According to the Global Carbon Atlas, India ranks third in total greenhouse gas emissions by emitting annually around 2.6 billion tonnes (Bt) CO2eq, preceded by China (10 Bt CO2eq) and the United States (5.4 Bt CO2eq), and followed by Russia (1.7Bt) and Japan (1.2 Bt). But global negotiations on climate change often talk about emissions on a per capita basis and the emission intensity of GDP. Of these top five absolute emitters, the US has the highest per capita emissions (15.24 tonnes), followed by Russia (11.12 tonnes). India’s per capita emissions is just 1.8 tonnes, significantly lower than the world average of 4.4 tonnes per capita. But negotiators are not likely to be convinced by this argument
This document outlines the fundamental components of a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP), including its objectives, compensation and resettlement strategies, and monitoring. The key objectives of a RAP are to identify and improve or restore the livelihoods of those affected by involuntary resettlement due to a development project. It must also consider alternatives to minimize displacement. A RAP establishes compensation rates and outlines resettlement sites, income restoration activities, stakeholder engagement, and monitoring and evaluation procedures. It aims to enhance livelihoods in a sustainable manner and minimize undesirable impacts of involuntary resettlement.
The document discusses contaminant release and the subsequent fate and transport of contaminants in the environment. It describes various sources of contaminant release including industrial facilities, agricultural activities, and waste disposal sites. The main pathways of release to the environment are to air via emissions, water via discharges or runoff, and soil via leachate or improper dumping. It also outlines various fate and transport processes that contaminants may undergo depending on the environmental media they are released into, such as atmospheric transport and dispersion, transport through groundwater, or adsorption and degradation in soil.
Turbidity is a measure of the cloudiness of water caused by suspended particles. It is important to measure turbidity to monitor water treatment processes and ensure that filters and disinfection are working properly. Turbidity can be measured using a turbidity tube or electronic turbidimeter, which uses light scattering techniques to determine turbidity in NTU units. Proper turbidity measurement requires adherence to sampling procedures and instrument maintenance to obtain accurate results.
Application of water evaluation and planning (WEAP)oloofrank
This document discusses using the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) tool to model and analyze a hypothetical water management system. It describes how to create a WEAP model by defining system elements like demand sites, catchments, and reservoirs, and accounting for factors like population growth and climate change through different scenarios. The modeling process in WEAP and how it was applied to analyze unmet demand and groundwater storage under changing conditions is also summarized.
The document discusses hydraulic conductivity, which measures the ability of a material like soil or rock to transmit fluids through pores and fractures under an applied hydraulic gradient. It describes hydraulic conductivity as being important for calculating groundwater movement rates and outlines experimental and empirical methods for determining it in the field or laboratory, such as constant head tests, falling head tests, or correlations with soil properties. Hydraulic conductivity is the constant in Darcy's Law and is defined as the volume of water that will move through a porous medium per unit time under a unit hydraulic gradient through a unit area measured perpendicular to flow.
This document summarizes a student project using HEC-HMS software to model rainfall runoff. The project aims to study and simulate the rainfall runoff process, learn how to use the modeling software, prepare a draft model, and compute and model runoff. Key aspects of the model include subdividing the area into sub-basins representing different land uses like residential and cultivated areas, inputting precipitation data and metrological models, using the SCS curve number loss model to compute losses, and running a simulation to output results.
This presentation was created to teach community members in the Eola Hills Groundwater Limited Area (northwest of Salem, OR) about groundwater level measurement. Please see this webpage for more information: http://www.wrd.state.or.us/OWRD/GW/NGWN_homepage.shtml.
This document provides an overview of the rotating biological contactor (RBC) wastewater treatment process. RBC systems use disks mounted on a rotating shaft that are covered with microorganisms. As the disks rotate, wastewater flows over the surface where microorganisms consume organic matter. Key aspects of RBC systems discussed include components, media design, loadings, flow schemes, advantages like low energy use, and disadvantages like limited controls. Diagrams illustrate system configurations, load calculations, and process flow.
This document outlines the fundamental components of a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP), including its objectives, compensation and resettlement strategies, and monitoring. The key objectives of a RAP are to identify and improve or restore the livelihoods of those affected by involuntary resettlement due to a development project. It must also consider alternatives to minimize displacement. A RAP establishes compensation rates and outlines resettlement sites, income restoration activities, stakeholder engagement, and monitoring and evaluation procedures. It aims to enhance livelihoods in a sustainable manner and minimize undesirable impacts of involuntary resettlement.
The document discusses contaminant release and the subsequent fate and transport of contaminants in the environment. It describes various sources of contaminant release including industrial facilities, agricultural activities, and waste disposal sites. The main pathways of release to the environment are to air via emissions, water via discharges or runoff, and soil via leachate or improper dumping. It also outlines various fate and transport processes that contaminants may undergo depending on the environmental media they are released into, such as atmospheric transport and dispersion, transport through groundwater, or adsorption and degradation in soil.
Turbidity is a measure of the cloudiness of water caused by suspended particles. It is important to measure turbidity to monitor water treatment processes and ensure that filters and disinfection are working properly. Turbidity can be measured using a turbidity tube or electronic turbidimeter, which uses light scattering techniques to determine turbidity in NTU units. Proper turbidity measurement requires adherence to sampling procedures and instrument maintenance to obtain accurate results.
Application of water evaluation and planning (WEAP)oloofrank
This document discusses using the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) tool to model and analyze a hypothetical water management system. It describes how to create a WEAP model by defining system elements like demand sites, catchments, and reservoirs, and accounting for factors like population growth and climate change through different scenarios. The modeling process in WEAP and how it was applied to analyze unmet demand and groundwater storage under changing conditions is also summarized.
The document discusses hydraulic conductivity, which measures the ability of a material like soil or rock to transmit fluids through pores and fractures under an applied hydraulic gradient. It describes hydraulic conductivity as being important for calculating groundwater movement rates and outlines experimental and empirical methods for determining it in the field or laboratory, such as constant head tests, falling head tests, or correlations with soil properties. Hydraulic conductivity is the constant in Darcy's Law and is defined as the volume of water that will move through a porous medium per unit time under a unit hydraulic gradient through a unit area measured perpendicular to flow.
This document summarizes a student project using HEC-HMS software to model rainfall runoff. The project aims to study and simulate the rainfall runoff process, learn how to use the modeling software, prepare a draft model, and compute and model runoff. Key aspects of the model include subdividing the area into sub-basins representing different land uses like residential and cultivated areas, inputting precipitation data and metrological models, using the SCS curve number loss model to compute losses, and running a simulation to output results.
This presentation was created to teach community members in the Eola Hills Groundwater Limited Area (northwest of Salem, OR) about groundwater level measurement. Please see this webpage for more information: http://www.wrd.state.or.us/OWRD/GW/NGWN_homepage.shtml.
This document provides an overview of the rotating biological contactor (RBC) wastewater treatment process. RBC systems use disks mounted on a rotating shaft that are covered with microorganisms. As the disks rotate, wastewater flows over the surface where microorganisms consume organic matter. Key aspects of RBC systems discussed include components, media design, loadings, flow schemes, advantages like low energy use, and disadvantages like limited controls. Diagrams illustrate system configurations, load calculations, and process flow.
The document discusses conducting a water audit at a school to identify ways to reduce water usage and wastage. It provides information on the water audit process which includes measuring current water consumption from different sources, identifying issues like leaks, and developing solutions for more efficient water use. The goals are to save money, promote water conservation awareness among students, and ensure long-term sustainable water management practices.
This document discusses solid waste generation and characteristics. It defines solid waste according to EPA regulations and generally as useless or unwanted solid materials from human activities. Solid waste sources include residential, commercial, institutional, construction and demolition, municipal services, treatment plants, industrial, agricultural, and biomedical. The composition of municipal solid waste varies globally and domestically depending on factors like customs, living standards, location, and climate. On average in India, food and garden waste make up 40% of solid waste, while paper accounts for 27%. The document also provides statistics on solid waste generation and management challenges in India.
