The document discusses the classification of gingival and periodontal diseases. It provides a history of how classification systems have evolved over time from Linnaeus' initial taxonomic system to the American Academy of Periodontology's (AAP) shifting classifications between 1977-1989. The 1999 International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Disease and Conditions recommended a new classification system that was adopted by the AAP. This new system introduced gingival diseases as their own category and removed age and progression related terminology.
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
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Controversy in periodontics 2 / orthodontic courses by indian dental academyIndian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Controversies in periodontics / /certified fixed orthodontic courses by India...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Controversy in periodontics 2 / orthodontic courses by indian dental academyIndian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Classification of periodontal diseases /certified fixed orthodontic courses ...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable
Classification of periodontal diseases 1 /certified fixed orthodontic course...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Chronic periodontitis, formerly known as “adult periodontitis” or “chronic adult periodontitis” is the most prevalent form of periodontitis.
Chronic periodontitis has been defined as “an infectious disease resulting in inflammation within the supporting tissues of the teeth, progressive attachment loss, and bone loss”.
This definition outlines the major clinical and etiological characteristics of the disease:
Microbial plaque formation.
Periodontal inflammation.
Loss of attachment and alveolar bone.
Flap surgery, also called pocket reduction surgery. Your periodontist makes cuts in your gums to carefully fold back the tissue. This exposes the tooth roots for more effective scaling and root planning. Because periodontitis often causes bone loss, the underlying bone may be reshaped before the gum tissue is stitched back in place. After you heal, it's easier to clean the areas around your teeth and maintain healthy gum tissue.
Soft tissue grafts. When you lose gum tissue, your gumline gets lower, exposing some of your tooth roots. You may need to have some of the damaged tissue reinforced. This is usually done by removing a small amount of tissue from the roof of your mouth or using tissue from another donor source and attaching it to the affected site. This can help reduce further gum loss, cover exposed roots and give your teeth a better appearance.
Bone grafting. This procedure is performed when periodontitis destroys the bone around your tooth root. The graft may be made from small bits of your own bone, or the bone may be made of artificial material or donated. The bone graft helps prevent tooth loss by holding your tooth in place. It also serves as a platform for the regrowth of natural bone.
Guided tissue regeneration. This allows the regrowth of bone that was destroyed by bacteria. In one approach, your dentist places a special type of fabric between existing bone and your tooth. The material prevents unwanted tissue from growing into the healing area, allowing bone to grow back instead.
Tissue-stimulating proteins. Another approach involves applying a special gel to a diseased tooth root. This gel contains the same proteins found in developing tooth enamel and stimulates the growth of healthy bone and tissue.
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Classification of periodontal diseases /certified fixed orthodontic courses ...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable
Classification of periodontal diseases 1 /certified fixed orthodontic course...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Chronic periodontitis, formerly known as “adult periodontitis” or “chronic adult periodontitis” is the most prevalent form of periodontitis.
Chronic periodontitis has been defined as “an infectious disease resulting in inflammation within the supporting tissues of the teeth, progressive attachment loss, and bone loss”.
This definition outlines the major clinical and etiological characteristics of the disease:
Microbial plaque formation.
Periodontal inflammation.
Loss of attachment and alveolar bone.
Flap surgery, also called pocket reduction surgery. Your periodontist makes cuts in your gums to carefully fold back the tissue. This exposes the tooth roots for more effective scaling and root planning. Because periodontitis often causes bone loss, the underlying bone may be reshaped before the gum tissue is stitched back in place. After you heal, it's easier to clean the areas around your teeth and maintain healthy gum tissue.
Soft tissue grafts. When you lose gum tissue, your gumline gets lower, exposing some of your tooth roots. You may need to have some of the damaged tissue reinforced. This is usually done by removing a small amount of tissue from the roof of your mouth or using tissue from another donor source and attaching it to the affected site. This can help reduce further gum loss, cover exposed roots and give your teeth a better appearance.
Bone grafting. This procedure is performed when periodontitis destroys the bone around your tooth root. The graft may be made from small bits of your own bone, or the bone may be made of artificial material or donated. The bone graft helps prevent tooth loss by holding your tooth in place. It also serves as a platform for the regrowth of natural bone.
Guided tissue regeneration. This allows the regrowth of bone that was destroyed by bacteria. In one approach, your dentist places a special type of fabric between existing bone and your tooth. The material prevents unwanted tissue from growing into the healing area, allowing bone to grow back instead.
Tissue-stimulating proteins. Another approach involves applying a special gel to a diseased tooth root. This gel contains the same proteins found in developing tooth enamel and stimulates the growth of healthy bone and tissue.
Host modulatory therapy does not shut off the normal defence mechanism of inflammation instead, they ameliorate excessive or pathologically elevated inflammatory process to enhance the opportunities for wound healing and periodontal stability.
Pharmacological agents are used to stop the progression of periodontitis by intervention of the pathogenic mechanism.
It is used as an adjunct with conventional periodontal disease treatment.
It offers the opportunity for modulating or reducing destruction by treating chronic inflammatory response.
The concept was introduced by William and Golub in 1990.
Initially adjunctive therapies were solely anti-microbial such as use of antibiotics and antiseptics.
New approaches include modulation of host response.
Host modulatory therapy is considered as a BENCH-MARK in the treatment of patients with periodontal diseases.
Also, Useful in the following patients :
Diabetes & immunocompromised situations
peri-implant dis-ease (local and systemic efficiency of host modulatory therapy are used as an adjunct to conventional local disinfection treatment)
Although the efficacy and usefulness of host modulating agents have improved the treatment in several folds still, more research is required to make treatment response faster and to increase periodontal stability.
