This document outlines the criteria for a just war according to Catholic social teaching, including jus ad bellum (justice of going to war) and jus in bello (justice in war). For a war to be just, it must have a just cause, be declared by a competent authority, pursue comparative justice and right intention through less violent means, and have a probability of success and be proportional to the wrong suffered. During war, actions must discriminate between combatants and non-combatants and be proportional to the anticipated military advantage. Ends do not justify means, and bad consequences can make an otherwise just act unjust according to just war thinking.

1. Just War I. The Just War Criteria A. Pacifism vs. Just War Thought 1. “Already, but not yet” (§ 58) 2. Pacifism | Just War (2 traditions , §§ 62, 73 ) How are they related? (§§ 73-74, 120-121) B. Two Sets of Criteria II. Some cases III.The Use of Nuclear Weapons (applying the Bishops’ just war criteria) Jus ad bellum Jus in bello

2. Jus ad bellum [§§ 85-100] (Justice of going to war) Just Cause Competent Authority Comparative Justice Right Intention Last Resort Probability of Success Proportionality

3. Jus in bello [§§ 101-110] (Justice in war) Discrimination Proportionality D P

4. Ends do not justify the means According to Just War Thinking: Good consequences cannot make an otherwise bad (i.e., indiscriminate) act good; but ... Bad consequences can make an otherwise good (i.e., discriminate) act bad.