Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Classification of periodontal diseases /certified fixed orthodontic courses ...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable
Classification of periodontal diseases /certified fixed orthodontic courses...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable
Classification of periodontal diseases /certified fixed orthodontic courses ...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable
Classification of periodontal diseases /certified fixed orthodontic courses...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable
2017 classification of periodontal and periimpalnt diseasesPerio Files
In World Workshop 2017, American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) and European Federation of Periodontology (EFP) with expert participants updated the 1999 classification of Periodontal Diseases.
Since 1999, new evidences have emerged regarding environmental and systemic risk factors, prompting the experts to develop new classification.
Controversies in periodontics / /certified fixed orthodontic courses by India...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
2017 classification of periodontal and periimpalnt diseasesPerio Files
In World Workshop 2017, American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) and European Federation of Periodontology (EFP) with expert participants updated the 1999 classification of Periodontal Diseases.
Since 1999, new evidences have emerged regarding environmental and systemic risk factors, prompting the experts to develop new classification.
Controversies in periodontics / /certified fixed orthodontic courses by India...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Controversy in periodontics 2 / orthodontic courses by indian dental academyIndian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
In the 18th century CAROLUS LINNAEUS called Carl von Linné, revolutionized the field of natural history by introducing a formalized system of naming organisms, what we call a taxonomic nomenclature.
He divided the natural world into 3 kingdoms and used five ranks : Class, Order, Genus, Species & Variety.
FROM 1977 TO 1989, THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PERIODONTOLOGY (AAP) WENT FROM 2 MAIN PERIODONTAL DISEASE CATEGORIES TO 5.
The 1989 Classification Had It’s Short-comings Including :
Lack of a category for strictly gingival diseases
Overlap between disease categories
Difficulty in fitting certain patients into any of the existing categories.
Similarity of microbiological and host response features.
A New Periodontal Disease Classification System Was Recommended By The 1999 International Workshop For A Classification Of Periodontal Disease And Conditions.
Periodontal abscesses, combined periodontic-endodontic problems, mucogingival deformities and occlusal trauma all remain unchanged except that they have been ordered in the classification system.
NUG and NUP were combined under the category of necrotizing periodontal diseases with no changes to their definitions.
One of the most significant changes included the addition of a detailed section on gingival diseases and lesions. Another important change was the discontinuation of terms related to age of presentation and rate of progression of the diseases.
The criteria for chronic periodontitis remain similar to those used for adult periodontitis but the age-dependent terminology has been removed.
All syndromes and systemic diseases which predispose a patient to periodontal disease would be classified under the category of “PERIODONTITIS AS A MANIFESTATION OF SYSTEMIC DISEASE”
Refractory periodontitis (low plaque scores and low responsiveness to periodontal therapy) is no longer considered a specific disease.
The 1999 classification system has been approved by the AAP, is now official terminology for that organization, and will be used in accredited graduate periodontal programs and board examinations.
The Parameters of Care approved by the AAP have adopted the new classification and future publications will use it as their standard. Since many of the 1999 workshop participants were from Europe and Asia as well as North America, it is anticipated that the proposed classification will be adopted in most parts of the world.
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Infection control in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by In...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Opportunity for Dentists (BDS/MDS )to relocate to United kingdom -Register as a DENTAL HYGIENIST/ DENTAL THERAPIST without Board exams and after approval you can register in GDC as a DH/DT and start working as a DH/DT Immediately and get paid.
You can complete the whole process in 3-4 months.Salary range for DH/DT is around 2500-3500 Pounds per month.
Eligibility / requirements-
1. An International English Language Testing System (IELTS) certificate
at the appropriate level.(Within 2 yrs of application date )
2: A recent primary dental qualification that has been taught and examined in English..(Within 2 yrs of application date )
3: A recent pass in a language test for registration with a regulatory authority in a country where the first language is English.
If you are interested Please contact us for more details.
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
I –Aligners are made with FDA approved transparent thermoplastic materials using 3D scanning, 3D Printing and finally Trays with Pressure vacuum formers.
Dear Doctor,
Indian Dental Academy Now offers comprehensive online Orthodontics course.
Course includes:
1.whiteboard lecture presentations
2.Case Discussions
3.with hundreds of pictures.
4.Demo on Models
5.Demo on Patients
6. subtitles in your own language
12 months unlimited access and support @350 USD only.