The document discusses self-purification of streams, where wastewater discharged into rivers and streams is naturally purified over distance as organic matter is broken down and dissolved oxygen levels increase. It explains that biochemical oxygen demand initially increases and dissolved oxygen decreases near discharge points, but that over distance bacterial action reduces organic matter and increases oxygen saturation. Various natural processes involved in self-purification are dilution, dispersion, sedimentation, oxidation, reduction, temperature, and sunlight.
This document outlines a pre-thesis presentation on using a sequential batch reactor (SBR) to treat dairy wastewater. It includes an introduction to SBR technology, the objectives of studying this wastewater treatment method, a proposed methodology, and a work plan. The presentation covers dairy wastewater characteristics, the phases of SBR treatment, operational parameters, expected efficiency improvements over activated sludge processes, advantages and limitations of SBR, and conclusions from the literature review.
This document introduces integrated water resources management (IWRM). It discusses the global water crisis, including that over 2 billion people suffer water shortages and 1.1 billion lack access to safe drinking water. IWRM is presented as a framework that takes a holistic, cross-sectoral approach to managing water resources at the river basin level through participatory decision-making. The key elements of IWRM include considering the interdependency between different water uses, treating water as both an economic and social good, and establishing decentralized management structures that rely on economic instruments and stakeholder participation. Adopting a water management framework based on IWRM principles can help analyze policies, guide water allocation decisions, and facilitate consideration of relationships
Real time water quality monitoring system in ganga basinHydrologyWebsite
The document describes three attempts at real-time water quality monitoring of the Ganga and Yamuna rivers in India between 1992-2012. The first two attempts using analyser-based systems failed after a few months due to lack of telecommunication and erratic data values. The third attempt starting in 2012 uses a sensor-based system that has been functioning for over 15 months, transmitting data via telemetry. It monitors 10 parameters at 10 locations on the two rivers. The system provides valuable data but has limitations around site selection, calibration and dropouts. Expansion of the network to more polluted stretches is envisioned.
The document summarizes a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) process for wastewater treatment. It was developed in the 1980s in Norway using plastic media to maximize treatment volume. Over 500 installations now exist worldwide. The MBBR uses floating plastic media in an aerated reactor to provide surface area for biofilm growth, combining suspended and attached growth. Wastewater flows through the aerated reactor and then to a settling tank for secondary treatment before chlorination and discharge.
Ecological Footprint assessment helps to identify what activities are having the biggest impact on nature and opens up possibilities to reduce our impact and live within the means of One Planet. It provides measurement of collective consumption of the population whether they are exceeding the Earth’s ecological limits or not. It is compared with Biocapacity which measures the amount of available bioproductive resources in ecosystem. The introduction of Ecological Footprint has been very necessary for the context of Bangladesh especially in Dhaka as the endless demand and the unplanned consumption pattern of the population here have been producing a very unsustainable situation.
It is a case study on the Narmada River Valley Project, it includes impact of dams on environment, other examples, critical acclaim and facts and figures related to the NRVP, and also many more details.
Pune’s Trash Solution: A Zero Waste City (by Kunal Kumar, Municipal Commissio...NITI Aayog
This document summarizes Kunal Kumar's presentation on Pune's approach to zero waste management. Some key points:
- Pune generates around 1600 tons of solid waste per day and collects waste door-to-door using 160 trucks.
- Their integrated waste management approach focuses on segregation at source, decentralized processing, and scientific disposal.
- Best practices include integrating the informal sector, biomethanation plants, mandatory on-site disposal for new developments, and an app for citizen complaints.
- The goal is to become a zero garbage city through increasing awareness, promoting recycling and composting, and developing comprehensive centralized processing.
Hydro potential in pakistan wapda 2008zubeditufail
The document provides details about the Diamer Basha Dam Project in Pakistan. Some key points:
- The dam is located on the Indus River and will have an installed capacity of 4,500 MW.
- It will provide water storage of 6.4 million acre feet and average annual power generation of 1,800 GWh.
- Benefits include irrigation, clean energy, extending the life of Tarbela Dam, and reducing dependence on thermal power.
- The total cost is estimated at $11.3 billion and will be constructed through 5 contract lots between 2009-2018.
Stream flow representing the runoff phase of the hydrologic cycle is the most important basic data for hydrologic studies. Runoff is generated by rainstorms. Its occurrence and quantity are dependent on the characteristics of the rainfall event, i.e. intensity, duration and distribution. This module highlights about runoff components of the hydrological cycle.
Development projects like dams, mines, and national parks often displace native peoples from their homelands. This document discusses the problems caused by displacement from three types of projects - dams, mines, and national parks. Case studies of specific projects show that displaced communities frequently do not receive adequate compensation or assistance with rehabilitation. While countries have policies for resettlement, they are often not implemented effectively, leaving communities impoverished and without means of support. There is a need for comprehensive national policies that prioritize land-for-land compensation and assistance for displaced peoples to successfully integrate into new communities.
This Presentation Clarifying about potable Water analysis and their methods which i gave training on operation and maintenance team for Oman Al Ghubrah Independence Water Project (SWRO Desalination 42 MIGD)
Management of Urban Water Supply and Sewerage System
Introduction to Decentralized Sanitation Systems and Fecal Sludge Management / Faecal sludge management Value Chain
This document discusses open channel flow. It begins by defining open channel flow as flow where the surface is open to the atmosphere, with only atmospheric pressure at the surface. It then classifies open channel flows as being either artificial or natural channels. It further classifies flows as being steady or unsteady, uniform or non-uniform, laminar or turbulent, subcritical, critical, or supercritical. The document also discusses gradually varied and rapidly varied flow, and defines geometric properties of open channels such as depth, width, perimeter, and hydraulic radius. It concludes by discussing the most economical channel sections.
The document discusses biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and its importance as a measure of water quality. BOD is defined as the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic biological organisms to break down organic material in a water sample over a 5 day incubation period at 20°C. A higher BOD indicates a higher level of organic pollution. BOD is used to assess the effectiveness of wastewater treatment plants and provides an indication of overall water quality. The standard BOD test involves measuring the dissolved oxygen in a sample before and after 5 days, with the difference representing the oxygen consumed during decomposition of organic compounds.
The document discusses the impacts of large dams on the environment and climate, using the Tehri Dam in Uttarakhand, India as a case study. It summarizes that the Tehri Dam provides benefits like hydroelectric power, flood control, irrigation, and tourism, but also resulted in mass displacement of people, deforestation, and impacts on biodiversity. Mitigation efforts were undertaken for afforestation, erosion control, and protecting displaced communities and the environment.
To develop alternative Agri-Input Supply Chain ‘Factory to Farm & farm to Factory’
Reduce Supply chain, Avoid Multiple activities
Maximize Farmers Return on Investment (ROI)
Create Opportunities for Local youth as Agropreneurs
To improve the Institutional Capacities of Farmer Producer organizations and Agropreuneurs
To enhance member engagement and participation in planning, designing and provision of Agri-Business services
To make available inputs at the Franchisee “Harit Vyapar” center/s at the right time and right price
To work cohesively towards creating farmer-inclusive models of Agri-Business ServicesTo provide higher benefit to the Franchisees and farmers through advanced booking schemes and planned buying
To assist Franchisees in operating the Input stores profitably through business planning, working capital, technology, and minimum two agriculture marketing executives training
To assist in communications and publicity and enable greater impact of Franchisees activities among member farmers and the local community
Develop Crop wise Cluster
Develop Package of Practice (POP) for selected Crops
Take Franchisee on Higher Value Chain
Develop ‘Brand’ for member produce
Create Geotagging and Block chain data for each member
India is a nation of youth, based on United Nations data, India’s populationhas crossed 141 crores, there are more than 65% of population below theage of 35 presently in the country.
