class 12th Ch 7 physiology and injuries in sports by bhawani pratap singh shekhawat

CBSE
12TH
CLASS
SESSION
2020-21
BY: BHAWANI PRATAP SINGH SHEKHAWAT
By : Bhawani Pratap Singh Shekhawat , // bhawani912@gmail.com / +91 8005864874 //

PHYSIOLOGY AND INJURIES IN
SPORTS
CHAPTER – 7 By : Bhawani Pratap Singh Shekhawat , //
bhawani912@gmail.com / +91 8005864874 //

CONTENTS
Physiological Factor Determining Component Of Physical Fitness
Effect Of Exercise On Cardio Respiratory System
Effect Of Exercise On Muscular System
Physiological Changes Due To Ageing
Sports Injuries: Classification, Causes And Prevention
Treatment Of Injuries
First Aid – Aims & Objectives
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7

MEANING OF SPORTS
PHYSIOLOGY
❖Sports Physiology Is The Study
Of The Long-and Short-term
Effects Of Training And
Conditions On Athletes.
Anatomy Is About Structure,
Where Physiology Is About
Function.
❖Sports Physiology Is The Study
Of How Exercise Alters The
Function And Structure Of The
Body.

7.1 PHYSIOLOGICAL
FACTOR
DETERMINING
COMPONENT OF
PHYSICAL FITNESS
By : Bhawani Pratap Singh Shekhawat , //
bhawani912@gmail.com / +91 8005864874 //

COMPONENTS OF
PHYSICAL
FITNESS
Physical
Fitness
Strength
Speed
EnduranceFlexibility
Coordinative
Abilities

PHYSIOLOGICAL
FACTORS DETERMINING
STRENGTH
❖Muscle Size: Strength Of The
Muscle Depends On Size Of The
Muscles. Force Produced By
Same Size Of Muscle In Males
And Females Is Approximately
Same. Can Be Improved Through
Training
❖Body Weight: Individuals Who
Are Heavier Are Stronger Than
The Light Weight Individuals.
❖Muscle Composition: Muscular
System Is Composed Of White
Muscle & Red Muscle Fibre. The
Percentage Of These Muscles Is
Genetically Determined And
Cannot Be Changed Through
Training.
❖Nerve Impulse: Speed Of Nerves
Impulse Determines Strength.
Can Not Be Improved Through
Training

PHYSIOLOGICAL
FACTORS
DETERMINING SPEED
❖Mobility Of The Nervous
System: Contraction and
relaxation of muscles is
controlled by nervous system.
Frequency of contraction and
relaxation of muscles is
determined by excitability of
nerve impulse
❖Muscle composition: The
percentage of white muscle &
red muscle fibre is genetically
determined and cannot be
changed through training.
❖Explosive Strength: Depends
on muscle composition,
muscle size, muscle
coordination and metabolic
process. Except muscle
composition the other factors
can be improved through
training.

PHYSIOLOGICAL
FACTORS DETERMINING
SPEED (CONT.)
❖Flexibility: Maximum range of
movement of any muscle or
joint. Freedom of movement
enables muscles to move at
faster rate & complete
utilization of explosive
strength.
❖Bio Chemical Reserves And
Metabolic Power: For
maximum speed performance
the muscles require more
amount of energy at a very
high rate of consumption. For
this purpose ATP and CP
stores should be enough. If the
store is less the muscle
contractions due to insufficient
energy supply becomes slow
after a short time.

PHYSIOLOGICAL
FACTORS DETERMINING
ENDURANCE
❖ AEROBIC CAPACITY: Energy
Required By The Muscles Can Be
Supplied In The Presence Of Oxygen.
Hence Supply Of Oxygen To Working
Muscles Is Important For Endurance
Performance.
✓ Oxygen Intake: It Is The Amount
Of The Oxygen Which Can Be
Taken By The Lungs From
Atmosphere. Oxygen Transport :
The Amount Of Oxygen Taken
Into The Blood From Lungs Has
To Be Transported To The
Working Muscles
✓ Oxygen Uptake: The Amount Of
Oxygen Which Can Be Observed
And Consumed By The Working
Muscles From The Blood.
✓ Energy Reserves: Depends
Upon The Availability Of Fuel To
Muscles From Which Energy For
The Activity Is Derived. The
Aerobic Capacity Depends Upon
The Muscle Glycogen And Sugar
Level In The Blood.

