This document defines key terms related to motion and mechanics. It provides definitions for terms like motion, particle, rigid body, oscillation, rotational motion, centre of gravity, fulcrum, translation motion, momentum, and centre of mass. Definitions are accompanied by simple diagrams to illustrate key concepts. The document aims to concisely explain important terminology in mechanics.

4. Term Information Picture
Motion
the action or process of
moving or of changing place
or position
Particle
a small localized object to
which can be ascribed several
physical or chemical
properties, such as volume,
density, or mass

5. Term Information Picture
Rigid body
a solid body in which
deformation is zero or so
small it can be neglected
For any plane body, the
moment of inertia about any
Theorem of of its axes which are
perpendicular to the plane is
perpendicular equal to the sum of the
moment of inertia about any
axes two perpendicular axes in the
plane of the body which
intersect the first axis in the
plane

6. Term Information Picture
Oscillation
periodic variation of a matter
between two values or about
its central value
Rotational
motion
motion of an object around a
circular path, in a fixed orbit

7. Term Information Picture
Theorem of
parallel axes
moment of inertia of a body
about an axis parallel to an
axis passing through the
centre of mass is equal to the
sum of the moment of inertia
of body about an axis passing
through centre of mass and
product of mass and square
of the distance between the
two axes
Centre of
gravity
imaginary point in a body of
matter where the total weight
of the body is thought to be
concentrated

8. Term Information Picture
Fulcrum
the point at which a bar, or
something that is balancing, is
supported or balances
C r o s s
product
Cross product of two vectors
will give the resultant a vector
and calculated using the
Right-hand Rule denoted by a
× b

10. Term Information Picture
TRANSLATIONAL
MOTION
The motion in which all
particles of a moving body
move uniformly in the same
line or direction having the
same velocity
PRECESSION
The phenomenon associated
with the action of a spinning
top - rotation of a spinning
body about a line intersecting
the spin axis.

11. Term Information Picture
RADIUS OF
GYRATION
The distance from the axis of
a mass point whose mass is
equal to the mass of the whole
body and whose moment of
inertia is equal to the moment
of inertia of the body about
the axis
KINETIC ENERGY
work needed to accelerate a
body of a given mass from
rest to its stated velocity

12. Term Information Picture
TORQUE
The measure of the force that
can cause an object to rotate
about an axis measure
EQUILIBRIUM
The condition of a system
when neither its state of
motion nor its internal energy
state tends to change with
time

13. Term Information Picture
FLYWHEEL
A mechanical device which
uses the conservation of
angular momentum to store
rotational energy
ANGULAR
MOMENTUM
The quantity of rotation of a
body, which is the product of
its moment of inertia and its
angular velocity

14. Term Information Picture
ANGULAR
VELOCITY
time rate at which an object
rotates, or revolves, about an
axis, or at which the angular
displacement between two
bodies changes
ANGULAR
ACCELERATION
The time rate of change of
angular velocity

16. Term Information Picture
Axis o f
rotation
The straight line through all
fixed points of a rotating rigid
body around which all other
points of the body move in
circles
Moment of
f o r c e
Moment of a force is a
measure of its tendency to
cause a body to rotate about a
specific point or axis

17. Term Information Picture
Moment of
inertia
Moment of inertia is defined
as the quantity expressed by
the body resisting angular
acceleration which is the sum
of the product of the mass of
every particle with its square
of a distance from the axis of
rotation
Kinematics
Kinematics is a subfield of
physics, developed in classical
mechanics, that describes the
motion of points, bodies
(objects), and systems of
bodies (groups of objects)
without considering the forces
that cause them to move

18. Term Information Picture
Power
Power is the amount of energy
transferred or converted per
unit time
Linear
Momentum
Linear momentum is the
vector quantity and defined as
the product of the mass of an
object, m, and its velocity, v

19. Term Information Picture
Centre of
mass
The center of mass is a
position defined relative to an
object or system of objects. It
is the average position of all
the parts of the system,
weighted according to their
masses
Rolling
motion
Rolling is a type of motion
that combines rotation and
translation of that object with
respect to a surface, such that,
if ideal conditions exist, the
two are in contact with each
other without sliding.

20. Term Information Picture
Translational
motion
Translational motion is the
motion by which a body shifts
from one point in space to
another
Equilibrium of
rigid body
A rigid body is in equilibrium
if the sum of the forces and
the sum of the moments on
the body are zero