This two-day workshop supported the Government of Viet Nam in building the necessary capacity to advance its National Adaptation Plan (NAP) process. The workshop closely focused on building National Adaptation Plans in the agricultural sector through multi-stakeholder collaboration, and increased knowledge and capacity on a number of topics including: prioritization of adaptation options, cost-benefit analysis, overview of the broad-based nature of climate change adaption impacts, analysis of challenges, and creation of an open discussion with key stakeholders on defining a road-map for the NAP process. The workshop was delivered using discussions and case studies to enhance interactive learning for participants, with supporting presentations by GiZ and SNV.

1. Mainstreaming Ecosystem-based
Adaptation in Viet Nam
ISPONRE/GIZ/EbA project
02nd of December 2016

2. 1) Learn about the EbA project &
Vulnerability Assessments
2) Transfer this knowledge
into your work and strategies
3) Exchange of experiences
and find potential for
continued cooperation

3. • Stakeholders recognize the importance, benefits and comparative
advantages of EbA and have capacity for the mainstreaming and
implementation
Capacity building & policy advocacy
• Vulnerability assessments, pilot measures, guidelines, monitoring
approaches and up-scaling experiences
Pilot measures & upscaling
• Mainstreaming of EbA in the legal strategic framework (e.g. land use and
development planning) and identification of financial sources
National anchorage & financing EbA
• Action-related information via national and international networks and
platforms are pre-processed and disseminated
Learning & networking
BMUB – IKI 2014 - 2018

4. Vulnerability Assessments
• Vulnerability assessments provide information about the nature
and magnitudes of impacts to a country, region, sector or
community expected from climate change
• Vulnerability help to inform decisions about adaptation activities
• Vulnerability to climate change can be assessed using knowledge
of the 3 components:

5. Vulnerability Assessment Socio-Ecological System Approach
VASES - Steps
1. Scoping the Provincial context for climate change
• Ecology, society and economy
• Identification of major climate change threats (2030; 2050 and 2100)
2. Identification and prioritisation of socio-ecological systems (SES) and key
economic assets (KEA)
3. Vulnerability Assessment for priority SESs and KEAs
• Impact Assessment & Adaptive Capacity Assessment
4. Identification of EbA and other Options
• Review most vulnerable SES and key assets
• Identify where adaptation responses needed
• Define ecosystem-based and other adaptation options
• Prioritise options & Identify synergies
T
i
m
e

6. Vulnerability Assessment in Quang Binh

7. The concept of social-ecological systems (SES) (also termed
human-environment systems) highlights that people and nature are
interconnected …
Poor HH
Poor Density

8. Ethnic Minorities Poor Households

9. Climate change
predictions

10. Floods

11. High resolution satellite pictures

12. Exposure of system to climate threat
Sensitivityofsystemtoclimate
threat
Very Low Low Medium High Very High
Very High Medium Medium High Very High Very High
High Low Medium Medium High Very High
Medium Low Medium Medium High
Very High
Low Low Low Medium Medium High
Very Low Very Low Low Low Medium High
Analysis: Impact on the System

13. Determining the Vulnerability
Impact on the system (as slide before!!!)
AdaptiveCapacity
Very Low
Inconvenience
(days)
Low
Short
disruption to
system function
(weeks)
Medium
Medium term
disruption to
system function
(months)
High
Long term
damage to
system property
or function
(years)
Very High
Loss of life,
livelihood or
system integrity
Very Low
Very limited institutional capacity
and no access to technical or
financial resources
Medium Medium High Very High Very High
Low
Limited institutional capacity and
limited access to technical and
financial resources
Low Medium Medium High Very High
Medium
Growing institutional capacity and
access to technical or financial
resources
Low Medium Medium High Very High
High
Sound institutional capacity and
good access to technical and
financial resources
Low Low Medium Medium High
Very High
Exceptional institutional capacity
and abundant access to technical
and financial resources
Very Low Low Low Medium High

14. RESULT:
All (41) Socio-Ecological Systems (SES) of Quang Binh (& Ha Tinh)

15. One Socio-Ecological System (SES) in Quang Binh
1. Ecological/Biophysical component: Coastal Sand Dunes and sandy
beaches +
2. Social component: Kinh people engaged in a combination of
commercial enterprise and small-holder activities +
3. Economic component: Shrimp aquaculture =
SES: Kinh commercial and small-holder aquaculture on coastal sandy
areas

16. An overview of Socio-Ecological Systems
(SES) in Quang Binh
Social Ecological Economic
Ethnic minority smallholders Mountains > 700 m Paddy rice (irrigated or not)
Kinh smallholders Sub-trop BL moist forest Upland rice/cassava/maize
Kinh SME commercial Hill Areas < 700 > 10 m Field crops
Kinh large scale enterprise Tropical broadleaf moist
forest Forest product gathering
State-owned enterprises Lowland Coastal < 10 m Small-holder acacia
Foreign owned enterprise River systems Commercial rubber
Coastal sandy areas Industrial fruit crops
Mud flat estuary Fish cultivation
Mangrove Forest Shrimp cultivation
Lagoon and lake Capture fishery

