CAB4 BRANCHES OF DENTISTRY-.pdf

Roentgenology is the science of radiation,
specifically the use of both ionizing (like X-rays)
and nonionizing (like ultrasound) modalities for
the diagnosis and treatment of disease.
02

Radiology: branch of medicine that uses imaging
technology for diagnosis and treating diseases.
Radiograph: record of an image produced by
transmission of x-rays through an object.
Radiography: techniques involved in producing
various radiographic images.
03

05
NOVEMBER 8, 1895
Professor Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

06
WUERZBURG UNIVERSITY IN GERMANY
He was working with his cathode-ray
tube in the laboratory when he
noticed a glow during his experiment
that led to his discovery of x-ray.
He called unknown-ray or x-ray.

07
DECEMBER 22, 1895
Anna Bertha Ludwig, wife of
Professor Roentgen was the first
person to experience X-ray on her
body.

Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen
1.
PERSONAGES
He is the pioneer of X-ray
technology and the discovery of
X-rays in 1895. His
groundbreaking work laid the
foundation for the field of
roentgenology in dentistry.
08

09
2. Charles Edmund Kells
PERSONAGES
He is considered one of the early
pioneers of dental radiography. Kells
was the first dentist to use X-rays for
diagnostic purposes in dentistry. He
made important contributions to the
technique and application of dental
radiography.

10
3. William Herbert Rollins
PERSONAGES
He was a prominent American
dentist and radiologist who made
significant advancements in the field
of dental radiography. Rollins focused
on improving the safety and efficacy
of X-ray machines and techniques.

11
4. Howard Riley Raper
PERSONAGES
He was a leading dentist and
educator who played a crucial role in
the development and standardization
of dental radiology. Raper contributed
to the establishment of radiology
departments in dental schools and
promoted the use of X-rays for dental
diagnosis and treatment planning.

12
Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT),
intraoral radiography, panoramic radiography,
and cephalometric radiography are among the
areas of dental roentgenology, commonly
referred to as dental radiology. In dental
imaging, each branch has a unique function for
diagnosing conditions and organizing
treatments.

CONE-BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CBCT)
Utilizes a cone-shaped
beam of X-rays to create
detailed 3D images of
dental structures, offering
precise information for
complex dental procedures
such as implant placement
and orthodontic treatment
planning.

14
INTRAORAL RADIOGRAPHY
Involves X-rays taken inside the mouth to
capture detailed images of individual teeth and
surrounding structures, aiding in the detection
of dental issues like cavities and periodontal
diseases.

15
PANORAMIC RADIOGRAPHY
Provides a broad view of
the entire mouth in a
single image, helpful for
assessing overall dental
health, impacted teeth,
and jaw joint conditions.

16
CEPHALOMETRIC RADIOGRAPHY
Focuses on capturing side-view X-rays of the
head to analyze facial and jaw structures,
aiding orthodontists in treatment planning for
issues like bite abnormalities and facial
asymmetry.

17
PROCEDURES
A lead vest will be placed across the patient's lap and chest as
they sit in a chair at the dentist's office. The patient may undergo
this procedure either standing or sitting.
A dental hygienist will guide the patient through every step of
the x-ray procedure during the process.
In order to take clear images of the patient's mouth, a device
called spacers—also called x-ray film holders—is used to move
and adjust the patient's mouth.

18
The x-ray machine will briefly begin recording images of the
patient's mouth after they are positioned correctly.
While images are being taken, the patient needs to stay still.
The dentist will examine the panoramic X-ray and look for
abnormalities after the pictures have been developed.
The patient's treatment options will be discussed by the dentist if
problems are found.

TEAM
Cinco, Deigheequiel
Labtis, Jemimah Nicole
Quiñones, Hannah Grace DC.
Tan, Alpheus
Valencia, Roshane Kate

INTRODUCTION PERSONAGES
HISTORY PROCEDURES
Overview

“Periodontics deals with the diagnosis and treatment of disease and
conditions of the periodontium which includes the periodontal
ligament, alveolar bone, gingiva and cementum.” - John Mankey
Riggs
Derived from Greek words:
"peri" - around
"odons" - tooth
DEFINITION

DEFINITION
These supporting structures /
periodontium include:

Early Civilization
Evidence dating back to 5000 BC reveals instances of periodontal
disease, as seen in the Royal Library of Ashurbanipal's clay tablets
detailing early civilization treatments.
In The Hippocratic Collection, Hippocrates attributed periodontal
disease to calculus accumulation, describing it as gums detaching
from teeth with a foul odor.
Aulus Cornelius Celsus, a Roman encyclopedist, concurred, labeling
periodontal disease a disease affecting the soft parts of the mouth.
HISTORY

HISTORY
Periodontal Disease in the 1800s
The condition was referred as
Riggs' disease, named after
American dentist John Riggs,
which is characterized as a
purulent inflammation of the
dental periosteum.