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It is based on the viva explanation and understanding basis.
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All of my Lectures are based on information purposes.
It is based on the viva explanation and understanding basis.
Basically for 4th BDS Professional Year.
All of my Lectures are based on information purposes.
It is based on the viva explanation and understanding basis.
Basically for 4th BDS Professional Year.
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Being proactive
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Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
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2. CLASSIFICATION
OF
GINGIVAL & PERIODONTAL
DISEASES
Dr. Abhishek Gaur
BDS, MDS, F.A.G.E., MHA, (Ph.D.)
(Department of Periodontology & Oral Implantology)
Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College & Research Center
Teerthanker Mahaveer University
2
3. HISTORY
In the 18th century CAROLUS LINNAEUS called Carl von
Linné, revolutionized the field of natural history by
introducing a formalized system of naming organisms, what
we call a taxonomic nomenclature.
He divided the natural world into 3 kingdoms and used five
ranks : Class, Order, Genus, Species & Variety.
4. CLASSIFICATION
“A Category Into Which
Something Is Put”
The arrangement of animals and plants in taxonomic groups according to their
observed similarities (including at least kingdom and phylum in animals,
division in plants, and class, order, family, genus, and species).
4
5. NEED FOR
CLASSIFICATION
a) Classification is needed for the convenient study of living
organisms/elements.
b) It is necessary for knowing the different varieties of
organisms/elements.
c) It helps in the correct identification of various
organisms/elements.
d) It helps to know the origin and evolution of organisms/elements.
5
6. FROM 1977 TO 1989, THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF
PERIODONTOLOGY (AAP) WENT FROM 2 MAIN
PERIODONTAL DISEASE CATEGORIES TO 5.
The 1989 Classification Had It’s Short-comings Including :
• Lack of a category for strictly gingival diseases
• Overlap between disease categories
• Difficulty in fitting certain patients into any of the existing categories.
• Similarity of microbiological and host response features.
A New Periodontal Disease Classification System Was
Recommended By The 1999 International Workshop
For A Classification Of Periodontal Disease And
Conditions. 6
8. 2 58
1977 1986 1989
I. JUVENILE PERIODONTITIS I. JUVENILE PERIODONTITIS
1. Prepubertal
2. Localized juvenile periodontitis
3. Generalized juvenile periodontitis
II. ADULT PERIODONTITIS
III. NECROTIZING ULCERATIVE :
Gingivo-Periodontitis
IV. PERIODONTITIS
I. EARLY-ONSET
PERIODONTITIS
A. Prepubertal periodontitis
a. Localized
b. Generalized
B. Juvenile periodontitis
a. Localized
b. Generalized
C. Rapidly progressive periodontitis
II. CHRONIC MARGINAL
PERIODONTITIS
II. ADULT PERIODONTITIS
III. NECROTIZING ULCERATIVE
PERIODONTITIS
IV. REFRACTORY
PERIODONTITIS
V. PERIODONTITIS ASSOCIATED
WITH SYSTEMIC DISEASE
10. ABBREVIATED VERSION OF THE 1999 CLASSIFICATION OF PERIODONTAL DISEASES & CONDITIONS
1. Gingival Diseases A. Dental plaque-induced gingival diseases
B. Non-plaque-induced gingival lesions
2. Chronic Periodontitis
(slight: 1-2 mm CAL; moderate: 3-4 mm CAL; severe: > 5 mm CAL)
A. Localized
B. Generalized (> 30% of sites are involved)
3. Aggressive Periodontitis
(slight: 1-2 mm CAL; moderate: 3-4 mm CAL; severe: > 5 mm CAL)
A. Localized
B. Generalized (> 30% of sites are involved)
4. Periodontitis as a Manifestation of Systemic Diseases A. Associated with haematological disorders
B. Associated with genetic disorders
C. Not otherwise specified
5. Necrotizing Periodontal Diseases A. Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
B. Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis
6. Abscesses of the Periodontium A. Gingival abscess
B. Periodontal abscess
C. Peri-coronal abscess
7. Periodontitis Associated With Endodontic Lesions Combined periodontic-endodontic lesions
8. Developmental or Acquired Deformities and Conditions A. Localized tooth-related factors that modify or predispose
to plaque-induced gingival diseases/periodontitis
B. Mucogingival deformities and conditions around teeth
C. Mucogingival deformities and conditions on edentulous
ridges
D. Occlusal trauma 10
12. Periodontal abscesses, combined periodontic-endodontic problems, mucogingival
deformities and occlusal trauma all remain unchanged except that they have been
ordered in the classification system.
NUG and NUP were combined under the category of necrotizing periodontal
diseases with no changes to their definitions.
One of the most significant changes included the addition of a detailed section on
gingival diseases and lesions. Another important change was the discontinuation of
terms related to age of presentation and rate of progression of the diseases.
The criteria for chronic periodontitis remain similar to those used for adult
periodontitis but the age-dependent terminology has been removed.
All syndromes and systemic diseases which predispose a patient to periodontal
disease would be classified under the category of
“PERIODONTITIS AS A MANIFESTATION OF SYSTEMIC DISEASE”
Refractory periodontitis (low plaque scores and low responsiveness to periodontal therapy) is no longer considered a
specific disease. 12
14. The 1999 classification system has been approved by the
AAP, is now official terminology for that organization, and
will be used in accredited graduate periodontal programs and
board examinations.
The Parameters of Care approved by the AAP have adopted
the new classification and future publications will use it as
their standard. Since many of the 1999 workshop participants
were from Europe and Asia as well as North America, it is
anticipated that the proposed classification will be adopted in
most parts of the world.
14