Cálculo de h convectiva cuando tfilm es desconocida
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An electrical resistance of 100 W consists of a 2 meter long wire with a diameter of 2 mm. The document calculates the surface temperature of the wire when air at 1 atm and 20°C flows perpendicularly past it at a velocity of 3 m/s. Through multiple calculations using the wire's properties, air properties, and a heat transfer graph, the surface temperature of the wire is determined to be 84°C. Additionally, the thickness of the viscous sublayer of air controlling the heat transfer is calculated to be 0.00025 m.
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Consulta el video completo aquí: https://youtu.be/-D7HseTjFqA
Hemofilia, causas y tratamientos
El documento proporciona información sobre la hemofilia. En resumen: (1) La hemofilia es un trastorno de la coagulación causado por la deficiencia de factores de coagulación como el factor VIII o IX, (2) Esto provoca sangrados prolongados espontáneos o tras lesiones menores, y (3) El tratamiento consiste en reemplazar el factor deficiente mediante productos derivados de plasma o recombinantes para detener los sangrados y prevenir complicaciones.
Introduccion a mecanica de fluidos
1) En 1883, Osborne Reynolds demostró experimentalmente la transición entre flujo laminar y turbulento en un tubo, definiendo el número de Reynolds.
2) El número de Reynolds predice el régimen de flujo dependiendo de la velocidad del fluido, su viscosidad y diámetro del tubo.
3) El factor de fricción de Fanning y Darcy relaciona la pérdida de carga por fricción con el número de Reynolds, siendo útiles para calcular la potencia requerida en bombas.
Balance de masa
El documento describe modelos para el balance de masa más allá del modelo de la ley de Fick. Presenta ecuaciones para describir el flujo molar total de un sistema multicomponente y el flujo de cada especie química. Deriva una ecuación general que relaciona el flujo de una especie con la difusión molecular y el flujo convectivo.
Flujo laminar dentro de tubería cilíndrica
Este documento analiza el flujo laminar dentro de un tubo circular horizontal. Se obtiene el perfil de velocidad, la velocidad máxima en el centro del tubo, la velocidad media, el caudal volumétrico, el esfuerzo cortante máximo en la pared del tubo y el perfil de esfuerzo cortante. Todos estos parámetros se expresan en función de la presión, la viscosidad del fluido, y el radio del tubo.
Generación de cantidad de movimiento
Este documento describe cómo se genera el movimiento de los fluidos a través de ductos debido a diferencias de presión y gravedad. Explica que la diferencia de presión a lo largo de un ducto genera una fuerza que transfiere cantidad de movimiento al fluido. También señala que la gravedad actúa como fuerza motriz cuando hay una diferencia de nivel. Finalmente, define una ecuación general para la generación de momento debido a la diferencia de presión y la gravedad.
Ecn continuidad 2
1) El documento presenta las ecuaciones de balance de masa y movimiento para fluidos, conocidas como ecuaciones de continuidad. 2) Explica que para fluidos incompresibles y homogéneos sin generación de masa, la ecuación de continuidad se simplifica a que la divergencia de la velocidad es cero. 3) Proporciona ejemplos de aplicación de la ecuación de continuidad en diferentes coordenadas como cartesiano, cilíndrico y esférico.
Balance global de propiedades
1) El documento presenta los conceptos fundamentales de balance de masa, momento y energía para sistemas que involucran transporte molecular y convectivo. 2) Se describen las ecuaciones generales que relacionan la acumulación, generación, transporte molecular y transporte convectivo para dichos balances. 3) Finalmente, se especifican las ecuaciones correspondientes a cada tipo de balance (masa, momento, energía) en términos de las propiedades involucradas como densidad, velocidad y coeficientes de transporte.
Viscosímetro Couette
1) El documento describe el flujo angular entre dos cilindros concéntricos, conocido como flujo de Couette, que se usa para medir viscosidades. 2) Se presenta la ecuación de Navier-Stokes en coordenadas cilíndricas para este problema. 3) Tras resolver la ecuación, se obtiene una expresión para la velocidad angular en función de los parámetros del sistema, y se iguala con la ecuación que relaciona el torque aplicado con la viscosidad, para así poder determinar ésta en función de las mediciones.
Estimación de coeficientes de transporte
Historia y ecuaciones utilizadas para estimar coeficientes de transporte o para "reajustar" los coeficientes a condiciones físicas distintas de las experimentadas.
Transferencia de masa y ejemplos de geometría
Estos ejemplos permiten identificar cómo las variaciones en la geometría pueden modificar mucho nuestra resolución de problemas. La geometría es la variable más difícil de nuestra área.
Vectores y tensores para fenómenos de transporte
Este documento describe diferentes tipos de operadores matemáticos entre escalares, vectores y tensores. Define escalares como de orden 0, vectores como de orden 1 y tensores como de orden 2. Explica los diferentes tipos de productos como producto punto, producto cruz y productos con tensores. También describe conceptos como divergencia y gradiente para campos vectoriales y escalares.
Fundamentos de fenómenos de transporte para ingenieros químicos
El documento define conceptos básicos de fenómenos de transporte como presión, esfuerzo de corte, flujo y flux. Explica que la presión es la fuerza aplicada sobre una superficie dividida por el área de la superficie, y que el esfuerzo de corte es la fuerza de cizallamiento dividida por el área. Además, define flujo como una cantidad por unidad de tiempo y flux como una cantidad por unidad de tiempo y área.