PHYSIOLOGICAL
FACTORS DETERMINING
ENDURANCE (CONT.)
❖Lactic Acid Tolerance: It Is
Important For Activities
Lasting > 40 Seconds &
Determines Anaerobic
Capacity. Can Be Improved
Through Training.
❖Movement Economy: For
Apex Performance, Body
Movements Should Be
Economical. Good
Technique Saves Energy &
Improve Endurance.
❖Muscle Composition: The
Percentage Of White
Muscle & Red Muscle Fibre
Is Genetically Determined
And Cannot Be Changed
Through Training

PHYSIOLOGICAL
FACTORS DETERMINING
FLEXIBILITY
❖Muscle Strength: Weak
Muscles Cannot Exert
Sufficient Force To Achieve
Full Range Of Movement.
Muscle Strength Is Highly
Trainable.
❖Joint Structure: Structure
Of Joint Is A Limiting Factor
For Flexibility. Some Of The
Joints Intrinsically Have A
Greater Range Of Motion
Than Others.
❖Age And Gender: Flexibility
Is Maximum During
Childhood And Decreases
With The Advancement Of
Age. It Can Be Enhanced
With Training. Females Tend
To Be More Flexible Than
Males.

PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS
DETERMINING
FLEXIBILITY (CONT.)
❖Stretchability Of Muscles:
Limits The Range Of
Movements. Stretchability
Can Be Improved By
Training.
❖Body Temperature: Has A
Positive Correlation With
Body Flexibility. Warm Up
Before Any Sports Activity Is
Highly Advisable.
❖Previous Injury: Injuries To
Connective Tissues And
Muscles Can Lead To
Thickening On The Affected
Area Leading To Reduced
Flexibility. Rehabilitation
Exercises Are Must After
Healing Of Injury.

❖ INCREASE IN THE SIZE OF HEART: Muscles Of The Heart
Increase In Size And Strength. The Left Ventricle Adapts To The
Greatest Extent. Heart Walls Grow Stronger And Thicker.
❖ DECREASE IN RESTING HEART RATE: Regular Exercise
Decreases The Resting Heart Rate. Resting Heart Rate 72
Beat/Min Can Go Down To 30 To 40 Beat/Minute In Highly
Conditioned Athlete.
❖ STROKE VOLUME INCREASES AT REST: In An Untrained
Individual Stroke Volume At Rest Is 50 To70 Ml / Beat Which
Increases To 70 To 90 Ml / Beat As An Effect Of Regular Exercise.
❖ Increase In Cardiac Output Cardiac Output = Stroke Volume X
Heart Rate
❖ INCREASED BLOOD FLOW: To Supply The Muscles With Extra
Oxygen During Exercise, The Body Increases Its Number Of
Capillaries. Existing Capillaries Open Wider. The Blood
Redistribution More Efficient & Effective.
7.2 EFFECT OF EXERCISE
ON CARDIO
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

EFFECT OF EXERCISE ON
CARDIO RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM (CONT.)
❖ DECREASE IN BLOOD PRESSURE: Decreases BP By Up To 10 Mmhg At
Rest.
❖ INCREASE IN BLOOD VOLUME: Increases The Blood Volume Due To
Increase In Plasma Volume. Body Produces More RBC To Supply Extra
Oxygen To Muscles During Intensive Exercise
❖ QUICKER RECOVERY RATE: Quickens The Recovery Rate. Rate Of
Respiration Also Becomes Normal Quickly.
❖ INCREASE IN TIDAL AIR CAPACITY: It Is The Amount Of Air That Flows In
And Out Of The Lungs In Each Quiet Respiratory Movement.
❖ DECREASE IN RATE OF RESPIRATION: If The Individual Perform The
Exercise On Daily Basis, His/ Her Respiration At Rest Decreases In
Comparison To The Earlier Stage.
❖ UNUSED ALVEOLES BECOME ACTIVE: Regular Exercise Activates The
Unused Alveoles, Because Much Amount Of Oxygen Is Required In Vigorous
And Prolonged Exercises. The Passive Alveloes Also Become Active.

❖INCREASE IN ENDURANCE: if exercise is
performed regularly and for a longer period, it
increases endurance
❖INCREASE IN RESIDUAL AIR VOLUME: it is
that amount of air, which is left in the lungs after
exhalation.
❖INCREASE IN VITAL AIR CAPACITY: it is the
amount of air which an individual can inhale and
exhale with maximum effort.
❖Increase in maximum oxygen uptake(VO2 max).
EFFECT OF EXERCISE
ON CARDIO
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
(CONT.)