Agriculture provides employment to 58% workforce of India andcontributes to more than 18% of India’s GDP.
Feeding the people will never face a recession or a slowdown. Economistshave pointed out that agriculture is four times more effective than othersectors in reducing poverty. It can even be a gold mine for young entrepreneurs.
Agriculture Sector Role in Economy & Providing
EmploymentE-fasal is endeavouring to create an alternate model of "Factory to
Farm" ( input linkage) and "Farm to Factory" ( output linkage) model
wherein we are building a robust network of agro solution centers ,
called Harit Vyapar KendraThe first-time entrepreneurs in this business are fully supported by the E-FASAL team
to make their business successful. In order to enable the businessman to, facilitate to
getting licenses, give them authorisation for selling products, provide loan facility,
provide minimum two marketing executives, training is given under a systematic
program for new techniques, tools, and expertise.The Certificate Course by E-FASAL Training Institute - Karmasetu is designed to fill the
gap of practical skill requirements of the industry and students for self & job
employmentParticipants are getting placement by acquiring practical skill qualification as per market
demand.
1. Crop based PoP Technical Training
2. Personal Mentor
3. Mock Interview
4. Group Discussion
5. Real Time Projects
6. Computer Training
7. Soft skill development
8. Personality Development
9. Resume Preparation
The placement-oriented training courses are as follows-
Due to this, employment opportunities increase and the salary package becomes
according to other sectors of the market.
Opportunities with
The document discusses conducting a water audit at a school to identify ways to reduce water usage and wastage. It provides information on the water audit process which includes measuring current water consumption from different sources, identifying issues like leaks, and developing solutions for more efficient water use. The goals are to save money, promote water conservation awareness among students, and ensure long-term sustainable water management practices.
This document discusses solid waste generation and characteristics. It defines solid waste according to EPA regulations and generally as useless or unwanted solid materials from human activities. Solid waste sources include residential, commercial, institutional, construction and demolition, municipal services, treatment plants, industrial, agricultural, and biomedical. The composition of municipal solid waste varies globally and domestically depending on factors like customs, living standards, location, and climate. On average in India, food and garden waste make up 40% of solid waste, while paper accounts for 27%. The document also provides statistics on solid waste generation and management challenges in India.
The document discusses self-purification of streams, where wastewater discharged into rivers and streams is naturally purified over distance as organic matter is broken down and dissolved oxygen levels increase. It explains that biochemical oxygen demand initially increases and dissolved oxygen decreases near discharge points, but that over distance bacterial action reduces organic matter and increases oxygen saturation. Various natural processes involved in self-purification are dilution, dispersion, sedimentation, oxidation, reduction, temperature, and sunlight.
This document outlines a pre-thesis presentation on using a sequential batch reactor (SBR) to treat dairy wastewater. It includes an introduction to SBR technology, the objectives of studying this wastewater treatment method, a proposed methodology, and a work plan. The presentation covers dairy wastewater characteristics, the phases of SBR treatment, operational parameters, expected efficiency improvements over activated sludge processes, advantages and limitations of SBR, and conclusions from the literature review.
This document introduces integrated water resources management (IWRM). It discusses the global water crisis, including that over 2 billion people suffer water shortages and 1.1 billion lack access to safe drinking water. IWRM is presented as a framework that takes a holistic, cross-sectoral approach to managing water resources at the river basin level through participatory decision-making. The key elements of IWRM include considering the interdependency between different water uses, treating water as both an economic and social good, and establishing decentralized management structures that rely on economic instruments and stakeholder participation. Adopting a water management framework based on IWRM principles can help analyze policies, guide water allocation decisions, and facilitate consideration of relationships
Real time water quality monitoring system in ganga basinHydrologyWebsite
The document describes three attempts at real-time water quality monitoring of the Ganga and Yamuna rivers in India between 1992-2012. The first two attempts using analyser-based systems failed after a few months due to lack of telecommunication and erratic data values. The third attempt starting in 2012 uses a sensor-based system that has been functioning for over 15 months, transmitting data via telemetry. It monitors 10 parameters at 10 locations on the two rivers. The system provides valuable data but has limitations around site selection, calibration and dropouts. Expansion of the network to more polluted stretches is envisioned.
The document summarizes a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) process for wastewater treatment. It was developed in the 1980s in Norway using plastic media to maximize treatment volume. Over 500 installations now exist worldwide. The MBBR uses floating plastic media in an aerated reactor to provide surface area for biofilm growth, combining suspended and attached growth. Wastewater flows through the aerated reactor and then to a settling tank for secondary treatment before chlorination and discharge.
Ecological Footprint assessment helps to identify what activities are having the biggest impact on nature and opens up possibilities to reduce our impact and live within the means of One Planet. It provides measurement of collective consumption of the population whether they are exceeding the Earth’s ecological limits or not. It is compared with Biocapacity which measures the amount of available bioproductive resources in ecosystem. The introduction of Ecological Footprint has been very necessary for the context of Bangladesh especially in Dhaka as the endless demand and the unplanned consumption pattern of the population here have been producing a very unsustainable situation.
It is a case study on the Narmada River Valley Project, it includes impact of dams on environment, other examples, critical acclaim and facts and figures related to the NRVP, and also many more details.
Pune’s Trash Solution: A Zero Waste City (by Kunal Kumar, Municipal Commissio...NITI Aayog
This document summarizes Kunal Kumar's presentation on Pune's approach to zero waste management. Some key points:
- Pune generates around 1600 tons of solid waste per day and collects waste door-to-door using 160 trucks.
- Their integrated waste management approach focuses on segregation at source, decentralized processing, and scientific disposal.
- Best practices include integrating the informal sector, biomethanation plants, mandatory on-site disposal for new developments, and an app for citizen complaints.
- The goal is to become a zero garbage city through increasing awareness, promoting recycling and composting, and developing comprehensive centralized processing.
Hydro potential in pakistan wapda 2008zubeditufail
The document provides details about the Diamer Basha Dam Project in Pakistan. Some key points:
- The dam is located on the Indus River and will have an installed capacity of 4,500 MW.
- It will provide water storage of 6.4 million acre feet and average annual power generation of 1,800 GWh.
- Benefits include irrigation, clean energy, extending the life of Tarbela Dam, and reducing dependence on thermal power.
- The total cost is estimated at $11.3 billion and will be constructed through 5 contract lots between 2009-2018.
Stream flow representing the runoff phase of the hydrologic cycle is the most important basic data for hydrologic studies. Runoff is generated by rainstorms. Its occurrence and quantity are dependent on the characteristics of the rainfall event, i.e. intensity, duration and distribution. This module highlights about runoff components of the hydrological cycle.
Development projects like dams, mines, and national parks often displace native peoples from their homelands. This document discusses the problems caused by displacement from three types of projects - dams, mines, and national parks. Case studies of specific projects show that displaced communities frequently do not receive adequate compensation or assistance with rehabilitation. While countries have policies for resettlement, they are often not implemented effectively, leaving communities impoverished and without means of support. There is a need for comprehensive national policies that prioritize land-for-land compensation and assistance for displaced peoples to successfully integrate into new communities.
This Presentation Clarifying about potable Water analysis and their methods which i gave training on operation and maintenance team for Oman Al Ghubrah Independence Water Project (SWRO Desalination 42 MIGD)
Management of Urban Water Supply and Sewerage System
Introduction to Decentralized Sanitation Systems and Fecal Sludge Management / Faecal sludge management Value Chain
This document discusses open channel flow. It begins by defining open channel flow as flow where the surface is open to the atmosphere, with only atmospheric pressure at the surface. It then classifies open channel flows as being either artificial or natural channels. It further classifies flows as being steady or unsteady, uniform or non-uniform, laminar or turbulent, subcritical, critical, or supercritical. The document also discusses gradually varied and rapidly varied flow, and defines geometric properties of open channels such as depth, width, perimeter, and hydraulic radius. It concludes by discussing the most economical channel sections.