Filtración, ejemplos
Este documento describe el proceso de filtración y desarrolla una ecuación para relacionar el tiempo de filtración con el volumen filtrado. La ecuación toma en cuenta factores como la permeabilidad del lecho de filtración, la concentración de sólidos, el área de filtración y la caída de presión. La ecuación se simplifica y luego se usa para analizar datos experimentales de filtración y calcular parámetros como la constante de filtración y el volumen equivalente.
Ejemplos diversos con filtros
El documento presenta los resultados de un experimento de filtración usando un filtro con una superficie de 0.0414 m2 para procesar una suspensión acuosa de BaCO3 a diferentes temperaturas y presiones. Se obtuvieron ecuaciones que relacionan el tiempo de filtración con el volumen filtrado. Estas ecuaciones se usan para calcular tiempos de filtración, velocidades de filtración y definir el ciclo óptimo de filtración para un filtro prensa con tiempo muerto de una hora para maximizar el volumen diario filtra
MF 12 Esfuerzos cortantes en fluidos y fluidos no Newtonianos
Este documento describe los modelos de fluidos newtonianos y no newtonianos, así como las ecuaciones para calcular la velocidad y caída de presión en un tubo. Explica que para fluidos que siguen la ley de potencia, el número de Reynolds generalizado depende de la consistencia del fluido, y presenta diagramas para determinar la fricción en función del número de Reynolds.
MF 11 Método Hardy Cross
I. El método Hardy-Cross se utiliza para resolver redes de tuberías mediante el balance de caudales en cada nodo.
II. Se propone una distribución inicial de caudales y se evalúa el desequilibrio en cada malla, corrigiendo los caudales de forma iterativa hasta minimizar el error.
III. En el ejemplo, se aplica el método a una red de 9 tuberías, corrigiendo los caudales 7 veces hasta alcanzar un error despreciable.
Mf 9 Proporcionalidades
Este documento presenta las ecuaciones que describen las pérdidas de carga en tuberías para diferentes regímenes de flujo. En régimen turbulento, la pérdida de carga es proporcional al caudal transportado y a la longitud de la tubería dividido entre el diámetro. En régimen laminar, la pérdida de carga también depende de la viscosidad del fluido. Se proveen ejemplos numéricos ilustrando cómo cambios en las propiedades del fluido y la geometría de la tubería afectan las pérdidas de
MF 8 Diámetro óptimo económico
Este documento describe cómo seleccionar el diámetro óptimo de una tubería para transportar un líquido a través de 350 metros con un caudal de 6 kg/s. Se calcula el diámetro óptimo considerando los costos de la tubería, energía y depreciación para encontrar el diámetro que minimice el costo total. El diámetro óptimo calculado es de 0.12 metros. Al repetir el cálculo con una nueva viscosidad de 0.5 kg/ms, el diámetro óptimo calculado es de 0.199 metros.
MF 7 Flujo de líquidos en tuberías
El documento describe los conceptos básicos de tuberías comerciales, incluyendo el diámetro nominal, espesor de la pared y diámetro interno. También cubre accesorios comunes como codos, válvulas y medidores, y cómo estos afectan el trabajo de fricción en una tubería. Finalmente, presenta ejemplos numéricos para calcular caudales y diámetros de tubería basados en la caída de presión y diferencia de altura.
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Cálculo de h convectiva cuando tfilm es desconocida
- 1. Una resistencia eléctrica de 100 W consiste en un alambre de 2 metros de longitud y 2 mm de diámetro. Determine la temperatura de la superficie del alambre cuando fluye perpendicularmente a él, aire a 1 atm y 20 °C a una velocidad de 3 m/s. v = 3 m/s Gráfico pg. 207 Holman Si T film = 30 °C; para el aire ρ = 1.17 kg/m3 ; μ = 1.85 x 10-5 ; k = 0.026 W/mK 𝑅𝑒 = 𝐷𝑣𝜌 𝜇 = . 002(3)1.17 1.85𝑥10−5 = 379 En gráfica, a este valor corresponde un Nu = 9.5 (aprox.) 𝑁𝑢 = ℎ𝐷 𝑘 = ℎ(.002) . 026 ; ∴ ℎ = 124 𝑊 𝑚2𝐾 𝑞 = ℎ𝐴∆𝑇 = 100𝑊 = 124𝜋(2)(. 002)(𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑝 − 20); ∴ 𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑝 = 84°𝐶 𝑇𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑚 = 20 + 84 2 = 52°𝐶
- 2. 2ª iteración, si T film = 52 °C; para el aire ρ = 1.09 kg/m3 ; μ = 1.965 x 10-5 ; k = 0.02735 W/mK Re = 333; se lee aproximadamente Nu = 9; 𝑁𝑢 = ℎ𝐷 𝑘 = ℎ(.002) . 02735 ; ∴ ℎ = 123 𝑊 𝑚2𝑘 𝑞 = ℎ𝐴∆𝑇 = 100𝑊 = 123𝜋(2)(. 002)(𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑝 − 20); ∴ 𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑝 = 84°𝐶 𝑇𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑚 = 20+84 2 = 52°𝐶 concluye iteración y la respuesta es Tsup = 84 °C b) Determine el espesor de la subcapa viscosa de aire que controla la transferencia de calor en el sistema 𝑞 = 100𝑊 = 2𝜋𝑘𝐿∆𝑇 𝑙𝑛 𝑟2 𝑟1 ⁄ = 2𝜋(.028)(2)(84 − 20) 𝑙𝑛 𝑟2 . 001 ⁄ r2 = .00125 m por lo tanto el espesor es de .00025 m