical orbit around the Sun over the course of a year, causing changes in the intensity of sunlight received at different latitudes.
SEA WAVES AND SHIP RESPONSE- MECHANICS.pptx
This document discusses sea waves and ship response. It covers topics such as wave characteristics like amplitude, wavelength, frequency and speed. It explains how ocean waves are created by wind and currents. It discusses wave interference and superposition. It introduces concepts of simple harmonic motion and how ship motions like heave, roll and pitch can be modeled as harmonic oscillations. It covers the effects of resonance when the frequency of wave forcing matches the natural frequency of the ship. It also discusses how ship hull shape and fins can help reduce response to waves.
Long quiz waves
This document contains a long quiz with 20 multiple choice questions about waves and their properties. The questions cover topics like wavelength, amplitude, frequency, speed, energy transfer, types of waves including mechanical, electromagnetic, transverse and longitudinal waves. Sample questions are asked about wave speed given wavelength and frequency, energy transfer of pulses along strings, properties that waves have in common or independently, and types of waves like sound, light, water and seismic waves.
Wave properties
This document provides an overview of waves and sound. It discusses the key characteristics of waves including transverse and longitudinal waves. It also covers the nature of sound, including how it travels, how humans hear, and the Doppler effect. Additionally, it examines electromagnetic radiation and the electromagnetic spectrum, discussing the different types of electromagnetic waves like radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays.
MCAT Full length paper 4-student_copy
This document contains 60 multiple choice questions related to physics, chemistry, and biology. The questions cover topics such as mechanics, electricity and magnetism, waves, optics, atomic structure, chemical bonding, organic chemistry, biochemistry, and macromolecules. The questions are in a multiple choice format with 4 answer options labeled A through D for each question.
Chapter 02 Lecture
This chapter discusses light and matter, including key topics such as:
- Electromagnetic waves are created by accelerating charges and can transmit energy through space without a medium.
- The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays.
- Spectroscopy techniques allow analysis of spectra to identify elements and temperatures of objects.
- Atomic structure explains the formation of spectral lines through electron transitions between energy levels.
- The Doppler effect alters the perceived frequency of light based on relative motion between the source and observer.
Similar to Climatology mcq's part 1 (20)
Why Tahoe Gets So Much Wildfire Smoke and How We Can Predict It
Why Tahoe Gets So Much Wildfire Smoke and How We Can Predict It
httpwww.ces.fau.edunasamodule-2how-greenhouse-effect-
httpwww.ces.fau.edunasamodule-2how-greenhouse-effect-
More from GOPAL JI GUPTA
Bhima Basin Analysis.pptx
This document summarizes information about the Bhima Basin located in northern Karnataka, India. The Bhima Basin is exposed over an area of 5000 square kilometers and consists mainly of limestones and shales deposited around 800-900 million years ago in the Neoproterozoic Era. Mineralization has occurred in faulted areas of the basin. The lithostratigraphy includes the Shahabad limestone formation and the Rabanpalli Clastics formation, with uranium mineralization associated with phosphatic limestone along fault zones.
Manganese nodules
This document summarizes information about manganese nodules found on the deep ocean floor. Manganese nodules form over millions of years through the precipitation of manganese and iron oxides around a nucleus. In addition to manganese and iron, they contain valuable metals like nickel, copper, and cobalt. Two main theories explain their formation: hydrogenous precipitation from seawater or diagenetic remobilization from sediments. India has a program to explore extracting polymetallic nodules from its allocated area in the Central Indian Ocean Basin to obtain metals like nickel, copper, and cobalt.
METAMORPHIC DIFFERENTIATION
This document discusses metamorphic differentiation, which refers to the redistribution of mineral grains or chemical components within a rock during metamorphism. There are two main types - segregation, which produces mineral-rich layers, and compositional layering parallel to metamorphic foliation. Gradients in chemical potential that drive differentiation are created by factors like temperature differences, pressure differences, mineral composition, mineral size, and the surrounding media. Mechanisms of differentiation include preserving original layering, transposing original bedding, solution and reprecipitation of minerals, preferential nucleation of minerals in fluids, and migmatization involving partial melting.
Geo mcq's 4
This document contains 5 multiple choice questions about geology from past entrance exams. The questions cover topics like fossil groups that are useful for biostratigraphy, the type of basin associated with transtension faults, the correct sequence of increasing coalification, an example of a metamorphic texture, and the environment where sediments show the poorest sorting. For each question, the correct answer is provided.
Geology mcq's 3
This document contains 5 multiple choice questions about geology topics like speleothems, congelifraction, cloud types, mountain belt formation, and metamorphic rock fabrics. Each question is followed by 4 possible answers and the correct answer is provided. The questions cover topics such as identifying speleothems like stalactites and stalagmites, the process associated with congelifraction, which cloud type can indicate high-level wind patterns, how Andean type mountain belts are formed, and identifying metamorphic rock fabrics containing lineation and penetrative structures.
Geo mcq's 2
This document contains a series of multiple choice questions about geology for entrance exams. The questions cover topics like the location of the 90 degree East ridge in the Indian ocean, the components that make up the lithosphere, the association of the Ring of Fire with the Pacific ocean, the minimum number of apparent dip measurements needed to obtain the true dip of a bed which is three, and the characteristics of a synformal syncline which has downward arching beds with younger rock in the core.
Geo mcq's 1
This document contains 5 multiple choice questions about geology topics like types of folds, faults, and structures related to sea floor spreading. Each question is followed by a brief answer key indicating the correct response. The questions cover concepts such as the orientation of plunging fold axes, the type of fault that results from vertical minimum stress, the location of the youngest oceanic crust, the dip of a vertical fault plane, and the name for the point separating concave and convex fold segments.