The document discusses biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and its importance as a measure of water quality. BOD is defined as the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic biological organisms to break down organic material in a water sample over a 5 day incubation period at 20°C. A higher BOD indicates a higher level of organic pollution. BOD is used to assess the effectiveness of wastewater treatment plants and provides an indication of overall water quality. The standard BOD test involves measuring the dissolved oxygen in a sample before and after 5 days, with the difference representing the oxygen consumed during decomposition of organic compounds.
The document discusses the impacts of large dams on the environment and climate, using the Tehri Dam in Uttarakhand, India as a case study. It summarizes that the Tehri Dam provides benefits like hydroelectric power, flood control, irrigation, and tourism, but also resulted in mass displacement of people, deforestation, and impacts on biodiversity. Mitigation efforts were undertaken for afforestation, erosion control, and protecting displaced communities and the environment.
To develop alternative Agri-Input Supply Chain ‘Factory to Farm & farm to Factory’
Reduce Supply chain, Avoid Multiple activities
Maximize Farmers Return on Investment (ROI)
Create Opportunities for Local youth as Agropreneurs
To improve the Institutional Capacities of Farmer Producer organizations and Agropreuneurs
To enhance member engagement and participation in planning, designing and provision of Agri-Business services
To make available inputs at the Franchisee “Harit Vyapar” center/s at the right time and right price
To work cohesively towards creating farmer-inclusive models of Agri-Business ServicesTo provide higher benefit to the Franchisees and farmers through advanced booking schemes and planned buying
To assist Franchisees in operating the Input stores profitably through business planning, working capital, technology, and minimum two agriculture marketing executives training
To assist in communications and publicity and enable greater impact of Franchisees activities among member farmers and the local community
Develop Crop wise Cluster
Develop Package of Practice (POP) for selected Crops
Take Franchisee on Higher Value Chain
Develop ‘Brand’ for member produce
Create Geotagging and Block chain data for each member
India is a nation of youth, based on United Nations data, India’s populationhas crossed 141 crores, there are more than 65% of population below theage of 35 presently in the country.
Agriculture provides employment to 58% workforce of India andcontributes to more than 18% of India’s GDP.
Feeding the people will never face a recession or a slowdown. Economistshave pointed out that agriculture is four times more effective than othersectors in reducing poverty. It can even be a gold mine for young entrepreneurs.
Agriculture Sector Role in Economy & Providing
EmploymentE-fasal is endeavouring to create an alternate model of "Factory to
Farm" ( input linkage) and "Farm to Factory" ( output linkage) model
wherein we are building a robust network of agro solution centers ,
called Harit Vyapar KendraThe first-time entrepreneurs in this business are fully supported by the E-FASAL team
to make their business successful. In order to enable the businessman to, facilitate to
getting licenses, give them authorisation for selling products, provide loan facility,
provide minimum two marketing executives, training is given under a systematic
program for new techniques, tools, and expertise.The Certificate Course by E-FASAL Training Institute - Karmasetu is designed to fill the
gap of practical skill requirements of the industry and students for self & job
employmentParticipants are getting placement by acquiring practical skill qualification as per market
demand.
1. Crop based PoP Technical Training
2. Personal Mentor
3. Mock Interview
4. Group Discussion
5. Real Time Projects
6. Computer Training
7. Soft skill development
8. Personality Development
9. Resume Preparation
The placement-oriented training courses are as follows-
Due to this, employment opportunities increase and the salary package becomes
according to other sectors of the market.
Opportunities with
E-FASAL is providing Franchise for starting agriculture input supply business. New Agriprenue, Old Shop owners and individual and FPO can take franchise from E-FASAL and started their business with Us. E-FASAL is providing training and handhold support and removing all entry barriers for stating your own business easily. Those want to know more can send email training@efasal.com or visit our website www.efasal.com or call+918770472205
+918962384952
E-FASAL is providing Franchise for starting agriculture input supply business. New Agriprenue, Old Shop owners and individual and FPO can take franchise from E-FASAL and started their business with Us. E-FASAL is providing training and handhold support and removing all entry barriers for stating your own business easily. Those want to know more can send email training@efasal.com or visit our website www.efasal.com or call+918770472205
+918962384952
Leveraging Technology for building efficient Agriculture Supply Chain .pptxDr. Ravindra Pastor
Technology in agriculture affects many areas of agriculture, such as fertilizers, pesticides, seed technology, etc. Biotechnology and genetic engineering have resulted in pest resistance and increased crop yields. Mechanization has led to efficient tilling, harvesting, and a reduction in manual labor. Irrigation methods and transportation systems have improved, processing machinery has reduced wastage, etc., and the effect is visible in all areas.
New-age technologies focus on robotics, precision agriculture, artificial intelligence, Machine Learning, blockchain technology, and more. Some technological advancements that have innovated agriculture:
This document discusses the role of Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) in diversifying crops in India. It notes that India has become a leading producer of many agricultural commodities but now faces challenges of surplus management. The government's policies aim to promote crop diversification, increase farmer incomes, and boost agricultural exports. FPOs can help small farmers gain economies of scale and better market access. The government's FPO policy aims to form 10,000 new FPOs by 2027 to improve farming practices and link farmers directly to export markets. Specific FPO clusters for commodities like oranges, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, garlic and chilies are highlighted in Madhya Pradesh as examples.
Electronics Farming Solutions Associates (E-FASAL) PVT. Ltd. is developing an e-commerce mobile application called E-fasal to help small and marginal farmers. The app will (1) create crop-based virtual farmers' groups to increase bargaining power, (2) provide customized package of practice advice and access to technical experts, and (3) allow farmers to discover, compare and purchase agro inputs by category, quality, price and other farmers' feedback. This will optimize farmers' return on investment and make the crop protection process more efficient through group buying options. E-FASAL plans to initially target progressive farmers in Madhya Pradesh through various revenue streams.
Entrepreneurship opportunities in backword forward supplychain Dr. Ravindra Pastor
This document discusses opportunities in agribusiness and supply chain management. It notes that India's agricultural sector has significant growth potential, as most of the population and workforce is involved in farming but average landholdings are small. The supply chain from farmers to consumers involves many intermediaries and lacks efficiency. Recent government initiatives aim to strengthen farmer groups, promote investment, and facilitate trade. Partnerships between startups, the private sector, and government aim to provide services to farmers, connect them to markets, and professionalize agribusiness. The CEO of the agtech startup E-FASAL outlines their goal of training 5000 agripreneurs to improve India's complex agricultural supply chain.
FPO Business Accelerator Centre- Indore
Course content for Agripreneurs Program in Agri-Business Management
The course is primarily targeted to any graduates who have basic knowledge of agriculture, though this may not be a pre-requisite. The course aims at equipping them with theoretical and practical knowledge on different aspects of agri-business including policy framework, laws, rules and regulations, business potential for an array of agri-businesses, banking interface, and a range of agri-business operations. All students would also acquire basic knowledge of important aspects of corporate and other laws, basic accounting, good communication skills, and elementary aspects of HR management as compulsory subjects. Practical training with EFASAL team at HQ and field level for all modules in every week, in which two days classes and three days practical training
E-Fasal, Launched in 2016, is an agri supply chain institution seeks to build efficient supply chains for all farm inputs, leveraging technology to reduce TAT and inefficiencies, while linking input producers and buyers in a seamless, transparent and value-driven relationship.
It aims to be a bulk buyer to the manufacturers by aggregating demand through its franchisee model named ‘Efasal Center’ or ‘Farmers’ own Shop’.
It provides the entire range of farm inputs, sourced directly from manufacturers where each centre will serve the farmers of around 20-25 adjoining villages through rural agropreneurs called Efasal Saathi.