HISTORY
Periodontal Disease in the 1900s
In May 1914, dentists Gillette Hayden and Grace Rogers Spalding founded
the American Academy of Oral Prophylaxis and Periodontology,
(renamed as “American Academy of Periodontology” in 1919)
high-quality manuscripts and journals focused on periodontal diseases
(e.g. Journal of Periodontology on 1930 and Journal of Periodontal
Research on 1966)
Periodontics was recognized as a dental specialty by the American
Dental Association 1947.

Periodontics in the 21st Century
community water fluoridation, which reduced caries by 30% to 50%,
dental implants for tooth replacement
Stem cell isolation for tissue reconstruction represents a cutting-edge
frontier.
HISTORY

PERSONAGES
John W. Riggs (1810-1885)
Father of Periodontology”
a dentist in Hartford who was recognized as the
first specialist in Periodontics
Gingival excision was the procedure for
periodontal surgery at the time, which Riggs
opposed. He emphasized preventative and
good dental hygiene.

Drs. Grace Rodgers Spalding & Gillette Hayden
They founded the American Academy of
Oral Prophylaxis and Periodontology in
1914, later renamed the American
Academy of Periodontology in 1919.
In 1905, they launched a wellness dentistry
private practice in Detroit, Michigan.
Elected to the American College of
Dentists in 1950 was Rogers Spalding, who
served as the journal's initial editor from
1933 until 1949.
PERSONAGES

PERSONAGES
Fermin A. Carranza
He has made significant contributions to the
field of dentistry in both basic and applied
periodontics, periodontal diseases, and
periodontal therapies. His book on
periodontics is widely read by medical
professionals and students worldwide.

PERSONAGES
Michael G. Newman
He is a senior author of Newman and Carranza's Clinical
Periodontology and Implantology, 14th edition, (Elsevier,
2023), the most widely used periodontal textbook in the world,
and senior author of Newman and Carranza's Clinical
Periodontology for the Dental Hygienist (Elsevier) and
Essentials of Clinical Periodontology (Elsevier). He is the
founding editor of the Journal of Evidence-Based Dental
Practice (Elsevier) and has published more than 200
abstracts and articles in peer-reviewed journals.

PERSONAGES
Henry H. Takei
He has contributed vastly in Periodontal
Therapy and Implant Surgery. He has
given lectures on these topics all
around the world receiving many
awards.

Oskar Weski
Radiographic and histopathologic changes in
periodontal disease
He contemplated that periodontium was
formed by cementum, gingiva, periodontal
ligament, and bone and gave it a name –
Paradentium.
PERSONAGES

PERSONAGES
Bernhard Gottlieb
He is major input to modern periodontics.
Histopathologic conceptions of tooth-supporting
structures Research and had conducted a great deal of
research on the biology, histology, and supporting
mechanisms of teeth

PROCEDURES
PERIODONTAL SCREENING
Before undergoing a procedure, the
periodontist would examine the gums to
see if there is bleeding, dental plaque
buildup, or any changes in the gums'
appearance, such as color changes and
also checks the patient’s medical and
dental history.

PROCEDURES
SCALING & ROOT
PLANING
PERIODONTAL
MAINTENANCE
Refers to a type of teeth cleaning and your
periodontist checks your gum health and
measures the pockets around your teeth.
Periodontal maintenance should be done
every three to four months.
Scaling is the removal of plaque or tartar
below the gumline and root planing helps the
gums reattach to the tooth.

PROCEDURES
ORAL PROPHYLAXIS PLAQUE CONTROL
The different techniques for this procedure to
be effective are toothbrushing, the use of
plaque-disclosing agents, dental floss and
other interdental cleaning aids, mouth rinses,
and professional treatment.
This is a cleaning procedure performed to
thoroughly clean the teeth by removing debris
and plaque. Polishing is performed after to
remove any remaining stain.

SMILE LIFT
PROCEDURES
GUM GRAFT SURGERY
This procedure can perform a smile lift as a
stand-alone procedure or may recommend it
in combination with veneers.
This procedure is done to replace the lost gum
tissue or cover the exposed tooth root using a
soft tissue.
AFTER
BEFORE
AFTER
BEFORE

TOOTH EXTRACTIONS
PROCEDURES
DENTAL BONE GRAFTS
Your periodontist can place a bone graft to
regenerate bone in an area, but your periodontist
might use some of your own bone from another area
of your mouth.
LASER TREATMENT
This treatment uses a laser-pointed
hand tool that gently removes the
tartar buildup with laser treatments,
which are less invasive and more
precise than other procedures.
Periodontists routinely extract
hard-to-remove teeth,
especially ones that have
broken off at the gum line.

FRENECTOMY
PROCEDURES
SURGICAL CROWN
LENGTHENING A frenum is a band of connective tissue that joins
one part of your body to another. We have two
types of frena: lingual and labial. Your labial
frenum connects your lip to your gums. During a
frenectomy, your periodontist makes an incision
to free the frenum so it’s not too tight.
AFTER
BEFORE
A periodontist can remove a few millimeters of
gum and bone tissue around the tooth so the
crown can fit properly.
BEFORE AFTER

MEMBERS
Navarro, Feone Gabriel
Bernales, Natasha
Jacobo, Antonette
Licbasen, Jency
Oway, Bernice

RESTORATIVE
DENTISTRY
Presented by: CAB4
Ariz, Ariane
De Guzman, Alexander Kyle
Galindo, Ma. Nicole
Moster, Samantha
Tukid, Florivel

WHAT IS RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY?
Restorative dentistry focuses on repairing or
replacing damaged or missing teeth. It includes
procedures to fix problems like cavities,
fractures, or missing teeth, including crowns,
bridges, implants, and fillings.
In order to improve function and appearance,
the aim is to improve oral health and restore
the teeth's original structure.