For Demo please visit :www.idalectures.com/preview/
For more details visit: www.idalectures.com
Please contact us for any clarifications:
idalectures@gmail.com
indiandentalacademy@gmail.com
Thanks & Regards
Indian Dental Academy
--
Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
MATATAG CURRICULUM: ASSESSING THE READINESS OF ELEM. PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS I...NelTorrente
In this research, it concludes that while the readiness of teachers in Caloocan City to implement the MATATAG Curriculum is generally positive, targeted efforts in professional development, resource distribution, support networks, and comprehensive preparation can address the existing gaps and ensure successful curriculum implementation.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
4. There has been a debate on the diagnosis
and classification of periodontal diseases.
Diagnosis is defined as the act of
identifying a disease from its signs and
symptoms.
Classification is defined as the act or
method of distribution into groups.
www.indiandentalacadem
5. Any attempt to group the entire
constellation of periodontal diseases into
an early and widely accepted classification
system is fraught with difficulty,and
inevitably considerable controversy.
Despite the dilemma,in the past hundred
years,experts have periodically assembled
to develop a new classification system for
periodontal diseases.
www.indiandentalacadem
6. NEED FOR CLASSIFICATION
For the purpose of diagnosis,prognosis and
treatment planning.
To understand the etiology,pathology of
the diseases of the periodontium.
For logical,systemic separation and
organization of knowledge about disease.
www.indiandentalacadem
7. Facts can be filed for future references.
Helps to communicate among
clinicians,researchers,educators,students,
epidemiologists and public health workers.
www.indiandentalacadem
8. The development and evolution
of classification systems
Influenced by paradigms that reflect the
understanding the nature of periodontal
diseases during a given historical period.
Over time,thoughts that guided the
classification of periodontal diseases can
be placed into three dominant paradigms.
www.indiandentalacadem
9. The dominant paradigms in the historical
development of classification system
primarily based on
I.Clinical features of the diseases
(1870-1920)
II.The concepts of classical pathology
(1920-1970)
III.The infectious etiology of the diseases
(1970-present)
www.indiandentalacadem
10. Classification systems in the modern era
represent a blend of all three paradigms.
The ideas which are believed to be clearly
outmoded or incorrect have been
discarded.
The new paradigm rests on a foundation of
the still valid components of the older or
previous paradigms.
www.indiandentalacadem
11. The classification systems should be
viewed as dynamic works-in-progress that
need to be periodically modified based on
current thinking and new knowledge.
www.indiandentalacadem
12. The ancient medical works refer to the
various diseases of teeth & periodontium
but without using any particular
terminology.
The first specific name for periodontal
disease was introduced by Fauchard in
1723 using the term ‘SCURVY OF THE
GUMS’.
www.indiandentalacadem
13. I.CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS
PARADIGM(1870-1920)
In the late 1800&early 1900s clinicians
used case descriptions and their personal
interpretation of what they saw clinically
as the primary basis for classifying
periodontal diseases.
www.indiandentalacadem
14. In 1811-1875 John M Riggs lectured on
the treatment of periodontal disease.After
that periodontitis was called “Rigg’s
disease”.
www.indiandentalacadem
15. In 1879 C.G Davis published a paper ,he
believed that there were three distinct
forms of destructive periodontal disease:
1.Gingival recession with minimal or no
inflammation due to trauma from tooth
brushing or decreased vascular action.
2.Periodontal destruction secondary to
‘lime deposits’-the gum retires slowly and
the alveolar border deprived of nutrition,at
the point of pressure is consentaneously
absorbed.
www.indiandentalacadem
16. 3.Rigg’s disease : loss of alveolus without
loss of gum.the perceived problem was a
necrosed alveolus or death of the
periodontal membrane.
www.indiandentalacadem
17. In 1886 G.V.Black published on
classification based on their clinical
characteristics and his understanding of
their cause into five groups
1.constitutional gingivitis
2.painful form of gingivitis(NUG)
3.simple gingivitis
4.the destruction of alveolar bone slowly in
even or generalized pattern.(chronic
periodontitis)
www.indiandentalacadem
18. 5.Phagedinic periodontitis:the pattern of
alveolar bone destruction is irregular.it
may occur rapidly or slowly.