E-Fasal, Launched in 2016, is an agri supply chain institution seeks to build efficient supply chains for all farm inputs, leveraging technology to reduce TAT and inefficiencies, while linking input producers and buyers in a seamless, transparent and value-driven relationship.
It aims to be a bulk buyer to the manufacturers by aggregating demand through its franchisee model named ‘Efasal Center’ or ‘Farmers’ own Shop’.
It provides the entire range of farm inputs, sourced directly from manufacturers where each centre will serve the farmers of around 20-25 adjoining villages through rural agropreneurs called Efasal Saathi.
he Karama Setu is an internet based social enterprise that enables sustainable livelihoods for disadvantaged laborers in urban and rural areas through connecting job seekers and job givers. No educational qualification is required to register in Karma Setu. Access to relevant employability information based on individual’s work experience. Opportunity to desired movement for employment rather than distress migration. A conducive bargaining power with the employers for a engagement deal through Karma Setu. Access to services such as identity cards, character certificates, skill certification, skill upgradation, banking facilities, insurance, logistic support etc. Access to location based employers thereby reducing undesired displacements and abrupt quitting of job The Karama Setu has a four-pronged strategy to integrate social and business impact by bridging in Skill upgradation, Skill certification, Employment and Entrepreneurship.
E-Fasal, Launched in 2016, is an agri supply chain institution seeks to build efficient supply chains for all farm inputs, leveraging technology to reduce TAT and inefficiencies, while linking input producers and buyers in a seamless, transparent and value-driven relationship.
▪ It aims to be a bulk buyer to the manufacturers by aggregating demand through its franchisee model named ‘Efasal Dukaan’ or ‘Farmers’ own Shop’.
▪ It provides the entire range of farm inputs, sourced directly from manufacturers where each centre will serve the farmers of around 20-25 adjoining villages.
KarmaSetu is a net based social enterprise which offers a robust platform to connect job seekers from unorganized sectors to the job givers . The unorganized labourer who wants to access the employment benefits from KarmaSetu simply needs to download KarmaSetu mobile app and start enjoying its services. Laborer beneficiaries may access KarmaSetu basic services free of cost. KarmaSetu connects its registered labourers with a massive network of employers from corporate sector, government sector, non government sector etc.
Simhasth 2016 was a major religious event held in Ujjain, India from April 22 to May 21, 2016. Over 5 crore pilgrims were expected to attend, with the largest crowds of over 1 crore predicted on bathing days. Extensive infrastructure and facilities were developed over years of planning to ensure security, cleanliness, and services for pilgrims. A comprehensive monitoring system utilized GIS, drones, CCTV, mobile apps, and web portals to track infrastructure development and respond to needs. Cultural programs also enriched the experience for those attending the important 30-day Hindu religious festival.
The document discusses issues facing small and marginal farmers in India such as decreasing landholding sizes, lack of access to markets and technology, and low crop yields. It proposes solutions like farmer producer companies that would help groups of farmers collectively farm, access inputs, finance, knowledge, and markets. Successful agriculture startups in India and other countries that are helping address challenges through technology and new business models are also highlighted.
This document outlines the Smart Village Model process used in Madhya Pradesh, India. It involves collecting village profile data through transit walks, mapping resources, identifying gaps, prioritizing needs, and developing a village convergence plan. Participatory planning exercises engage the community to understand livelihoods, resources, and develop a vision for village development through employment guarantee programs. Tools used include social mapping, seasonality analysis, surveys, and resource mapping to identify vulnerable groups and plan appropriate interventions. The process is facilitated by a core team and aims to put the needs of the poorest sections first through an inclusive, bottom-up approach.
The document provides estimates and plans for managing the large influx of pilgrims expected for the Simhastha Kumbh Mela in Ujjain in 2016. Over 5 crore pilgrims are expected, with over 1 crore anticipated on the peak bathing day. Extensive infrastructure development and management systems are outlined, including expansion of the mela area, construction of roads, ghats, utilities, and use of smart city and IT systems for crowd management, transportation, and emergency response. A budget of over Rs. 1000 crore is proposed for new infrastructure works to support the event.
1. The document outlines a plan for smart governance and a responsive, transparent district administration through improvements in various areas including human resource management, office management, communication management, implementation management, data management, grievance redressal, training management, and community feedback.
2. Key aspects of the plan include establishing an electronic attendance system, organizing cleanliness drives and disposing of unused equipment, avoiding unnecessary meetings and using technology like social media and messaging apps to improve communication, implementing GIS-based district planning, developing data collection and analysis systems, addressing grievances through various channels, assessing training needs, and gathering community feedback through methods such as citizen score cards and online forums.
The District Poverty Initiatives Project (DPIP) is a poverty alleviation project in Madhya Pradesh, India funded by the World Bank and state government. The project aims to empower the rural poor, especially women, through income generation activities and community development. Key components include forming common interest groups, developing and funding sub-projects, building capacity, and establishing village development committees and village funds. The project has led to increased incomes, creation of social capital, and influenced new state policies around livelihood promotion and convergence of programs.
3. ग्लोबल वािम
र्ं ग
ग्लोबल वािम
र्ं ग और क
ु छ नहीं बिल्क ग्रीनहाउस गैसों क
े उत्सजर्न क
े कारण सतह क
े
वातावरण का गमर् होना है, िजससे वैिश्वक वायुमंडलीय तापमान में लंबी अविध में वृिद्ध
होती है।
सतही वायु तापमान में इस तरह क
े पिरवतर्न और लंबे समय तक वषार् पर पिरणामी
प्रितक
ू ल प्रभाव को जलवायु पिरवतर्न क
े रूप में जाना जाता है।
यिद ये पैरामीटर साल-दर-साल बदलाव या चक्रीय रुझान िदखाते हैं, तो इसे जलवायु
पिरवतर्नशीलता क
े रूप में जाना जाता है।
4. जलवायु पिरवतर्न का प्रभाव
जलवायु पिरवतर्न और पिरवतर्नशीलता मनुष्य की प्रमुख िचं ता हैं।
बार-बार आने वाले सूखे और बाढ़ ने उन अरबों लोगों की आजीिवका को गंभीर रूप से
खतरे में डाल िदया है जो अपनी अिधकांश जरूरतों क
े िलए भूिम पर िनभर्र हैं।
सूखे और बाढ़, ठंड और गमीर् की लहरों, जंगल की आग, भूस्खलन आिद जैसी चरम
घटनाओं क
े कारण वैिश्वक अथर्व्यवस्था प्रितक
ू ल रूप से प्रभािवत हो रही है।
भूक
ं प, सुनामी और ज्वालामुखी िवस्फोट जैसी प्राक
ृ ितक आपदाएं,भी बदलते मौसम क
े
कारण रहीं है। जो वातावरण की रासायिनक संरचना बदले में अहम योगदान दे रही हैं।
यिद ये पैरामीटर साल-दर-साल बदलाव या चक्रीय रुझान िदखाते हैं, तो इसे जलवायु
पिरवतर्नशीलता क
े रूप में जाना जाता है।
5.