7.3 EFFECT OF
EXERCISE ON
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
❖Change In Shape And Size Of
Muscle
❖Formation Of More Capillaries
❖Muscles Remains In Tone
Position
❖Controls Extra Fat
❖Change In The Connective
Tissues
❖Efficiency In The Movement
Of Muscles

EFFECT OF EXERCISE
ON MUSCULAR
SYSTEM (CONT.)
❖Delays Fatigue
❖Increase Food Storage
❖Exercise And Its Health Benefits
❖Non Functioning Fibres Become
Active
❖Body Posture Remains Correct
❖Improves Reaction Time

7.4 PHYSIOLOGICAL
CHANGES DUE TO
AGEING
Ageing Is A Natural
And Inevitable
Process With
Degenerative
Changes In Most Of
The Physical,
Physiological And
Psychological
Functions
Meaning of ageing

PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES DUE TO
AGEING
Changes In Muscle Size And Strength
Changes In Metabolism And Body Composition
Changes In Bone Density
Changes In Respiratory System
Changes In Cardio Vascular System
Changes In Nervous System
Changes In The Gastro Intestinal System
Changes In Urinary System
Changes In Flexibility

PHYSIOLOGICAL
CHANGES
DUE
TO
AGEING(CONT.)
Change In
Vision
Change In
Hearing
Change In
Taste
Change In
Smell
CHANGES IN SENSES

7.5 SPORTS INJURIES:
CLASSIFICATION, CAUSES
AND PREVENTION
MEANING OF SPORTS INJURIES
❖Injuries Which Are Common In The Field
Of Games And Sports
❖Happen During Practice, Training Or
Competition
❖If Appropriate Steps Are Taken By The
Sports Person The Chance Of Getting
Injuries Can Be Reduced.

CLASSIFICATION OF SPORTS
INJURIES
Soft Tissue Injuries Bone Injuries Joint Injuries
Sports Injuries Can Be Classified As Under

SOFT TISSUE
INJURIES
1. Contusion
2. Strain
3. Sprain
4. Abrasion
5. Bruises

1. CONTUSION
❖Muscle Injury Occurs Due To Direct
Hit, With Or Without Any Sports
Equipment.
❖Blood Vessels In The Muscles Are
Broken, Bleeding May Occur In The
Muscles .
❖Stiffness & Swelling Common Sign.
❖Muscle May Not Respond Or May
Become Totally Inactive.
❖Common In : Boxing, Wrestling,
Kabaddi.

2. STRAIN
❖Mild Or Severe Muscle Injury.
❖In Severe Case, Muscle May Rupture.
❖In Case Of Complete Rupture Movement
Of Limb Is Not Possible Due To Severe
Pain.
❖May Happen During Practice Or Clash.

3. SPRAIN
❖Ligament Injury.
❖May Occur Due To Over Stretching
Or Tearing Of Ligament.
❖Occurs At Wrist Joint And Ankle Joint.
❖Some Time Fracture Is Possible
Along With Sprain.
❖Swelling, Inflammation, Severe Pain
& Tenderness Are Common
Symptoms.

4. ABRASION
❖Skin Injury.
❖Occurs Due To Friction
With Any Equipment Or A
Fall Over The Area
Where The Bone Is Close
To Skin.
❖Occurs At Upper Layer
Of Skin.

5. BRUISES
❖An Injury Appearing As
An Area Of Discoloured
Skin ( Red To Blue Or
Dark Purple )On The
Body
❖Caused By A Blow Or
Impact Rupturing
Underlying Blood Vessels.

BONE INJURIES
1.Simple Fracture
2.Compound Fracture
3.Complicated Fracture
4. Green Stick Fracture
5. Comminuted Fracture
6. Impacted Fracture
7. Depressed Fracture

1. SIMPLE FRACTURE
A Fracture Without Any
Wound, Where The Bone
Is Broken At One Palace

2. COMPOUND
FRACTURE
❖Along With Fracture, Skin And
Muscles Are Also Damaged.
Generally, The Broken Bones
Comes Outside Tearing The Skin.

