Climate change impacts and Viet Nam's response efforts

Presenter: Pham Van Tan
Deputy Director General
Department of Meteorology, Hydrology and Climate Change, MONRE
CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS AND
VIETNAM’S RESPONSE EFFORTS
THROUGH IMPLEMENTING THE PARIS
AGREEMENT

CONTENT
• Signs of climate change in 1958-2014
• Projected impacts of climate change to 2100
• Plan for implementing the Paris Agreement

SIGNS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN 1958-2014
• Average temperature increased 0.62oC; Number of hot days
increased remarkably by 34 days over a decade; Number of
cold nights reduced by 11 over a decade
• Total precipitation: reduced in the North (5.8 – 12.5%);
increased in the South (6.9 – 19.8%); biggest increase in
South Central Region, while largest reduction in Northern
Delta
• Extreme rainfalls: Increased remarkably in South Central
Coast and Central Highlands.
• Out-of-season rains and unusually heavy rains were more
frequent
• Droughts occurred more frequently in dry season

SIGNS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN 1958-2014
• Strong typhoons intensified;
• Number of days with drizzy rains reduced; severe cold
and harmful cold days reduced;
• El Nino/La Nina affected strongly weather and climate in
Viet Nam
• Oceanography monitoring data: average sea level rise in
all stations about 2.45mm/year; in which the increase
between 1993 – 2014 was 3.34 mm/year.
• Satellite data: in the South China Sea, the average sea
level rise about 4.05 mm/year, while the coastal zone of
Viet Nam increased 3.50 mm/year.

PREDICTIONS TO 2100
• Temperature: increases in all regions compared to 1986-2005;
increase in the North between 1.9÷4.0oC, the South increase
1.7÷3.5oC. Remarkable increase in the mean minimum temperature
and mean maximum temperature.
• Total annual rainfall increases on the national scale, most cases
between 5÷15%, highest increase > 20% in most of the Northern
Delta, Central Midlands, part of South Central Coast and Central
Highlands; rainfall in dry season in some regions reduces.
• Number of strong to super strong typhoons tends to increase; Number
of severe cold and harmful cold days reduces; Number of hot sunny
days increases, most noticeably in North Central Coast, South Central
Coast and Southern Region.
• Droughts become more severe due to increased temperature and
reduced rainfall during dry season.

SEA LEVEL RISE
• Depending on the
scenarios and the
regions, the sea level
may rise between 40
to 110 cm by the end
of the century

CURRENT CLIMATE CHANGE RELATED
POLICIES
Resolution
24/NQ/TW on
responding to
CC (2013)
Environment
Protection
Law 2014
Law on
Economical
and Efficient
Use of Energy
(2010)
Law on
Hydrology,
Meteorology
(2015)
Law on Natural
Disaster
Prevention and
Control (2013)
National Climate
Change Strategy
(2011)
Green Growth
Strategy
(2012)
Renewable
Energy
Development
Strategy (2015)
National Strategy
on Disaster
Prevention and
Control (2007)
Priority Adaptation
Projects and
Programs
Priority Mitigation
Projects and
Programs
Co-benefit
Projects and
Programs

KEY MILESTONES FROM COP21
Vietnam signed
the PA
Vietnam ratified
the PA
Adoption of the
Paris Agreement
(PA)
Plan for
Implementing
the PA approved
The PA came
into force

VIEWPOINTS
1. Implementation of the Paris Agreement (PA) must be
suitable to Vietnam’s development circumstances and the
level of international support received;
2. Needs to follow direction from Parties, Government and
inherit viewpoints, undertakings and activities for climate
change response and green growth (GG) which have been
and are being implemented, and take advantage of
opportunities presented by the PA
3. Adaptation continues to be the focus with main resources
come from the public budget, including interational
supports. Mitigation is important with resources come from
private investments, with state resources playing a
leveraging role

PLAN FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
PARIS AGREEMENT
IMPLEMENTED BY
All Ministries,
sectors, localities,
NGOs…
LEADED BY
MONRE
OVERSEEN BY
National
Committee on
Climate Change
APPROVED BY
the Prime
Minister’s on 28
Oct 2016
Phase 1 (2016-2020):
• Readiness in institutions,
policies and resources
• Continue with current CC
response activities
Phase 2 (2021-2030):
• To achieve commitments in NDC

KEY CONTENTS OF THE PLAN
Mitigation
Adaptation
Resources preparation
Establishment of
transparency system (MRV)
Institutional and policy
development
68 tasks in 5 groups with 3 levels of priorities
Number of tasks
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5
Encourage Priority Compulsory

LOSS AND DAMAGE (L&D)
Paragraph 4, Article 8 of the Paris Agreement mentions areas of
cooperation and facilitation to enhance action:
1. Early warning systems;
2. Emergency preparedness;
3. Slow onset events;
4. Events that may involve irreversible and permanent loss and damage;
5. Comprehensive risk assessment and management;
6. Risk insurance facilities, climate risk pooling and other insurance solutions;
7. Non-economic losses;
8. Resilience of communities, livelihoods and ecosystems.
• It is action no.20 in Vietnamese Plan, under obligatory contents
to 2020: Assessing the level of risks and vulnerabilities caused
by climate change, identifying adaptation needs and the needs
to address the issues in relation to L&D.

RESPONSIBILITIES FOR L&D
• Decree 36/2017/ND-CP stipulates that MONRE be the focal point for
implementing the Paris Agreement; developing and running MRV
systems for the GHG reduction and CC adaptive activities, the
contents in relation to loss and damage within the framework of the
Paris Agreement
• Decision No.1266/QD-BTNMT dated 25 May 2017 of MONRE:
assigning the DMHCC to “organise and implement the contents in
relation to loss and damage within the framework of the Paris
Agreement on Climate Change”
• Official Note No.199/TTg-QHQT dated 8 February 2017: continuing
to assign MARD to take lead in negotiating on L&D
• Other ministries, agencies and local authorities take lead, collaborate
in line with their respective functions and responsibilities in
implementing the Paris Agreement

• Signs of climate change in Viet Nam over the last years and the
projections to 2100 through the variations in temperature,
precipitation, sea level rise and extreme weather phenomena are
crystally clear and getting stronger and stronger;
• Implementing successfully the Paris Agreement on Climate Change
will be a continuation of the current CC response efforts, realising Viet
Nam’s commitments in the NDC and joining hands with the global
community to respond to CC
• CC adaptation and the issue of L&D are obligatory tasks to be
implemented in the Plan, which requires the participation and
collaboration of all ministries, agencies and local stakeholders
SUMMARY

VIEWPOINTS
1. Implementation of the Paris Agreement (PA) must be
suitable to Vietnam’s development circumstances and
the level of international support received;
2. Needs to follow direction from Parties, Government
and inherit viewpoints, undertakings and activities for
climate change response and green growth (GG)
which have been and are being implemented, and
take advantage of opportunities presented by the PA
3. Adaptation continues to be the focus with main
resources come from the public budget, including
interational supports. Mitigation is important with
resources come from private investments, with state
resources playing a leveraging role

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