6. ग्रीन हाउस गैसों व ग्लोबल वािम
र्ं ग को मापने का फ़ामूर्ला
ग्रीन हाउस गैसों व ग्लोबल वािम
र्ं ग को मापने क
े िलये एक फ़ामूर्ला िवकिसत िकया गया है
िजसे में 27*27 घनफ
ु ट क
े गैस िपन्ड को 1 टन काबर्न डाइऑक्साइड क
े रूप में मापते हैं।
अन्य ग्रीन हाउस गैसों की गणना करने क
े िलए काबर्न डाइऑक्साइड समतुल्य (CO2e)
फ़ामूर्ला िवकिसत िकया गया है िजस में एक टन काबर्न डाइऑक्साइड का मान 1, िमथेन
का मान 25 गुना, नाइट्रस ऑक्साइड का 22,880 गुना तथा हाइड्रोफ्लोरोकाबर्न का मान
14,800 गुना होता है। ग्रीनहाउस गैसों में, CO2 प्रमुख गैस है जो ग्लोबल वािम
र्ं ग की ओर
ले जाती है क्योंिक यह लंबी तरंग िविकरण को पकड़ लेती है और इसे वापस पृथ्वी की
सतह पर छोड़ देती है।इसिलए सभी गैसों की मात्रा को काबर्न डाइऑक्साइड गैस क
े
समतुल्य फ़ामूर्ला से गणना कर मापा जाता है।
7. क्योटो प्रोटोकॉल और पेिरस समझौता
1990 क
े दशक की शुरुआत से देशों ने इस बात पर बहस की िक जलवायु पिरवतर्न का मुकाबला क
ै से
िकया जाए। इन वातार्ओं ने क्योटो प्रोटोकॉल और पेिरस समझौते सिहत कई महत्वपूणर् समझौते िकए गये ।
पेिरस समझौता जलवायु पिरवतर्न पर कानूनी रूप से बाध्यकारी अंतरराष्ट्रीय संिध है। इसे 12 िदसंबर 2015
को पेिरस में सीओपी 21 में 196 देशों द्वारा अपनाया गया जो 4 नवंबर 2016 से लागू हुआ।
इसका लक्ष्य पूवर्-औद्योिगक स्तरों की तुलना में ग्लोबल वािम
र्ं ग को 2 से नीचे, अिधमानतः 1.5 िडग्री
सेिल्सयस तक सीिमत करना है।पेिरस समझौते क
े कायार्न्वयन क
े िलए सवोर्त्तम उपलब्ध िवज्ञान क
े आधार
पर आिथ
र् क और सामािजक पिरवतर्न की आवश्यकता है।
पेिरस समझौता देशों द्वारा की जाने वाली तेजी से महत्वाकांक्षी जलवायु कारर्वाई क
े 5 साल क
े चक्र पर काम
करता है। 2020 तक, देश राष्ट्रीय स्तर पर िनधार्िरत योगदान (एनडीसी) क
े रूप में ज्ञात जलवायु कारर्वाई क
े
िलए अपनी योजनाएं प्रस्तुत करते हैं।
8. जलवायु पिरवतर्न क
े िलए कौन से देश िजम्मेदार हैं?
उत्तर इस बात पर िनभर्र करता है िक आप िकससे पूछते हैं? और आप उत्सजर्न को क
ै से मापते हैं?
ग्रीनहाउस गैस उत्सजर्न में योगदान
चीन 30%
यूएसए 16%
भारत 7%
सेक्टर वार ग्लोबल ग्रीनहाउस गैस उत्सजर्न
िबजली 25%,
पिरवहन 29%,
उद्योग 23%,
क
ृ िष 10%
िबिल्डं ग 6%
अन्य 7%
अभी 175 देश जो वैिश्वक उत्सजर्न का 60% िहस्सा उत्सजर्न कर रहे हैं, जो सालाना 27 अरब टन
जीएचजी का है।
9. काबर्न क्र
े िडट ट्रेिड
ं ग - उत्सजर्न ऑफसेट
अिधक से अिधक क
ं पिनयां अपने स्वयं क
े ग्रीनहाउस-गैस उत्सजर्न को िजतना हो सक
े कम
करक
े जलवायु पिरवतर्न को रोकने में मदद करने का संकल्प ले रही हैं। िफर भी कई
व्यवसाय पाते हैं िक वे अपने उत्सजर्न को पूरी तरह से समाप्त नहीं कर सकते हैं, या िजतनी
जल्दी हो सक
े उन्हें कम भी नहीं कर सकते हैं। यह चुनौती उन संगठनों क
े िलए िवशेष रूप
से किठन है िजनका लक्ष्य शुद्ध-शून्य उत्सजर्न प्राप्त करना है, िजसका अथर् है िक हवा से
उतनी ही ग्रीनहाउस गैस िनकालना िजतना वे इसमें डालते हैं। कई लोगों क
े िलए, काबर्न
क्र
े िडट का उपयोग उन उत्सजर्न को ऑफसेट करने क
े िलए करना होगा िजन्हें वे अन्य तरीकों
से छु टकारा नहीं पा सकते हैं। पेिरस समझौते अनुच्छेद 6 क
े िनयम पुिस्तका, यह िनधार्िरत
करते हुए िक काबर्न क्र
े िडट क
ै से होता है, इस्तेमाल और कारोबार क
ै से िकया जा सकता है।
10. स्वैिच्छक काबर्न बाजार
1.5-िडग्री लक्ष्य तक पहुँचने क
े िलए यह आवश्यक होगा िक वैिश्वक ग्रीनहाउस-गैस उत्सजर्न में
2030 तक मौजूदा स्तरों क
े 50 प्रितशत की कटौती की जाए और 2050 तक शुद्ध शून्य तक कम
िकया जाए।
मैिकन्जी संस्था क
े साथ इंस्टीट्यूट ऑफ इंटरनेशनल फाइनेंस (आईआईएफ) द्वारा प्रायोिजत
स्वैिच्छक काबर्न माक
ेर् ट्स (टीएसवीसीएम) पर टास्कफोसर् का अनुमान है िक काबर्न क्र
े िडट की मांग
2030 तक 15 गुना या उससे अिधक बढ़ सकती है। क
ु ल िमलाकर, काबर्न क्र
े िडट का बाजार 2030
में $50 िबिलयन से ऊपर हो सकता है।
क
ं पिनयां इस एजेंडे क
े साथ खुद को संरेिखत कर रही हैं। एक वषर् से भी कम समय में, शुद्ध-शून्य
प्रितज्ञा वाली क
ं पिनयां 2019 में 500 से दोगुनी होकर 2020 में 1,000 से अिधक हो गईं है। िजस से
स्वैिच्छक काबर्न बाजार में काबर्न क्र
े िडट की माँग में िनरंतर वृिद्ध हो रही है।
11. भारत में ग्रीनहाउस गैसों का उत्सजर्न
भारत में ग्रीनहाउस गैसों का उत्सजर्न -
ऊजार् क्षेत्र में 69%,
क
ृ िष एवं अनुसांिगक क्षेत्र 20%,
औद्योिगक क्षेत्र 6%,
वनों की कटाई से 1%
भूिम उपयोग में पिरवतर्न से 4%
भारत 2005 क
े स्तर से 2030 तक अपने सकल घरेलू उत्पाद की उत्सजर्न तीव्रता को 33
से 35 प्रितशत तक कम करने क
े िलए प्रितबद्ध है।
12. भारत में काबर्न क्र
े िडट व्यापार
िवश्व बैंक क
े अनुमानों क
े अनुसार, • भारत सबसे बड़े लाभािथ
र् यों में से एक क
े रूप में उभर सकता है, िजसका
क
ु ल िवश्व काबर्न व्यापार का 25 प्रितशत िहस्सा है।
भारत को काबर्न क्र
े िडट व्यापार में सबसे बड़े लाभािथ
र् यों में से एक माना जाता है, िजसका लगभग 5 अरब
डॉलर का अनुमान है।
इस में क
ृ िष सेक्टर ऐसा सेक्टर है जहां काबर्न फ़ािम
र्ं ग क
े मानक अपना कर सवार्िधक काबर्न क्र
े िडट जनरेट
िकये जा सकते हैं व खेती भारत की 1.4 अरब आबादी क
े आधे िहस्से का भरण-पोषण करती है, लेिकन
