The document discusses using cleft sentences to emphasize specific information by fronting it. Cleft sentences use introductory "it", "who/that", "what", or "where" clauses to highlight the emphasized information, such as the subject, object, or location. Examples are provided to show how cleft sentences can be used to emphasize different parts of sentences, including the person, thing, place, time, reason, or events. Readers are instructed to practice forming cleft sentences with exercises on specific pages.

1. CHANGE THE FOCUS
C1, EOI CARTAGENA
Isabel Bastida

2. 1. CLEFT SENTENCES
FRONTING INFORMATION TO BE EMPHASIZED.
INTRODUCTORY IT
+ who/ that
King Salman allowed women to drive in Saudi Arabia in 2017.
It was King Salman that allowed women to drive …
It was in Saudi Arabia that women were …
It was in 2017 that King Salman allowed …
Can you emphasize information from these sentences using the introductory it?
1. The Groundhog tradition is celebrated in USA on Feb 2nd
2. A true Scotsman doesn’t wear anything under his kilt.
3. In Denmark people throw cinnamon at single people.
4. Balinese women have their teeth sharpened to be more attractive.

3. 1. CLEFT SENTENCES
FRONTING INFORMATION TO BE EMPHASIZED.
THE PERSON WHO/
THAT
Martin confessed not to have tried octopus yet.
The person who/ that confessed not to have tried octopus yet was Martin.
THE (MAIN/ ONLY)
THING WHICH/ THAT
I got irritated by the noise level in India.
The thing which/ that irritated me about India was the noise level.
THE PLACE WHERE In England people wear a poppy flower in November.
The place where people wear a poppy flower is England.
THE FIRST/ LAST TIME … In 1990 the city hosted “Cartagines y Romanos” for the first time.
The first time the city hosted “Cartagineses y Romanos ” was in 1990.
THE REASON WHY Ordering a doggy a bag in the USA is OK because portions there are
gigantic.
(The reason) why ordering a doggy bag in the USA is OK is because portions
are gigantic.

4. 1. CLEFT SENTENCES
FRONTING INFORMATION TO BE EMPHASIZED.
WHAT … We should protect our traditions.
What we should do is protect our traditions.
ALL … I don’t want to be misunderstood in other cultures.
All I want is not to be misunderstoond in other cultures.
WHAT HAPPENS/ ALL
THAT HAPPENS/ THE
ONLY THING THAT
HAPPENS IS …
At a baby shower, the expecting woman is given loads of
presents.
All that happens at a baby shower is that the expecting
woman is given loads of presents.
Do exercises on page 168-169