In a later publication Black replaced the
term ‘phagedinic periodontitis’ with
‘chronic suppurative pericementitis’.
www.indiandentalacadem
19. In the later part of the 19th century
periodontitis went under numerous names:
Pyorrhea alveolaris
Riggs disease
Calcic inflammation of the periodontal
membrane
Phagedinic pericementitis
The dominant term used for periodontal
disease was pyorrhea alveolaris.
www.indiandentalacadem
20. II.CLASSICAL PATHOLOGY
PARADIGM(1920-1970)
The concept emerged from the debate on
periodontal diseases by the clinical
scholars in Europe and North America
concluded -
There were two forms of periodontal
disease
1.Inflammatory (degenerative)
2.Noninflammatory(dystrophic)
www.indiandentalacadem
21. Gottileb is generally considered to be the
first author who clearly distinguished
various forms of periodontal disease.
In 1920s he classified periodontal disease
into four groups.
1.Schmutz pyorrhea:
due to accumulation of deposits on the
teeth and was characterised by
inflammation,shallow pockets, and
resorption of alveolar crest.
www.indiandentalacadem
22. 2.Alveolar atrophy or diffuse atrophy:
Non inflammatory disease exhibiting
loosening of teeth,elongation of and
wandering of teeth in individuals who were
free of caries & dental deposits,pockets are
formed in later stages
www.indiandentalacadem
23. 3.Paradental-pyorrhoe:
Irregularly distributed pockets varying
from shallow to extremely deep.this may
be started as Schmutz-pyorrhoe or diffuse
atrophy.
4.Occlusal trauma:
A form of physical overload was believed
to result in resorption of the alveolar bone
and loosening of teeth.
www.indiandentalacadem
24. Mc Call & Box in 1925 introduced a term
‘periodontitis’ to denote those
inflammatory diseases in which the
gingiva,bone & periodontal ligament are
involved.
Periodontitis was sub classified on the
basis of presumed etiologic factors into
1.simplex periodontitis:due to local
bacterial factors
2.complex periodontitis:due to systemic
etiologic factors.
www.indiandentalacadem
25. Becks (1931) made a distinction between
PARADENTITIS,a disease ‘which
originates from the gum tissue in the form
of gingivitis’ and GENUINE
PARADENTOSIS ‘which originates in the
bony alveolus,perhaps in the form of an
osteopathy’.
www.indiandentalacadem
26. Orban & Weinmann (1942) used the term
periodontosis to designate this ‘non
inflammatory disease’.
Periodontosis was considered a separate
disease entity,distinctly different from
periodontitis,which was considered as the
sequel of gingivitis of deeper periodontal
structures and therefore of a inflammatory
origin.
It is not mentioned specifically that it was
a disease entity particular to young
patients.
www.indiandentalacadem
27. Orban classified periodontal diseases
according to the “pathologic” categories of
Inflammation
Degeneration
Atrophy
Hypertrophy
Traumatism.
www.indiandentalacadem
28. *Inflammation
I.gingivitis(little or no pocket formation)
A.local-
calculus,foodimpaction,irritating restorations,drug
action etc.
B.systemic-
pregnancy,diabetes,tuberculosis,syphilis,nutritional
disorders,drug action,allergy,hereditary,idiopathic
etc.
II.periodontitis
A.simplex(secondary to gingivitis)-bone
loss,pockets,abscess can form:cases have calculus.
B.complex(secondary to periodontosis)-etiologic
factors similar to periodontitis:cases have little,if
any calculus.
www.indiandentalacadem
32. During 1950 & 1960s the importance of
dental plaque as the major etiologic factor
for periodontal diseases became more and
more evident.
The ultimate proof of association between
plaque and gingival inflammation was
shown by Loe and coworkers in their
experimental gingivitis
studies(1965,1966).
www.indiandentalacadem
33. In 1966 the workshop in periodontics
concluded the report:
‘Evidence to support the conventional concept of
periodontosis is unsubstantiated.It was the
consensus of the section that the term
periodontosis is ambiguous and it should be
eliminated from nomenclature.Nevertheless,the
committee is aware that some evidence exists to
indicate that a clinical entity different from adult
periodontitis may occur in adolescents and young
adults’.
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34. Soon after the workshop a study was
published by Butler(1969) introducing the
JUVENILE PERIODONTITIS instead of
periodontosis.
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35. III.Infection/Host response
Paradigm(1970-present)
In1876 Robert Koch published the
experimental proof of the germ theory of
disease and established the koch’s
postulates.
Miller (1890) was an early advocate of this
paradigm that would come to dominate the
field nearly a hundred years later.
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36. Harald & loe in 1965-1968 studied on
experimental gingivitis and concluded
there is a significant relationship between
plaque flora and development of gingivitis.