ग्रीनहाउस गैसों और प्रदूषण का भी प्रमुख योगदानकतार् है लेिकन तकनीक आधािरत पहल से भारत क
े बड़े
काबर्न उत्सजर्न को कम करने और ऑफसेट करने में मदद कर सकती है, साथ ही िकसानों को अितिरक्त आय
भी प्रदान कर सकती है और िकसानों की दक्षता में सहायता कर सकती है।
2070 तक शुद्ध-शून्य उत्सजर्न तक पहुंचने क
े िलए, भारत क
े लाखों छोटे िकसानों क
े िलए काबर्न क्र
े िडट और
अन्य काबर्न ऑफसेिट
ं ग पहल उपलब्ध होनी चािहए।
13. भारत की पांच-स्तरीय रणनीित
COP26 क
े दौरान, भारत ने जलवायु पिरवतर्न से लड़ने क
े िलए अपनी पांच-स्तरीय रणनीित की घोषणा की है। की गई
प्रितबद्धताओं में 2030 तक एक अरब टन काबर्न की कमी,
2030 तक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद की काबर्न तीव्रता को 45% तक कम करना और
2070 तक शुद्ध-शून्य उत्सजर्न का लक्ष प्राप्त करना शािमल है।
भारत GHG का दुिनया का तीसरा सबसे बड़ा उत्सजर्क है, िजसका 74% काबर्न उत्सजर्न पशुधन और खेती से मीथेन क
े कारण
होता है, और अन्य 17.5% क
ृ िष काबर्न उत्सजर्न चावल की खेती से प्राप्त होता है।
जबिक क
ृ िष को जलवायु पिरवतर्न का एक प्रमुख कारण माना जाता है, यह समाधान का एक अिभन्न अंग भी है।
जैसे हम िमट्टी को ही ले तो सही तकनीकों और प्रौद्योिगिकयों क
े साथ लागू कर, अक
े ले खेती में 1.2 िबिलयन टन काबर्न को स्टोर
करने की क्षमता है और शेष शताब्दी में औसत वािष
र् क जीएचजी उत्सजर्न का 4% ऑफसेट कर सकता है।मृदा काबर्न पृथक्करण
जलवायु-सकारात्मक क
ृ िष क
े िलए नई संभावनाओं को खोलता है जो साझा लाभ प्रदान करता है, िजसमें बढ़ी हुई िमट्टी शािमल है
जो उवर्रक क
े उपयोग को कम करती है और समग्र फसल स्वास्थ्य में सुधार करती है, िकसानों क
े लचीलापन और समृिद्ध में वृिद्ध क
े
साथ-साथ जीएचजी उत्सजर्न को कम करती है।
14. क
ृ िष से संबंिधत काबर्न क्र
े िडट िसस्टम
अब तक ज्यादातर िवकिसत अथर्व्यवस्थाओं में बड़े पैमाने पर बड़ी होिल्डं ग्स तक ही सीिमत हैं, जहां िकसानों
क
े पास सूचना स्रोतों, प्रौद्योिगकी और आवश्यक मशीनीकरण और उपकरणों तक अिधक पहुंच है।
हालांिक, िवकासशील दुिनया में प्रभाव की संभावना - छोटे एकड़ में काम करने वाले करोड़ों िकसानों की
संख्या बहुत बड़ी है। हमें पिरयोजनाओं को तेजी से बढ़ाने और स्थायी प्रथाओं का समथर्न करने क
े िलए
काबर्न क्र
े िडट की एक सरल सत्यापन प्रिक्रया िवकिसत हो रही है।
काबर्न क्र
े िडट - जलवायु-सकारात्मक पिरयोजनाओं से प्रमािणत उत्सजर्न में कमी - की स्थायी व्यावसाियक
प्रथाओं को प्रोत्सािहत करने और वैिश्वक शुद्ध-शून्य लक्ष्यों तक पहुंचने में मदद करने क
े िलए स्वैिच्छक
काबर्न बाजार, अब वैिश्वक िनगमों की रुिच को आकिष
र् त कर रहा है।
ये कायर्क्रम इन काबर्न ऑफसेट्स क
े व्यापार की महत्वाकांक्षा क
े साथ-साथ मृदा काबर्न पृथक्करण से
ऑफसेट उत्पादन का समथर्न करक
े जलवायु शमन में क
ृ िष की भूिमका को बढ़ाने की कोिशश करते हैं।
15. क
ृ िष से जीएचजी उत्सजर्न को कम करने क
े प्रयास
• शेल क
े साथ ईक
े आई एनजीर् जेवी
• इंदौर िस्थत ग्रीन क
ं सल्टेंसी ईक
े आई एनजीर् सिव
र् सेज तेल प्रमुख रॉयल डच शेल क
े साथ
एक संयुक्त उद्यम शुरू करेगी जो भारत में उद्योगों को "प्रक
ृ ित-आधािरत समाधान" प्रदान
करने क
े िलए पांच साल की अविध में $ 1.6 िबिलयन का िनवेश करेगी, इस मामले से
पिरिचत लोगों ने कहा।
• इन लोगों ने ईटी को बताया िक भारत क
े नवीकरणीय क्षेत्र में िवस्तार करने की शेल की
योजना क
े िहस्से क
े रूप में, संयुक्त उद्यम पांच वषोर्ं में 115 िमिलयन काबर्न क्र
े िडट क
े
उत्पादन का लक्ष्य रखेगा
16. पिरयोजना िवकास प्रिक्रया
• काबर्न पिरयोजना क
े िवकास में पहला कदम पिरयोजना क
े तरीकों का आकलन करना और दस्तावेज तैयार करना है िजसका उपयोग यह मूल्यांकन करने क
े िलए िकया जाएगा िक क्या
यह िकसी िवशेष ग्रीनहाउस गैस (जीएचजी) कमी कायर्क्रम या मानक क
े भीतर काबर्न अनुक्रम या उत्सजर्न में कमी गितिविध क
े रूप में योग्य है। पिरयोजना िडजाइन दस्तावेज़ उत्सजर्न
पिरमाणीकरण पद्धितयों का िववरण देता है और प्रस्तािवत पिरयोजना की लागत और लाभों का एक स्कोिपं ग दस्तावेज़ प्रदान करता है िजसमें िनम्न शािमल हैं:
• *पिरयोजना व्यवहायर्ता मूल्यांकन
• *पिरयोजना सूची
• * इन्वेंटरी िडजाइन और स्थापना
• * पिरयोजना और आधारभूत पिरदृश्य मॉडिलं ग
• * प्रारंिभक काबर्न क्र
े िडट और ऑफसेट पिरयोजना डेटा िरपोटर्
• * तृतीय-पक्ष सत्यापन और रिजस्ट्री समीक्षा
• *क्र
े िडट/ऑफसेट जारी करना
• *वािष
र् क क्र
े िडट/ऑफसेट पिरयोजना डेटा िरपोटर्
• * आविधक तृतीय-पक्ष सत्यापन और क्र
े िडट/ऑफ़सेट जारी करना
17. वीसीएस+सीसीबी पिरयोजना
पिरयोजना प्रस्तावक - भूिमकाएं और िजम्मेदािरयां
1. पिरयोजना प्रस्तावक ऐसी संस्थाएं हैं िजनक
े पास पिरयोजनाओं या कायर्क्रमों क
े िलए समग्र िनयंत्रण और िजम्मेदारी है जो पिरयोजना को िनयंित्रत और संचािलत करने क
े कानूनी अिधकार (यानी, पिरयोजना
स्वािमत्व) का प्रदशर्न कर सकते हैं।
2. एक पिरयोजना में एक पिरयोजना प्रस्तावक हो सकता है, या कई पिरयोजना प्रस्तावक हो सकते हैं जो सामूिहक रूप से िकसी पिरयोजना या कायर्क्रम क
े िलए समग्र िनयंत्रण और िजम्मेदारी रखते हैं। यिद िकसी