Cloud classification
The document classifies clouds based on their height and physical appearance. Clouds are identified by a prefix indicating their base height - either cirro for above 6,000m, alto for between 6,000-2,000m, or nimbo for below 2,000m. This is combined with a word describing the cloud's physical form, such as cirrus for thin wispy clouds, stratus for broad sheet-like clouds, or cumulus for puffy heap-shaped clouds. Some major cloud types identified are cirro-cirrus, alto-stratus, nimbo-cumulus, and cumulonimbus.
Plateform and sensors of remote sensing
This document discusses remote sensing platforms and sensors. There are three types of platforms based on altitude: ground-born, air-born, and space-born. Ground-born platforms include handheld devices and towers used for small areas. Air-born platforms are aircraft and balloons that can image any area. Space-born platforms are satellites that sense from space. Sensors are devices that detect energy, convert it to a signal, and provide target information. Sensors are either active, using their own energy source like radar and lidar, or passive, receiving solar or emitted energy like cameras.
Earth's positions in space
This defines summer solstice, winter solstice, autumnal equinox, vernal equinox, perihelion and aphelion position.
Click on the link to watch explanation. https://youtu.be/dRHwnRqzaYY
Atmosphere
The atmosphere is composed of gases, vapour, and particulates that surround the Earth. It is divided into four main layers:
1) The troposphere, the lowest layer where weather occurs, decreases in temperature with height up to 16km.
2) The stratosphere temperature increases up to 50km where the ozone layer is located.
3) The mesosphere temperature decreases again up to 80km.
4) The thermosphere is the outermost layer where temperature rapidly increases with altitude up to 640km and beyond.
Mica group of minerals
The document discusses the mica group of minerals, including their structure, occurrence, properties, uses, and members. The main members are phlogopite, annite, biotite, and muscovite. Micas have a monoclinic crystal structure and basal cleavage. They commonly occur in metamorphic rocks and India is a major producer. Micas are used for their dielectric, elastic, light weight, and heat conducting properties and stability at high temperatures.
Rocks
This is a general introduction on igneous, sedimentry ad metamorphic rocks . See the full vedio at - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CMx2QX7vUng
More from GOPAL JI GUPTA (13)
Recently uploaded
Bob Reedy - Nitrate in Texas Groundwater.pdf
Presented at June 6-7 Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts Business Meeting
Thornton ESPP slides UK WW Network 4_6_24.pdf
ESPP presentation to EU Waste Water Network, 4th June 2024 “EU policies driving nutrient removal and recycling
and the revised UWWTD (Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive)”
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
Evaporation step counter work. I have done a physical experiment.
(Work in progress.)
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan,kP,Pakistan
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skillsPhenomics assisted breeding in crop improvement
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
3D Particle-In-Cell (PIC) algorithm,
Plasma expansion in the dipole magnetic field.
Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE .
Austrian-Slovenian HPC Meeting 2024 – ASHPC24, Seeblickhotel Grundlsee in Austria, 10–13 June 2024
https://ashpc.eu/
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
Micronuclei test.M.sc.zoology.fisheries.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless ReproducibilityUniversity of Rennes, INSA Rennes, Inria/IRISA, CNRS
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
BREEDING METHODS FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE.pptx
Plant breeding for disease resistance is a strategy to reduce crop losses caused by disease. Plants have an innate immune system that allows them to recognize pathogens and provide resistance. However, breeding for long-lasting resistance often involves combining multiple resistance genes
Recently uploaded (20)
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
mô tả các thí nghiệm về đánh giá tác động dòng khí hóa sau đốt
mô tả các thí nghiệm về đánh giá tác động dòng khí hóa sau đốt
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
Climatology mcq's part 1
- 2. Q. 1 TERRESTRIAL RADIATION IS - a) Short wave radiation b) Long wave radiation c) Visible light d) None of the above Wien`s displacement law – It states that the wavelength Of the radiation is inversely proportional to the absolute Temperature of the emitting body.
- 3. Q. 2 WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAUSES MORE GREEN HOUSE EFFECT ? a) CO2 b) CH4 c) H2O d) BOTH 1 & 2 CO2 Absorbs long wave radiation. H2O Absorbs both short as well as long wave radiation.
- 4. Q. 3 WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS DYNAMICALLY INDUSED PRESSURE BELT ? a) Equatorial low pressure belt b) Subtropical high pressure belt c) Subpolar low pressure belt d) Polar high pressure belt • Thermally induced • Dynamically induced CORIOLIS FORCE – It is the force which deflects the direction of Surface winds. It is not a force in itself in real sence it is an effect of the Rotational moment of the earth.
- 5. Q. 4 THE TERM ATMOSPHERIC WINDOWS IS RELATED TO - a) Mountains b) Plateaus c) Planes d) Oceans
- 6. Q. 5 MATCH THE FOLLOWING - A. 1-b, 2-d, 3-a, 4-c B. 1-b, 2-c, 3-d, 4-a C. 1-d, 2-a, 3-b, 4-c D. 1-d, 2-b, 3-a, 4-c CHARACTERISTICS LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE 1. REFLECTS RADIO WAVES BACK TO EARTH a. TROPOSPHERE 2. CONTAIN MOST OF THE OZONE b. IONOSPHERE 3. TEMPERATURE FALLS WITH HEIGHT c. TROPOPAUSE 4. FALL IN TEMPERATURE STOPS d. STRATOSPHERE 1-b, 2-d, 3-a, 4-c