3. COMPLICATED
FRACTURE
❖Along With Fracture, Internal Organs Like
Tissues, Nerves Or Arteries Are Damaged.
❖Such Fractures Are Dangerous And Common In
High Jump And Pole Vault

4. GREEN STICK
FRACTURE
❖Common Seen In Children
❖Their Bones Are Very Soft And
Delicate
❖There Is Any Stress On The Bone,
It Is Bent

5. COMMINUTED
FRACTURE
❖When Bone Is Broken
Into Three Or More
Pieces.
❖Common In Cycle Race
And Motorcycle Races.

when the end of
Fractured bone
enters into another
bone.
6. IMPACTED
FRACTURE

7. DEPRESSED
FRACTURE
Bones Are Broken
And Go Down Below
There Normal Level.
Usually Found In The
Skull.

CAUSES OF FRACTURE
In Such Sports Event Where There Is A High Impact.
Traumatic, Forceful And Unnatural Movements.
Prolonged Long Distance Walking Or Running.
Sudden Fall On Hard Surface.
Direct Strike Or Hit With Any Solid Sports Equipment.
Osteoporosis

JOINT INJURIES
1. Dislocation Of Lower Jaw
2. Dislocation Of Shoulder
Joint
3. Dislocation Of Hip Joint

1. DISLOCATION OF LOWER JAW
❖Occurs when chin
strikes to another
object.
❖May also occur
when mouth is
opened excessively.

2. DISLOCATION OF SHOULDER
JOINT
❖Occurs due to
sudden jerk or a fall
on hard surface.
❖The end of humerus
comes out from the
socket

3. DISLOCATION OF HIP JOINT
❖Occurs By Putting
Maximum Strength
Spontaneously.
❖End Of The Femur Is
Displaced From The
Socket.

CAUSES OF SPORTS INJURIES
Improper Conditioning
Improper Warming-up
Unscientific Way Of Training
Lack Of Fitness
Nutritional Inadequacy
Lack Of Sports Facilities
Injudicious Officiating

CAUSES OF SPORTS INJURIES (CONT.)
No Use Of Protective Equipment
Practice During The Stage Of Fatigue
Pressure Of Competition
Carelessness During The Game
Recurrence Of Injury
Improper Sports Equipment
Overuse Of Muscles

PREVENTION OF SPORTS INJURIES
Proper Warm-
up
Proper
Conditioning
Balanced Diet
Proper
Knowledge Of
Sports Skills
Use Of
Protective
Equipment’s
Proper Sports
Facilities
Unbiased
Officiating
Don’t Do
Overtraining
Use Of Proper
Technique
Obeying The
Rules
Proper Cooling
Down

1. PROPER WARM-UP
❖Essential before training and competition.
❖Tones up muscles for training and
competitions.
❖Reduces chances of injuries.
❖Routine should be of minimum of 10
minutes.
❖Start with gentle exercises to brisk
exercises.
❖Put more emphasis on muscles which will
be used in the training or competition.

2. PROPER CONDITIONING
❖Injuries Are Caused By Weak
Muscles Not Ready To Meet The
Demand Of The Sport.
❖Use Weight And Circuit Training
Methods To Improve Muscular
Strength.
❖Conditioning Improves The
Neuro - Muscular Co-ordination.

3. BALANCED DIET
❖Lack Of Essential
Minerals And Vitamins
Such As Calcium,
Phosphorus And Vitamin D
Etc. Make Bones Weak.
❖Weak Bones Lead To
Sports Injuries.

4. PROPER KNOWLEDGE OF
SPORTS SKILLS
❖Proper Knowledge Of Sports Skills
Is Very Beneficial And Essential For
Injury Prevention.
❖Sportsperson Should Be Efficient In
Performing The Related Sports
Skills.
❖One Should Have Deep Knowledge
Of Sports Skills And Is Efficient
Completely In Performing Them Can
Prevent From Injuries To Great
Extent

5. USE OF PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT'S
❖Using Protective
Equipment's Is Very Basic
Requirement For The
Safety Of Players.
❖Stress Should Be Laid
Down On Good Quality Of
Protective Equipment's.

6. PROPER SPORTS FACILITIES
❖With Proper Warm-up And Skills Etc.,
Proper Facilities For The Training And
Competitions Is Also Very Important
For Prevention From Injuries.
❖Outdoor Grounds Or Indoor Halls
Should Be Maintained Properly For
The Training.
❖Specially Surface, For The Particular
Sport Should Be Maintained(example
Landing Pit For High Jumpers).