पिरयोजना में कई पिरयोजना प्रस्तावक हैं तो उसे एक प्राथिमक पिरयोजना प्रस्तावक नािमत करना चािहए जो वीसीएस और पिरयोजना क
े बीच संपक
र् क
े िबं दु क
े रूप में कायर् करेगा।
3. पिरयोजना प्रस्तावक सीसीबी िनयमों क
े अनुसार पिरयोजनाओं और कायर्क्रमों की स्थापना और संचालन करते हैं। वे सत्यापन और सत्यापन की सुिवधा क
े िलए पिरयोजना िववरण, िनगरानी िरपोटर् और सहायक
दस्तावेज (पिरयोजना स्वािमत्व क
े साक्ष्य, पिरयोजना गितिविधयों को िनयंित्रत करने और संचािलत करने का कानूनी अिधकार सिहत) प्रदान करने क
े िलए िजम्मेदार हैं।
4. पिरयोजना िवकासकतार् और स्थानीय समुदाय: समुदाय, गैर-सरकारी संगठन, एजेंिसयां और अन्य सीसीबी कायर्क्रम का उपयोग उन पिरयोजनाओं क
े िवकास का मागर्दशर्न करने क
े िलए करते हैं जो पयार्वरणीय
और सामुदाियक लाभों का एक सूट प्रदान करती हैं। सामािजक और पयार्वरणीय जोिखमों और अवसरों को संबोिधत करने क
े िलए प्रभावी िहतधारक जुड़ाव, सुशासन और समग्र िडजाइन सुिनिश्चत करने से एक
अिधक िटकाऊ पिरयोजना बनाने में मदद िमलती है जो कई उद्देश्यों को प्राप्त कर सकती है। प्रारंिभक चरण से, मानकों का उपयोग िकसी पिरयोजना की उच्च गुणवत्ता और संभािवत िनवेशकों और अन्य िहतधारकों
को उनकी पिरयोजना क
े कई लाभों को प्रदिश
र् त करने क
े िलए िकया जा सकता है।
5. सीसीबी कायर्क्रम क
े िनयमों और आवश्यकताओं को पूरा करने वाली पिरयोजनाओं को तरजीही िनवेश और यहां तक िक िनवेशकों या ऑफसेट खरीदारों से मूल्य प्रीिमयम िमलने की संभावना है जो बहु-मूल्य वाली
पिरयोजनाओं और सवोर्त्तम अभ्यास पिरयोजनाओं का समथर्न करते हैं। बहु-लाभ वाली पिरयोजनाएं भी िनवेशकों क
े िविवध पोटर्फोिलयो को आकिष
र् त करने की अिधक संभावना रखती हैं।
6. सीसीबी कायर्क्रम भूिम प्रबंधन पिरयोजनाओं की पहचान करता है जो स्थानीय समुदायों और जैव िविवधता क
े िलए जलवायु पिरवतर्न शमन क
े िलए शुद्ध सकारात्मक लाभ प्रदान करते हैं। जलवायु, समुदाय और
जैव िविवधता मानकों को िकसी भी भूिम प्रबंधन पिरयोजना पर लागू िकया जा सकता है, िजसमें वे पिरयोजनाएं शािमल हैं जो वनों की कटाई और वन क्षरण से ग्रीनहाउस गैस उत्सजर्न को कम करती हैं या अन्य
पािरिस्थितक तंत्र क
े क्षरण से बचाती हैं, और ऐसी पिरयोजनाएं जो काबर्न को अलग करक
े काबर्न डाइऑक्साइड को हटाती हैं (जैसे, वनों की कटाई, वनीकरण, वनीकरण, वन बहाली, क
ृ िष वािनकी और िटकाऊ
क
ृ िष) या अन्य भूिम प्रबंधन पिरयोजनाएं।
7. पिरयोजना योजना और प्रबंधन क
े सभी चरणों क
े िलए, िडजाइन से लेकर कायार्न्वयन और िनगरानी तक जलवायु, समुदाय और जैव िविवधता मानक महत्वपूणर् हैं।
18. सीसीबी कायर्क्रम क
े फायदे
1) पिरयोजना िवकासकतार् और स्थानीय समुदाय: समुदाय, गैर सरकारी संगठन, एजेंिसयां और अन्य सीसीबी कायर्क्रम का उपयोग उन पिरयोजनाओं क
े िवकास का मागर्दशर्न
करने क
े िलए करते हैं। सामािजक और पयार्वरणीय जोिखमों और अवसरों को संबोिधत करने क
े िलए प्रभावी िहतधारक जुड़ाव, सुशासन और समग्र िडजाइन सुिनिश्चत करने से
एक अिधक िटकाऊ पिरयोजना बनाने में मदद िमलती है जो कई उद्देश्यों को प्राप्त कर सकती है। प्रारंिभक चरण से, मानकों का उपयोग िकसी पिरयोजना की उच्च गुणवत्ता और
संभािवत िनवेशकों और अन्य िहतधारकों को उनकी पिरयोजना क
े कई लाभों को प्रदिश
र् त करने क
े िलए िकया जा सकता है। सीसीबी कायर्क्रम क
े िनयमों और आवश्यकताओं को
पूरा करने वाली पिरयोजनाओं को तरजीही िनवेश और यहां तक िक िनवेशकों या ऑफसेट खरीदारों से मूल्य प्रीिमयम िमलने की संभावना है जो बहु-मूल्य वाली पिरयोजनाओं
और सवोर्त्तम अभ्यास पिरयोजनाओं का समथर्न करते हैं। बहु-लाभ वाली पिरयोजनाएं भी िनवेशकों क
े िविवध पोटर्फोिलयो को आकिष
र् त करने की अिधक संभावना रखती हैं।
2) पिरयोजना िनवेशक और ऑफसेट खरीदार: िनजी क
ं पिनयां, बहुपक्षीय एजेंिसयां और काबर्न पिरयोजनाओं में िनवेश करने वाले या काबर्न क्र
े िडट प्राप्त करने वाले अन्य फ
ं ड
प्रोजेक्ट स्क्रीिनं ग क
े िलए सीसीबी कायर्क्रम का उपयोग कर सकते हैं। सीसीबी कायर्क्रम उन पिरयोजनाओं की पहचान करता है जो पयार्वरण और सामािजक प्रदशर्न कारकों को
सिक्रय रूप से संबोिधत करते हैं, िजससे पयार्वरणीय िगरावट और स्थानीय समुदायों और सरकारों क
े प्रितरोध से उत्पन्न होने वाले जलवायु लाभों क
े प्रभावी पिरयोजना
कायार्न्वयन और स्थाियत्व क
े िलए जोिखम कम होता है। इस तरह, मानक िनवेशकों और ऑफसेट खरीदारों को उच्च-गुणवत्ता वाली पिरयोजनाओं की पहचान करक
े जोिखमों को
कम करने में मदद करते हैं, िजनक
े िववाद में फ
ं सने की संभावना नहीं है। बहु-लाभ वाली पिरयोजनाएं िनवेशकों क
े िलए मूल्यवान सद्भावना और अन्य सहायक प्रितफल भी सृिजत
करती हैं। सामािजक और पयार्वरणीय लाभ और िस्थरता भी जलवायु लाभों क
े स्थाियत्व क
े जोिखमों को कम करने का एक महत्वपूणर् साधन है।
3) सरकारें: सरकारें सीसीबी कायर्क्रम का उपयोग यह सुिनिश्चत करने क
े िलए कर सकती हैं िक उनकी सीमाओं क
े भीतर पिरयोजनाएं उनक
े सतत िवकास लक्ष्यों में योगदान दें।
इसक
े अलावा, दाता सरकारें आिधकािरक िवकास सहायता (ODA) पिरयोजनाओं की पहचान करने क
े िलए मानकों का उपयोग कर सकती हैं जो कई अंतरराष्ट्रीय दाियत्वों को
क
ु शलतापूवर्क पूरा करती हैं, जैसे िक िमलेिनयम डेवलपमेंट गोल्स और जलवायु पिरवतर्न और जैिवक िविवधता पर संयुक्त राष्ट्र सम्मेलन।