3000 BC - AD 750
Time practiced by barber‑surgeons or artisans
Obtained from bone and ivory
included waxes, gums, alum, honey, ground mastic, powdered
pearl, white Corelle, lead, tin, gold, amalgam, darcet,
gutta‑percha, silicate cement, resins, glass ionomer cement
(GIC), etc.
HISTORY
17th CENTURY
Introduced the first written material on dentistry “Operator
for the Teeth”.

18TH CENTURY
The greatest advances in the field of dentistry were
witnessed during this particular period.
Gold foil as one of the earliest materials available for
restoration of teeth during this time period.
During this time, cohesive gold was discovered in
1855; this discovery represented the most significant
development in dentistry.
HISTORY

19th CENTURY
By the beginning of 19th century, it was practised by
professionally minded dentists or surgeons.
HISTORY
20th CENTURY - PRESENT
With time, the knowledge of dentistry had spread mainly
to France, Germany, Italy, and England.
Physical and mechanical tests combined with fundamentals
of engineering science were applied to structure designs
and restorative materials.

PERSONAGES
Greene Vardiman Black
G.V. Black is often referred to as the
father of restorative dentistry due
to his pioneering work and
influential contributions. He
developed systematic and
standardized techniques for
restorative dentistry, including
cavity preparations and filling
materials

PERSONAGES
Pierre Fauchard
French dentist often referred to as
the "Father of Modern Dentistry,"
made significant contributions to
dental science in the 18th century,
laying the groundwork for
restorative dentistry practices.

Sub-branches of
Restoration
Direct Restoration
Indirect Restoration

Direct Restoration
Primarily used for minor damage (cavity
fillings)
Direct restorations allow for in-mouth
manufacturing and finishing, eliminating
the need for a dental laboratory.
Typically completed in a single dental
session, avoiding provisional or temporary
restorations.
Procedure Examples:
Dental Fillings
1.
Dental Bonding
2.

Indirect Restoration
For extensive damage or decay,
often involving lost teeth
Custom-made tooth
replacements or coverings
created outside the mouth and
later mounted on affected teeth.
Involve complex procedures,
requiring multiple visits.
Procedure Examples:
Inlays and Onlays
1.
Veneers
2.
Dental Bridges
3.

Dental Procedures
Composite dental fillings
Amalgam dental fillings

Composite Dental
Fillings
a type of dental restoration material
designed to repair damaged or
decayed teeth.
composed of a mixture of resin and
finely ground glass particles.
Procedure:
Preparation: The dentist will examine the
tooth and numb the area with a local
anesthetic.
Cleaning: The dentist will remove the
decayed or damaged portion of the
tooth.

Composite Dental
Fillings
Procedure:
Bonding: The dentist will apply a special
bonding agent to the tooth surface to
help the composite material adhere to
the tooth.
Layering: The composite material is
applied in layers, with each layer being
hardened using a special light.
Finishing: The dentist will shape and
polish the composite filling to fit your
bite and match the color of your natural
teeth.

Amalgam Dental
Fillings
a dental filling material used to fill
cavities caused by tooth decay.
a mixture of metals, consisting of liquid
elemental mercury and a powdered
alloy composed of silver, tin, and copper.
Procedure:
Preparation: The dentist will first examine
the tooth using local anesthesia to
ensure you are comfortable during the
procedure.
Cleaning: The dentist will remove the
decay using a drill or laser.

Amalgam Dental
Fillings
Procedure:
Placement of amalgam: The dentist will
mix the encapsulated powdered alloy
with the liquid mercury to form an
amalgam putty which will be placed
and shaped in the prepared cavity,
where it rapidly hardens into a solid
filling.
Finishing: The dentist will trim, shape,
and polish the filling to ensure it fits
perfectly with your bite.

By: Group 4
PERSPECTIVE IN DENTISTRY
Endodontics

Endodontics
The study and treatment of dental pulp
and tissues surrounding the roots of
teeth.
Involves the removal of vital or necrotic
pulp tissue from pulp chamber, and root
canal by cleaning and shaping process.
Endodontists are the dental specialist
who are specialize in this field.

Dr. Fora, A. (2023) Root Canal Treatment: Restoration of Tooth With Extensive Cavity.
Youtube.com Retreived from https://youtu.be/EEIQ6gl__2Q?si=0bkmT2jWiZ4A9sJU

BRIEF HISTORY
17th Century
Official appearance of
endodontics. Notable
advancements, developments
and research occurred, evolving
the specialization.
20th Century
Introduction of x-rays, and
anesthetics. Endodontic
treatments today are
substantially safer, practical,
and more comfortable.
19th Century
Endodontics evolved in the
concept of cleaning and filling
root canals.