17. Top 10 priority SESs of out 41 SESs in Quang Binh
(ecological + social + economic system)
Rank SES Code Name of SES
1 6a Kinh smallholder coastal floodplain irrigated paddy rice cultivation
2 5b Kinh smallholder inland valley or transition paddy cultivation + tree
crops (acacia, citrus, rubber, tea) (combine with 6b)
3 PNKB 1-5 Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park (World Heritage Site)
4 SFE 5 State Forest Enterprise management of production forest in lowland
(<700m) moist evergreen broadleaf forest areas
5 9c Kinh small-holder/commercial shrimp aquaculture on sand dunes
6 9FPMB Forest Protection management Board management of coastal
protection forest on sand dunes and sandy areas
7 10a Kinh inshore capture fishermen (estuary to 6 km offshore)
8 5a Upland Ethnic minority swidden cultivation
9 5c Hilly forest commercial rubber estates
10 11a Irrigation and hydropower reservoirs and related infrastructure

18. Most important SESs in Quang Binh and their vulnerability score
SES
Importance
Rank
Name of SES
Mean
vulnerabilit
y score for
climate
factors
Vulnerabilit
y Rank
8 Upland Ethnic minority swidden cultivation 4.0 1
2 Kinh smallholder mixed paddy and tree crops 3.7 2
11 Kinh small and large scale beach tourism development 3.6 3
10 Irrigation/ hydropower reservoirs and related
infrastructure 3.6 3
1 Kinh smallholder coastal floodplain irrigated paddy
rice cultivation 3.4 5
7 Kinh inshore capture fishermen (estuary to 6 km
offshore) 3,4 5
5 Kinh small-holder/commercial shrimp aquaculture on
sand dunes 3.3 7
6 Forest PMB on coastal sand dunes and sand 3.1 8
9 Hilly forest commercial rubber estates ?? 9
3 Phong Nha-Ke Bang NP and WHS 2.7 10
4 Lowland Moist TRF State Forest Enterprise 2.7 11

19. Quang Binh, coastal Tan Hai village, Ngu Thuy Bac commune, Le Thuy district - EbA
measures
1. Near-shore SES: reclamation and improvement of coral reef to
maintain and restore fishing capture areas for fishermen
2. Coastal protection forest SES: reclamation and afforestation using
native species to prevent and mitigate impacts of droughts,
decrease negative impacts due to decreased underground water
level in coastal areas.
3. Sand-based snake-head fish aquaculture SES: Using native species
to plant around lakes to reduce water temperature, increase
shadow and shade for lakes
4. Sand-based cultivation SES: using bio-charcoal for reclamation of
sandy soil for plantation of clean vegetables for diversification of
local income sources.

20. For Quang Binh, watershed Ban village, Thuong Trach commune, Bo Trach district
1. Recovery of clean water source through sustainable management
of Khe Tum watershed broad-leaf, evergreen, limestone forest
2. Reduction of soil erosion through application of sustainable
slopping land cultivation system using swidden agricultural
ecosystems and evergreen broad-leaf forest ecosystem
3. Animal husbandry development using local animal gene source
(e.g. local chicken, local pigs, etc) sing swidden agricultural
ecosystems and evergreen broad-leaf forest ecosystem
4. Community-based forest management and sustainable collection
of NTFPs and production of added-values for NTFPs using
evergreen, broad-leaf forest, mixed timber and bamboo forest
ecosystems

21. How is EbA mainstreamed into the Climate Change Respond Action
Plan CCRAP of Quang Binh (2016 – 2020)
1. Awareness raising and capacity building for local communities in
climate change and sea level rise  including awareness raising
and capacity building for local government officials CC = building
adaptive capacity for using EbA measures;
2. Capacity building for provincial planners on how to carry out
vulnerability assessment at village level and prepare village-based
ecosystem-service mapping
3. Integrated Coastal management: development of a provincial
plan for protection and conservation of sand dune ecosystems
and protection and development of coastal forest using native
species
4. Agriculture: application of Climate Smart Agriculture, changing
crop patterns with varieties
5. Forestry: using native species for additional plantation in
commercial forest to increase resilience. Restoration and
protection of coastal mangrove forest using native species.

22. How is EbA mainstreamed into the Climate Change Respond Action
Plan of Ha Tinh
1. Restoration of coastal mangrove forest in Ha Tinh
2. Agriculture: Application of Climate Smart Agriculture, changing
crop patterns with varieties
3. Forestry: Encrichment of watershed forest in Son Tho commune,
Duc Tho district, Ha Tinh province to response to draught using eco-
system services. Resotoration of coastal mangrove forest.

23. THANK YOU for your attention!
Strategic Mainstreaming of Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA) in Viet Nam
Email: office.eba@giz.de