7. UNBIASED OFFICIATING
❖Officiating Specially In Teams
Can Play An Important Role For
Prevention Of Injuries.
❖Unbiased Officiating Maintains
A Discipline Among The
Players And Reduces The
Chances Of Injuries.

8. DON’T DO OVERTRAINING
❖Over Training In The Beginning For
The Beginners Causes Sports
Injury.
❖Beginners Should Avoid Doing Too
Much Too Soon.
❖If One Is Training After A Long Gap
Of Time, It Should Be Increased
Wisely Otherwise There Are More
Chances Of Injuries.

9. USE OF PROPER TECHNIQUE
❖Using Right Technique In Training
And Playing Of Particular Sport,
Prevent From Injuries .
❖Wrong Techniques May Cause
Tendonitis Or Fractures.
❖One Should Always Train Under
Expert Guidance And Supervision.

10. OBEYING THE RULES
❖Obeying The Rules Of Particular
Game During Training And
Competition Prevents From Injuries.
❖On The Other Hand If Player Is Not
Obeying The Rules Of The Game,
He Is More Likely To Get Injured .

11. PROPER COOLING DOWN
❖After Every Practice Session Or Competition,
Cooling Down Is As Important As Warming Up
In The Beginning .
❖It Should Be Of Light Aerobic Activity Such As
Jogging Etc. (5-10 Min.) Followed By
Stretching Exercises.
❖Cooling Down Helps In Removing Waste
Products Such As Lactic Acid & Acid
Phosphate Etc. From The Muscles
❖It Also Helps In Alleviating The Muscle
Stiffness And Soreness.

TIPS FOR PREVENTING SPORTS
INJURIES
1. Avoid Training When You Are Tired.
2. Have More Carbohydrates When Under Going Rigorous Training.
3. Increase Resting Time If Training Time Is Increased.
4. Increase In Training Should Be Preceded By Increase In Conditioning (Strengthening).
5. Don’t Ignore Minor Injuries As They Tend To Become Major Injuries .
6. If Pain Is Felt During Training, Stop Training Session Immediately.
7. Never Train Hard If Stiffness From The Previous Session Still Exists.

INJURIES (CONT.)
8. Pay Attention To Hydration And Nutrition.
9. Use Appropriate Training Surface.
10. Training And Competition Area Should Be Free Of Hazards.
11. Use Safe And Appropriate Equipment's.
12. Introduce New Activities Gradually.
13. Allow Lot Of Time For Warming Up And Cooling Down.
14. Check Training And Competition Schedules Beforehand.

INJURIES (CONT.)
15. When Training On Different Surfaces , Use The Proper Footwear.
16. Change To Dry Clothes After Cooling Down.
17. Aim For Maximum Comfort When Travelling.
18. Stay Away From Infectious Area When Training.
19. Be More Vigilant About Hygiene In Hot Weather.
20. If Any Sign Of Fatigue Before Training Session, Ease Off.
21. Have Regular Sports Massage.

7.6 TREATMENT OF
INJURIES
Treatment Of Soft
Tissue Injuries

ABRASION
❖Injured Part Should Be Washed With
Clean Water/Antiseptic Liquid.
❖Dressing Should Be Done Lightly If
Abrasion Is Serious.
❖Anti-tetanus Injection Should Be
Taken.
❖Painkiller Should Be Given In Case
Of Severe Pain.

CONTUSION
❖Cold Compression Should Be Used
Immediately For Around Half An Hour.
❖Cold Compression Should Be Performed
Five To Six Times Daily.
❖In Case Of More Swelling At The Injured
Part Anti – Inflammatory Medicine Should
Be Given.
❖If The Swelling Still Persist, Consult The
Doctor.
❖For Rehabilitation, Flexibility Exercises
Should Be Done Carefully.