Edwin Maynard- The American Dentist who performed
the first modern root canal therapy. One of the founders
of endodontics in 1838, created an endodontic
instrument by filing a watch string for root canal
operations.
Dr. Harry B. Johnston- Pursued and finished the field of
advanced dentistry in the school of dentistry located in
Atlanta. Coined the term “endodontics” in 1928,
developed a solution for filling up a pulpless tooth.
Dr. Louis I. Grossman- Graduated in the University of
Pennsylvania in the year 1923. The father of modern
endodontics, introduced the root canal therapy across
the globe.
Personages

01
02
Regenerative Endodontic-
treatment procedure designed to
to replace damaged pulp tissue
with viable tissue which restores
the normal function of the pulp-
dentin structure.
Microscopic Endodontics- is a
resource used in endodontics as
an aid in the study of pulp and
periapical pathologies; it has
allowed Endodontics to become
more accurate, less invasive and
has enabled greater chances of
success in treatment.
SUB-BRANCHES

Surgical Endodontics-
encompasses several procedures
for the treatment of teeth with a
history of failed root canal
treatment, such as root-end
surgery, crown and root
resections, surgical perforation
repair and intentional replantation.
03
04
Non-surgical- or conventional root
canal therapy is the most common
type of root canal done to protect
your natural tooth.
SUB-BRANCHES

Root Canal Treatment
This is the most well-known
endodontic procedure, used
to save teeth with inflamed
or infected pulp.
Apicoectomy
A surgical procedure used to
remove the tip of a tooth root if
it is infected or damaged and
cannot be treated through
traditional root canal methods.
Endodontic Retreatment
Retreatment involves
reopening the tooth, cleaning
and shaping the canals again,
and refilling them with a new
material.
ENDODONTICS PROCEDURES

Traumatic Dental Injuries
Any injuries to your teeth, gums,
jawbone, or soft tissues of your
mouth caused by an accident or
trauma.
Internal Bleaching
This procedure is used to lighten
discolored teeth from the inside
out, often done after root canal
treatment.
Apexification
This procedure is used for teeth
with immature roots that are
still developing.
ENDODONTICS PROCEDURES

THANK YOU!
GROUP MEMBERS:
D’cotta, Asshley Raine A.
Tandoc, Eric Christopher
Liagao, Nikki G.
Rolls, Sandy Alliah

References:
Gettleman, B., et. al., (2021, November 23). Endodontic History - American Association of
Endodontists. https://www.aae.org/specialty/endodontic-history/
Harry Buchannan Johnston Sr. - Biography. (2017, October 27). WikiTree.
https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Johnston-5956#Biography
Schrieber, B.A. (2020, june 01). Endodontics. Britannica Encylopaedia
https://www.britannica.com/science/endodontics
The History of Endodontics. (n.d.). Advanced Endodontics of Texas.
https://www.advancedendooftexas.com/dental-blog/the-history-of-
endodontics/#:~:text=A%20Brief%20Endodontics%20Timeline&text=1838%3A%20Edwin%20May
nard%20in%20Washington,still%20use%20gutta%2Dpercha%20today!
Brennan, R. (2023, April 02). What is an Endodontist?. WebMd Editorial Contributors.
https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/what-is-an-endodontist
Mituic, A. (2021, July 12). History of Endodontics. Dreamstime.com. Retrieved from
https://endodrs.com/blog/history-endodontics
Patterson Dental (2016, March 10). The 7 Steps of Endodontics. Offthecusp.com
https://www.offthecusp.com/the-7-steps-of-endodontics/

PROSTHODONTICS
Created by: ARGONZA, JAAZANIAH JAHDIEL
BASA, DANILO III
DUARTE, TRIZHA C.
MENDOZA, MIKYLA COLLADO
TOBIAS, GWEN

MEET THE TEAM
DANILO TRIZH MIKYLA GWEN
JAAZANIAH JAHDIEL

WHAT IS PROSTHODONTICS?
Prosthodontics is a branch of
dentistry that treats damaged or
missing teeth. The speciality deals
with the development and
implantation of tooth substitutes for
diseased, missing or injured teeth.

WHAT DOES A
PROSTHODONTIST DO?
Unlike general dentists,
prosthodontists specialize in repairing
natural teeth and replacing missing
teeth

WHO NEED PROSTHODONTICS?
IF YOU HAVE:
MISSING TEETH.
SEVERELY DAMAGED TEETH.
TMJ PAIN OR DYSFUNCTION.
MOUTH OR FACIAL PAIN.
COSMETIC CONCERNS.
OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA.

