k

1. Climate
Factors Affecting Climate

2. Weather- refers to the day-to-day atmospheric
conditions, which include temperature,
precipitation, and humidity.
Climate- is the average weather condition
prevailing in a given area over a longer period
of time. The climate in particular area is
determined by different factors: distance from
the equator, prevailing winds, altitude, and
distance from the sea.

3. Factors Affecting Climate
1. Latitude- This is the distance from the
equator. The closer the region is to the equator,
the more energy it receives from the sun.
(hotter or high temperature climate). This also
means that regions farther from the equator
receive less light and energy (cooler or lower
temperature climate).

4. 2. Prevailing Winds- These refer to
the wind direction a particular area or
region experiences most frequently.
There are five major wind zones:
polar easterlies, westerlies, horse
latitudes, trade winds and doldrums.

5. • Polar easterlies( also called the polar Hadley
cells)- These are dry, cold winds that blow
from the high pressure areas of pollar highs
located between 60° and 90° latitude of the
northern and southern poles.
• Westerlies- These are winds that blow from
west going east in the middle latitudes
(between 30° 60°) in both northern and
southern hemisphere.

6. • Trade Winds- These are winds that blow
from east to west near the equator.
• Doldrums- These usually happen near the
equator with light ocean currents and winds.
The word doldrums was a term used by
sailors wherein ships tend to get stuck on
windless waters; it can also mean depression
or despondency.

7. 3. Altitude or height above sea level- Altitude
also affects the climate in particular region or
place. Elevated or higher places are found to
have colder temperatures than those found at
the ground level.
4. Distance from the sea- Oceans and seas
heat up and cool down longer than land. Thisn
means that places near coastal areas tend to be
cooler in summer and also in warmer or hotter
during winter than in other places of the same
altitude.

8. Wladimir Peter Koppen is best known for his
climate classification scheme. He divided the
world’s climates into five categories. The
categories are based on temperature, the
amount of precipitation, and the times the
precipitation usually occurs in a year.

9. Types of Climate
1. Tropical Climate- re found in places near or the
equator. The temperature averanges above 18°C
year round. Tropical climate has generally two
seasons- dry and wet.
2. Dry climate- involve very hot summers with
seldom rains or precipitation. This climate is
common to places or areas that are arid or
semiarid. Dry climates are commonly found in
Western North America, Australia, South America,
and many parts in Asia.

10. 3. Temperate Climate- are characterized by
moderate rainfall across the year, warm
summers, and cool winters. This climate is
common to places or regions found in the
middle latitudes.
4. Continental Climate- include variation of
temperature year round: hot summers, cold
winters, and a small amount of rainfall. Places
that experience continental climate i9ncludes
North America, Central Russia and Siberia.

11. 5. Polar Climate- This climate is characterized
by cool summers and very cold winters.
The temperature is so cold that a layer of
permanently frozen ground called permafrost
is formed underneath the layer of soil.