The next major discovery in periodontal
microbiology was the preliminary
demonstration in 1976-1977 of microbial
specificity at sites with periodontosis.
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37. This finding is coupled with demonstration
in 1977-1979 that neutrophils from
patients with juvenile periodontitis had
defective chemotactic and phagocytic
activities,marked the beginning of the
dominance of infection/host response
paradigm.
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38. In 1982 Page & Schroder defined
periodontitis as an inflammatory disease of
the periodontium characterised by the
presence of periodontal pockets and active
bone resorption with acute inflammation.
They suggested four different forms of
periodontitis.
1.prepubertal periodontitis
2.juvenile periodontitis
3.rapidly progressive periodontitis
4.adult periodontitis
5.ANUG/P
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39. In 1986 the AAP adopted the following
classification
I.Juvenile periodontitis
A.prepubertal periodontitis
B.localized juvenile periodontitis
C.generalized juvenile periodontitis
II.Adult periodontitis
III.NUG/P Necrotizing ulcerative gingivo
periodontitis.
IV.Refractory periodontitis
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40. In 1988 Jhonson et al presented a more extensive
classification to detect the groups and individuals
at high risk for periodontal disease.
I.Childhood periodontitis
II.Juvenile periodontitis
-localized,generalized
III.Post juvenile periodontitis
IV.Adult onset periodontitis
-slowly progressive
-rapidly progressive
V.periodontitis associated with systemic
diseases(diabetes,scurvy,immunodeficiencies,
immunosupressive states,blood dyscrasias)
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41. VI.Traumatic periodontitis
eg:gingival recession and loss of
attachment as a result of abrasion during
oral hygiene practice(tooth
brushing,woodsticks,charcoal,brick dust)
VII.Iatrogenic periodontitis
due to inappropriate
restorations or inappropriate
instrumentation of the gingival crevice.
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42. The next major landmark in classification
emerged from the 1989 World Work Shop
in clinical periodontics follows as:
I. Adult periodontitis
II.Early onset periodontitis
A.Prepubertal periodontitis
-localized,generalized
B. Juvenile periodontitis
-localized,generalized
C. Rapidly progressive periodontitis
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43. III. Periodontitis associated with systemic
diseases
IV.Necrotizing ulcerative Periodontitis
V.Refractory Periodontitis
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44. The short comings of 1989 classification:
1.considerable overlap in clinical
characteristics of the different disease
categories
2.Absence of gingival diseases
3.Inappropriate emphasis on age of onset of
disease and rates of progression
4.Inadequate or unclear classification criteria
5.Rapidly progressive & prepubertal
perodontitis and refractory periodontitis
were heterogenous category
6.The periodontitis categories had non
validated age dependent criteria
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45. In 1993 Ranney et al recommended the
elimination of refractory periodontitis and
periodontitis associated with systemic
diseases.he suggested to consider these in
specific context rather than treating them
as a unique category.
Ranney proposed four major categories
I. Adult periodontitis
II. Early onset periodontitis
III. Necrotizing ulcerative Periodontitis
IV.periodontal abcess
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46. In 1993 first European Work Shop on
periodontology given a statement on the
basis of the reports produced by
papapanou.
‘There is a insufficient knowledge to
separate truly different diseases (disease
heterogenicity)from differences in the
presentation/severity of the same
disease(phenotypic variation).
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48. The need for a revised classification
system for periodontal diseases was
emphasized during the 1996 World Work
Shop in periodontics.
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49. On October 30 – November 2nd 1999, the
International Work Shop for a
classification of periodontal diseases and
conditions was held and a new
classification was agreed upon.
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57. Conclusion
The classified system proposed by ‘1999
international work shop for a classification
of periodontal diseases and conditions’ has
corrected some of the problems associated
with the previous system that had been in
use since 1989.
Nevertheless the new system is far from
perfect and will need to be modified once
there are sufficient new data to justify
revisions. www.indiandentalacadem
58. Since it is probable that essentially all
dentists & periodontists in the world are
convinced that most periodontal diseases
are infections,it is unlikely that the
Infection/Host response paradigm will be
replaced in the near future.
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59. References
1.Clinical periodontology-Carranza 9th
edition.
2.Critical issues in periodontal diagnosis-
Periodontology 2000;vol 39:2005.
3.Controversies in periodontology-
Periodontology 2000;vol30:2002.
4.Classification & Epidemiology of
periodontal diseases-Periodontology
2000;vol2:1993.
5.Annals of periodontology 1999.
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