FOUNDING OF NATIONAL SOCIETY OF DENTURE
PROSTHETISTS (NSDP) IN 1918
EVOLUTION INTO THE ACADEMY OF
PROSTHODONTICS IN 1991
RECOGNITION AS A SPECIALTY THROUGH BOARD
TESTS IN 1947
SHORT HISTORY OF
PROSTHODONTICS

Removable
Prosthodontics:
focuses on prostheses
that are detachable,
including full and partial
dentures.
Implant Prosthodontics:
integrates dental
implants to support
artificial teeth into the
jawbone.
Fixed Prosthodontics:
involves the permanent
attaching of prosthetics,
such as crowns, bridges,
and inlays/onlays, to
natural teeth or dental
implants.
Maxillofacial
Prosthodontics:
centered on the
treatment of individuals
who have acquired or
were born with features
of the mouth or face.
SUB-BRANCHES OF
PROSTHODONTICS

PROCEDURES IN
PROSTHODONTICS
DentalCrowns DentalBridges
caps that cover teeth
that are decaying or
broken and restore
their structure and
function.
Fixed prosthetics that
attach to nearby
natural teeth or
implants to replace
missing teeth

PROCEDURES IN
PROSTHODONTICS
Dentures
DentalImplant Inlays/Onlays
prosthetic devices that
may be removed to
replace lost teeth and
surrounding tissue.
Artificial tooth roots
are surgically inserted
to support prosthetic
teeth
Indirect fillings made
outside the mouth to
restore damaged teeth
with precision.

ADVANCES IN
PROSTHODONTICS
Digital Dentistry: CAD/CAM
technology and 3D printing for
precise design and manufacturing.
Material Innovations: High-strength
ceramics and composite materials, as
well as metal-free options for
improved biocompatibility.

PERSONAGES IN
PROSTHODONTICS
PierreFauchard
He is regarded as the
"Father of Prosthodontics"
because of his inventive
work in the 18th century.

Chicchon, I. (2020, November 12). What is Prosthodontics? YouTube. Retrieved January 20, 2024, from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vEQfgOu4QvM
Cleveland Clinic. (2022, July 27). Prosthodontics: Definition, Uses & Types. Cleveland Clinic. Retrieved January 18, 2024,
from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/23904-prosthodontics
Dental Specialty Associates. (2019, April 15). The 4 Branches of Prosthodontics. Dental Specialty Associates. Retrieved
January 18, 2024, from https://www.arizonadentalspecialists.com/the-4-branches-of-prosthodontics/
Grand Lake Dental. (2020, December 21). Contributions To Dentistry - Pierre Fauchard. Grand Lake Dental. Retrieved
January 20, 2024, from https://www.grandlakedental.com/blog/2020/12/21/contributions-to-dentistry-pierre-fauchard/
History. (n.d.). Academy of Prosthodontics. Retrieved January 18, 2024, from
https://www.academyofprosthodontics.org/about/History/
Mobarak, H., Islam, A., Hossain, N., Al Mahmud, Z., Rayhan, T., Jahan Nishi, N., & Asaduzzaman Chowdhury, M. (2023,
October). Recent advances of additive manufacturing in implant fabrication – A review. The Free Dictionary. Retrieved
January 20, 2024, from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266652392300096X
Saeed, F., Muhammad, N., Khan, A. S., Sharif, F., Rahim, A., Ahmad, P., & Irfan, M. (2019, September). Prosthodontics dental
materials: From conventional to unconventional. The Free Dictionary. Retrieved January 20, 2024, from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0928493118331795
WebMD Editorial Contributors. (2023, July). What Is a Prosthodontist? Wikipedia. Retrieved January 20, 2024, from
https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/what-is-a-prosthodontist?fbclid=IwAR1MXql-
39KhweSCHW4MurMECFYn8rBqBNVtr0nP3i67BYiHKZkdSh4s3lI
What is Prosthodontics. (n.d.). European Prosthodontic Association. Retrieved January 18, 2024, from
https://www.epadental.org/patients/what-is-prosthodontics
References

THANK YOU
Thank you for watching this
presentation!

ORTHODONTICS
ORTHODONTICS
ORTHODONTICS
P R S P C T 1 C A B 4

01
DEFINITION
DEFINITION
DEFINITION

WHAT IS IT?
WHAT IS IT?
WHAT IS IT?
A branch of science and art of dentistry that
focuses on how abnormalities in the growth,
location, and alignment of the jaws and teeth affect
a person's dental health.

Both Hippocrates and Aristotle wandered around the
ideas of teeth straightening as far as 400 and 300
B.C.
Etruscans use appliances to maintain spaces and
prevent teeth from collapsing
A dental device with its documentation are found
in a cave in Rome
ANCIENT GREECE AND ROME

In 1728 Pierre Fauchard wrote a book about
straightening teeth
“Bandeau”, orthopedic tool that widens the upper palate
Etienne Bourdet gave ideas to further improve the
bandeau
First to pull bicuspids to reduce tooth crowding
18TH CENTURY
18TH CENTURY
18TH CENTURY

Defined and recognized as a separate dental specialty
In 1819 the first wire crib was used to straighten
teeth.
In 1841, "Orthodontia" was coined by Joachim Lefoulon.
Edward Maynard in 1843 used the 1st gum elastics
E.J. Tucker first used rubber bands for braces in 1850
19TH CENTURY
19TH CENTURY
19TH CENTURY