LACERATION
MEANING
A Laceration Can Be
Anything From A Small,
Minor Scrape To A Deep,
Bleeding Cut. In A
Laceration, None Of The
Skin Is Missing; It’s Just
Separated. While Some
Lacerations Can Seem
Minor, They May Become
Serious If Not Treated
Properly And Promptly.
TREATMENT
❖ Stop The Flow Of Blood By Applying Firm Pressure To The Laceration With A Clean
Cloth Or Gauze. A Small Amount Of Blood Is Advantageous In Cleansing The
Wound, But Large Amounts Of Blood Loss Can Be Dangerous.
❖ Properly Clean The Wound. Remove All Dirt And Debris By First Running Cool Water
Over The Area, And Then Clean With A Sterile Cloth, Warm Water, And Mild Soap.
❖ Apply Antibiotic Ointment, And Then Cover The Wound Area With A Sterile Gauze
Bandage And First-aid Tape.
❖ Clean The Wound Area Daily With Soap And Water And Apply A Fresh Sterile
Bandage.
❖ For A Minor Laceration, Remove The Bandage After A Couple Of Days To Promote
Healing.
❖ If The Affected Person Requires Stitches, Take Him/Her To The Doctor.

INCISION
MEANING
❖Occur Due To
Sharped-edge
Objects Of Sports
Equipment Or
Spikes, Etc.
❖Some Times,
Arteries Or Veins
May Be Cut.
❖If The Wound Is Not Deep, Let The Blood
Come Out.
❖Cleaned With Iodine Tincture Or Spirit.
❖Bandage Should Be Applied.
❖In Case Of Excessive Bleeding, The
Bandage Should Be Kept Tight.
❖Wound Is Too Deep, A Doctor Should Be
Consulted Immediately
TREATMENT

SPRAIN
❖ Injured Part Should Be Kept In Comfortable Position.
❖ Cold Compression Should Be Used Immediately For
10- 20 Minutes And Performed 6 To 8 Times Per Day.
❖ The Injured Limb Should Be Elevated.
❖ If Pain Still Persist, Painkiller Should Be Given.
❖ Warm Water Therapy After 2-3 Days.  Light Massage
Should Be Given.
❖ In Case Of Ankle Sprain, 8-type Bandage Should Be
Wrapped.
❖ There Are Two Procedure For The Treatment Of
Sprain
a. PRICE Procedure (Protection, Rest, Ice,
Compression, Elevation)
b. MICE Procedure (Mobilisation, Ice,
Compression, Elevation)

STRAIN
❖Strained Organ Should Be Kept In Comfortable
Position.
❖Pour Cold Water For 20 To 30 Minutes.
❖Ice Should Not Be Applied Directly (Wrap Ice In
Cotton Cloth).
❖Light Massage Should Be Given After 2 – 3
Days.
❖Pain Killer May Be Given In Case Of Severe
Pain.
❖Complete Rest For One Week.  Warm Water
Therapy Should Be Given.
❖Price Procedure For The Treatment Of Strain

TREATMENT OF
DISLOCATION
❖Call Medical Help Immediately.
❖Don’t Try To Move The Joint Or To Place It Back
In The Socket.
❖Keep Ice On The Spot Of Dislocation To Control
Swelling.
❖Sling Or Splint The Affected Joint Into Fixed
Position.
❖Immobilize The Affected Limb By Bandage.
❖Don’t Try To Adjust The Dislocated Limb Without
A Doctor.
❖Athlete Should Be Taken To Hospital On
Stretcher.

TREATMENT OF
FACTURES
❖ Try To Locate The Fracture By Touching Gently .
❖ Don’t Move Fractured Limb.
❖ Use Splints And Bandages To Keep The
Fractured Limb Stable.
❖ In Case Of Compound Fracture Don’t Wash The
Wound.
❖ Use Dry And Disinfectant Bandages.
❖ For Vertebrae Fracture, Athlete Should Be Lifted
Carefully(avoiding Bending ,Twisting Etc.) To The
Hospital.
❖ For Ribs Fracture, Immobilizing Bandage Should
Be Applied As It Reduces Further Damage.
❖ For Femur Fracture, Anaesthesia Should Be
Given And Affected Leg Should Be Immobilized.

7.7 FIRST AID – AIMS & OBJECTIVES
MEANING OF FIRST-AID
First Aid Is The First And Immediate Assistance Given To Any Person Suffering From Either A Minor
Or Serious Illness Or Injury, With Care Provided To Preserve Life, Prevent The Condition From
Worsening, Or To Promote Recovery.

AIM OF FIRST AID
The Main Aim Of First Aid
Is Try To Save The
Precious Life Of The
Wounded Person Or
Victim.

❖To Preserve Life
❖To Alleviate Pain And Suffering
❖To Prevent The Condition From Worsening
❖To Promote Recovery
❖To Procure Early Medical Aid
OBJECTIVES OF FIRST AID

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