Edward Angle founded the American Society of Orthodontia
(1901). He is also the father of modern orthodontics.
The first classification system of malocclusions developed
Popular material for braces in the 60's = Gold
Before 1970, braces were wrapped around teeth but during
the mid 70's, orthodontists started adhering brackets to the
teeth. Lingual braces were also started to be used.
20TH CENTURY
20TH CENTURY
20TH CENTURY

The field of orthodontics has grown greatly because of
technological advancements.
Digital x-rays and 3D imaging already allows for better
quality and detailed look at the mouth structure.
Alternatives such as lingual braces, ceramic braces, and
Invisalign aligners are now accessible.
TODAY
TODAY
TODAY

03
PERSONAGES
PERSONAGES
PERSONAGES

Pierre Fauchard became
recognized as the founding
father of modern dentistry as a
result of his groundbreaking
book.
PIERRE FAUCHARD (1678-1761)

He is the first dentist to remove
teeth to relieve overcrowding.
Bourdet is credited with being
the first to demonstrate that
jaws expand.
ETIENNE BOURDET (1722 - 1789)

Treatise on Oral Deformities as a
Branch of Mechanical Surgery was
written by Norman William Kingsley in
1880. His book was the one of the first
to truly look into orthodontic
techniques of teeth straightening.
NORMAN WILLIAM KINGSLEY (1829-1913)

Edward Angle is an American
dentist often described as the
father of modern orthodontics. He
dedicated his life to
standardizing the teaching and
practice of orthodontics.
EDWARD ANGLE (1855-1930)

04
SUB-BRANCHES
SUB-BRANCHES
SUB-BRANCHES

Preventive Orthodontics is the
action performed to protect the
integrity of what appears to be
normal occlusion at a given time.
PREVENTIVE
PREVENTIVE
PREVENTIVE ORTHODONTICS
ORTHODONTICS
ORTHODONTICS
Procedures:
Space Maintainer
Guided Eruption Dental Headgear
Early Extraction

Interceptive orthodontics is early
treatment for kids to fix teeth and
jaw issues, preventing bigger
problems later.
INTERCEPTIVE ORTHODONTICS
Procedures:
•Space Maintenance
•Habit-breaking Appliances
•Early Phase Orthodontic Appliances

Corrective
orthodontics refers
to the dental
treatment used to
correct existing
dental misalignments.
CORRECTIVE
CORRECTIVE
CORRECTIVE
ORTHODONTICS
ORTHODONTICS
ORTHODONTICS
Procedures:
INVISALIGN
BRACES

PEDODONTICS
SCHOOL OF DENTISTRY
JANUARY 2024

01. Definition & History
TABLE
of contents
02. People Who Made a Mark
03. Challenges & Services
04. Relevance to Dentistry & Importance to Patients

PEDODONTICS
WHAT IS
PEDODONTICS?
A pedodontist, also called a
pediatric dentist, is a dentist
who specializes in children’s
dental care. They must
complete additional
education and experience
beyond their general
dentistry degree.
ETYMOLOGY OF THE
WORD PEDODONTIST
Pedodontist is a word that was
used for some time to describe
the specialty of dentistry
devoted to the treatment of
children. "Pedia-"or "pedo"
means child or children, and "-
dontist" denotes one who
studies teeth.
ROLE OF A
PEDODONTIST
A pedodontist will also
work with the child’s parent
to educate how to ensure
their child performs a
proper oral hygiene routine,
and will also discuss
treatment plans for the
future.

HISTORY
In 1909, Minnie Evangeline Jordon, a dentist, opened
the first pediatric dental practice in the US, focusing
solely on kids. Her research and experience in oral
health paved the way for recognizing the importance
of children’s dental care.

PEDODONTICS IN THE
PHILIPPINES
Since 1988, a group of pediatric dentists with expertise from the US
and Europe has been dedicated to advancing the field of pediatric
dentistry in the Philippines. Their commitment led to regular meetings
where they planned, shared ideas, and expressed their vision to
establish a training program for pediatric dentistry. In 1990, they
joined forces with general dental practitioners and medical
professionals, aiming to create a collective effort involving various
healthcare stakeholders, including policymakers, educators, parents,
and young patients, to enhance overall healthcare for children.

PEOPLE WHO
PEOPLE WHO
MADE A MARK
MADE A MARK
JOSEPH
HURLOCK
ROBERT
ROBERT
BUNON
BUNON

PEOPLE WHO
PEOPLE WHO
MADE A MARK
MADE A MARK
MINNIE
MINNIE
EVANGELINE
EVANGELINE
JORDON
JORDON
DR SAMUEL D.
HARRIS

1742 – British surgeon Joseph
Hurlock published the first book on
children’s dentistry named ‘A
Practical Treatise Upon Dentition’

Father of Pedodontics & Pedodontic Triangle
Robert Bunon, a French dentist from Lyon, is
considered the "father to pediatric
dentistry" because of his focus on
prevention and parental instructions. He
published his essay on the teeth disease,
and discussed dental problems in children
for the first time.
ROBERT BUNON
introduced serial extraction
Published "Manuel d'Odontalgie"
Established the first dental clinic
specifically for children in Paris in 1816.
Invented pediatric dental instruments

Pedodontic triangle is commonly
expressed as an equilateral triangle
signifying equal co-operation,
interaction and understanding between
child and parent; Dental and child;
Dentist and parent to promote optimal
success of child's development and oral
health care.
DENTIST
FAMILY
The 'Pedodontic Triangle' concept
introduced by Bunon

MINNIE EVANGELINE
MINNIE EVANGELINE
JORDON
JORDON
The “pioneer of pedodontics, as the first-
ever child dentist in the US, Minnie
Evangeline Jordon researched and helped
children with various teeth diseases. She
provided awareness on child oral health
and teeth developmental issues and is
regarded as the founder of Pediatric
Dentistry

DR. SAMUEL D.
DR. SAMUEL D.
HARRIS
HARRIS
Dr Samuel D. Harris started the Detroit
Pedodontics Study Club which was
renamed in 1940 to American Society of
Dentistry for Children and established the
Journal of Dentistry for Children six years
later. He served as its editor for 10 years.

PRIMARY TEETH
PRIMARY TEETH
Also known as baby teeth, milk
teeth, or deciduous teeth
Starts to emerge starting from
infancy to 2-3 years old
Most children have a total of 20
primary teeth which is replaced
by permanent teeth

FUNCTIONS OF PRIMARY TEETH
SPEECH AND LANGUAGE
DEVELOPMENT
-Teeth help children form certain sounds.
Losing teeth might result to difficulty
saying the words with letters “s,” “t,” “x,” “c,”
“z,” and other sounds.

EATING OR CHEWING
-Primary teeth help children chew their
food properly, promoting better
digestion. Thus when children have
tooth decayed or abscessed teeth it
will be hard for them to intake foods
for good nutrition and bodies properly

SERVES AS A PLACEHOLDER
-Primary teeth serve as maintainers until
permanent teeth replace them.
-The longer baby teeth are maintained,
the easier for permanent teeth to
emerge in proper alignment

ERUPTING
CHART
-The first tooth that grows is the
lower central incisor which erupts at
6-10 months followed by upper front
teeth at 11-12months
-primary tooth erupts from 6-33
months

SHEDDING
CHART
-The first tooth that shreds is the
upper and lower central incisor
which shreds at 6-7 years old
-Primary tooth shreds until 10-12
years old

Dental Cleanings
Regular cleanings are vital for
children since they consume more
sugar than adults and have poorer
oral hygiene habits.
SERVICES
SERVICES

EARLY ORTHODONTIC
EARLY ORTHODONTIC
CARE
CARE
The earlier you can detect and fix
orthodontic issues, the better! Your
child's pediatric dentist will check for
overcrowding, bite problems, and
tooth alignment problems during
routine appointments.
SERVICES
SERVICES

SERVICES
SERVICES
Fluoride Treatment
Fluoride is an essential part of
modern dentistry. When the
mineral composition of tooth
enamel weakens, cavities form.

SERVICES
SERVICES
Pulp therapy (pulpotomy) is the
treatment of infected nerves and blood
vessels in teeth. Pulp therapy generally
becomes necessary for two reasons:
either as a result of extensive tooth
decay (dental cavities) or as the result of
tooth injury.
PULP TREATMENT
PULP TREATMENT

SERVICES
SERVICES
Dental Sealants
Dental sealants are thin, plastic coatings
applied to children's teeth to stop the
development of cavities. They prevent
food debris and plaque from building up in
the natural grooves of the teeth and on
the chewing surface.

SERVICES
SERVICES
CAVITY TREATMENT
CAVITY TREATMENT
(FILLINGS)
(FILLINGS)
This increased sugar intake feeds
the bacteria that already exist in the
mouth. The bacteria then produce
an acid that eats away at the tooth
enamel, which leads to tooth decay.

RELEVANCE OF
PEDODONTICS
Pedodontics, or pediatric dentistry, is highly relevant as it
addresses the unique oral health needs of children. It plays a
crucial role in promoting early dental care, preventive
measures, and creating positive experiences to establish a
foundation for lifelong oral health. By specializing in
pedodontics, dental professionals can cater to the distinct
challenges and requirements of treating children, contributing
to their overall well-being and fostering good dental habits
from an early age.

THANK YOU!
SCHOOL OF DENTISTRY
JANUARY 2024

ESTHETIC
DENTISTRY
Members: KRISTINE LORRAINE BALANGUE
ALIYAH MYLES CHLOE GRUSPE
NESAR AHMAD MOHAMMAD KABIR
MICAH NILO
EINGHELA VYETRIZ
01

Introduction to
Esthetic Dentistry
Esthetic Dentistry goes beyond enhancing
the appearance of teeth; it also focuses on
improving the aesthetics of gums and bite.
INTRODUCTION
TO
ESTHETIC
DENTISTRY
02

History of Esthetic
Dentistry
In the 19th century, dentures faced
resistance from the human body, leading to
a rejection of various materials, including
human teeth. However, porcelain teeth
gained popularity, and dentists started
utilizing plaster molds for improved denture
fitting.
HISTORY
OF
ESTHETIC
DENTISTRY
03

History of Esthetic Dentistry
As the 1900s dawned, the dental industry
witnessed a shift from porcelain dental crowns to
more economical materials like plastics and
acrylics. This transition paved the way for
modern denture construction, with acrylics
remaining a prevalent choice for dentures to this
day.
The 20th century marked the true emergence of
cosmetic dentistry, bringing about significant
changes, shifting from porcelain to more
economical plastics and acrylics. This paved the
way for modern cosmetic dentistry, emphasizing
the pursuit of aesthetically pleasing and natural-
looking teeth through various techniques like
whitening, veneers, and implants.
HISTORY
OF
ESTHETIC
DENTISTRY
04

05
Aldo Leopardi
1.
Dr. Aldo Leopardi is recognized for his expertise in
implant-supported restorations and comprehensive
treatment planning. His research and clinical work have
contributed to the advancement of techniques that
enhance the esthetic outcomes of implant-based dental
restorations.
Christian Coachman
1.
Dr. Christian Coachman is best known for developing the
Digital Smile Design (DSD) concept, revolutionizing smile
design and treatment planning through digital
technology. DSD allows for precise communication
between dentists, dental technicians, and patients,
resulting in more predictable and patient-centric esthetic
outcomes.
NOTABLE
RERSONAGES
IN
THE
FIELD
OF
ESTHETIC
DENTISTRY
P
E
R
S
O
N
A
G
E
S

06
3. Larry Rosenthal
Dr. Larry Rosenthal's contributions to esthetic dentistry
include the development of techniques for creating
natural-looking smiles. His work emphasizes a
comprehensive approach to cosmetic dentistry,
considering factors such as facial aesthetics, smile
design, and tooth morphology.
4. John Kois
Dr. John Kois has significantly impacted restorative
dentistry through his emphasis on evidence-based
treatment planning. The Kois Center, founded by Dr.
Kois, provides advanced education in esthetic and
restorative dentistry, focusing on integrating biology,
function, and esthetics for predictable outcomes.
NOTABLE
RERSONAGES
IN
THE
FIELD
OF
ESTHETIC
DENTISTRY
P
E
R
S
O
N
A
G
E
S

5. William G. Dickerson
Dr. William G. Dickerson's contribution lies in his
advocacy for comprehensive esthetic dentistry. His
teachings and mentorship focus on a holistic approach,
addressing both the functional and esthetic aspects of
dental treatment.
6. Carl E. Misch
Dr. Carl E. Misch, renowned for his work in implant
dentistry, has influenced esthetic considerations in
implantology. His teachings emphasize the importance of
understanding the esthetic outcomes when planning and
executing dental implant procedures.
NOTABLE
RERSONAGES
IN
THE
FIELD
OF
ESTHETIC
DENTISTRY
07
P
E
R
S
O
N
A
G
E
S

NOTABLE
RERSONAGES
IN
THE
FIELD
OF
ESTHETIC
DENTISTRY
08
P
E
R
S
O
N
A
G
E
S
7. Vincent G. Kokich
Dr. Vincent G. Kokich has played a pivotal role in
integrating orthodontics with esthetic dentistry. His
work focuses on achieving optimal facial and dental
esthetics by considering orthodontic principles in the
overall treatment plan.

Teeth
Whitening
A non-invasive way to lift stains
and discoloration, revealing a
brighter and more youthful smile.
Procedure: Involves the
application of bleaching agents to
lighten the color of teeth.
Sub-Branches/Procedures:
09

Porcelain
Veneers
Like tailored masks for teeth, veneers
address issues such as discoloration,
gaps, or misalignment, providing a
flawless, natural-looking exterior.
Procedure: Thin, custom-made
shells bonded to the front of teeth.
10

Dental
Bonding
A versatile solution for chipped,
stained, or misshapen teeth,
bonding restores the tooth's
aesthetics by seamlessly blending
with its natural color.
Procedure: Application of tooth-
colored resin to repair or enhance
the appearance of teeth.
11

Dental
Crowns
Crowns restore the shape, size,
and appearance of compromised
teeth, ensuring both strength and
a natural look.
Procedure: Caps placed over
damaged or decayed teeth.
12

Orthodontics
(Cosmetic
Alignment)
Beyond functional improvement,
cosmetic orthodontics aligns teeth
for an aesthetically pleasing smile,
enhancing both appearance and
functionality.
Procedure: Straightening teeth
using methods like braces or clear
aligners.
13

Gum
Contouring
enhances the balance and
appearance of teeth by sculpting
the gums, creating a more
proportionate and visually
appealing smile.
Procedure: Reshaping the gum
line.
14

Dental
Implants
Implants replicate the look and
function of natural teeth,
providing a durable and lifelike
solution for tooth loss.
Procedure: Replacement of
missing teeth with artificial ones.
15

Tooth
Contouring
This procedure involves minor
adjustments to the shape of teeth,
improving symmetry and
correcting small imperfections,
resulting in a more polished and
balanced smile.
Procedure: Gentle shaping or
contouring of tooth enamel.
16

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