This document discusses the principles of a just war according to Christian theology. It outlines the 7 principles of a just war as proper authority, just cause, right intention, last resort, proportionality, reasonable chance of success, and controlled violence. The document provides examples of each principle and has students rank the principles in order of importance. It also has students analyze whether the war in Iraq was just according to these criteria and compare the principles of just war to those of Jihad.
The document discusses whether war can ever be morally justified according to just war theory. It outlines the main principles of just war theory, including jus ad bellum (justice of resorting to war), jus in bello (just conduct during war), and jus post bellum (justice after war). It also discusses views like realism that are skeptical of applying moral concepts like justice to war. According to just war theory, a war can only be just if it meets criteria like having a just cause, being declared officially and as a last resort, having a reasonable chance of success, and using proportional force.
The document discusses the principles of just war theory, which was developed by Christians in the 5th century to provide moral justification for war. It outlines six criteria for a just war: just cause, competent authority, right intention, last resort, probability of success, and proportionality. Each criterion is explained with examples of just and unjust scenarios. The document concludes by introducing an activity where students will analyze past and potential conflicts using the just war criteria.
The document discusses the concept of just war and religious war. It provides definitions, principles, examples, and arguments related to both. For just war, it outlines criteria for assessing the justice of entering and conducting wars. For religious war, it discusses definitions and examples from Christianity like the Crusades and from Islam like Jihad. It also discusses radical Islamist groups and the concept of holy war in different religions.
Just war - Religious Studies Revision AS JadeMelady
This document provides an overview of the principles of a just war according to just war theory. It discusses the three components of just war theory: Jus ad Bellum (the just cause for war), Jus in Bello (just conduct during war), and Jus post Bellum (justice after war). For a war to be considered just, it must meet criteria like just cause, right intention, proportionality, and using military targets. It also discusses philosophers like Aristotle and Augustine who helped develop the theory of a just war.
The document discusses Just War Theory, outlining its key criteria for determining whether a war can be considered "just". It explains that early Christian approaches were pacifist but that Augustine and Aquinas later developed arguments for use of force. Their criteria included that war must be undertaken as a last resort, for just cause by legitimate authority, intended to establish peace, and conducted humanely. Modern philosophers continue debating how to apply just war theory to today's globalized world of war and terrorism.
This document discusses the principles of a just war according to Christian theology. It outlines the 7 principles of a just war as proper authority, just cause, right intention, last resort, proportionality, reasonable chance of success, and controlled violence. The document provides examples of each principle and has students rank the principles in order of importance. It also has students analyze whether the war in Iraq was just according to these criteria and compare the principles of just war to those of Jihad.
The document discusses whether war can ever be morally justified according to just war theory. It outlines the main principles of just war theory, including jus ad bellum (justice of resorting to war), jus in bello (just conduct during war), and jus post bellum (justice after war). It also discusses views like realism that are skeptical of applying moral concepts like justice to war. According to just war theory, a war can only be just if it meets criteria like having a just cause, being declared officially and as a last resort, having a reasonable chance of success, and using proportional force.
The document discusses the principles of just war theory, which was developed by Christians in the 5th century to provide moral justification for war. It outlines six criteria for a just war: just cause, competent authority, right intention, last resort, probability of success, and proportionality. Each criterion is explained with examples of just and unjust scenarios. The document concludes by introducing an activity where students will analyze past and potential conflicts using the just war criteria.
The document discusses the concept of just war and religious war. It provides definitions, principles, examples, and arguments related to both. For just war, it outlines criteria for assessing the justice of entering and conducting wars. For religious war, it discusses definitions and examples from Christianity like the Crusades and from Islam like Jihad. It also discusses radical Islamist groups and the concept of holy war in different religions.
Just war - Religious Studies Revision AS JadeMelady
This document provides an overview of the principles of a just war according to just war theory. It discusses the three components of just war theory: Jus ad Bellum (the just cause for war), Jus in Bello (just conduct during war), and Jus post Bellum (justice after war). For a war to be considered just, it must meet criteria like just cause, right intention, proportionality, and using military targets. It also discusses philosophers like Aristotle and Augustine who helped develop the theory of a just war.
The document discusses Just War Theory, outlining its key criteria for determining whether a war can be considered "just". It explains that early Christian approaches were pacifist but that Augustine and Aquinas later developed arguments for use of force. Their criteria included that war must be undertaken as a last resort, for just cause by legitimate authority, intended to establish peace, and conducted humanely. Modern philosophers continue debating how to apply just war theory to today's globalized world of war and terrorism.
This document discusses three broad justifications for war: realpolitik, just war theory, and pacifism. It outlines the key principles of just war theory proposed by Thomas Aquinas, including that a war must be declared by a legitimate authority and have a just cause. Realpolitik holds that war is determined by national interests rather than morality. Just war theory argues wars can be morally justified if they meet principles of just cause and conduct. Pacifism believes war can never be justified. The document also examines debates around applying just war theory in practice.
The document discusses different ethical approaches to war, including just war theory, pacifism, and Christian realism. It provides details on the origins and key principles of just war theory as developed by Augustine and Aquinas, including jus ad bellum criteria for a just war and jus in bello principles for just conduct during war. The document also examines pacifism and outlines different types of pacifist positions. It notes criticisms of both just war theory and pacifism and discusses Reinhold Niebuhr's view of Christian realism.
The document discusses various causes of war at different levels of analysis, from the individual to the international system level. At the individual level, human nature and psychology are examined, including innate aggression and the decision-making processes of leaders. At the unit level, factors like domestic politics, nationalism, regime type and economic systems are considered. The system level focuses on the distribution of power between states and the security dilemma. Causes of interstate and intrastate wars are also analyzed. Strategies for managing intrastate wars include power-sharing agreements, federalism, consociationalism and foreign intervention.
Wars have been a part of human history for thousands of years and have become increasingly destructive with advances in technology. Wars are typically fought between countries to achieve objectives through force, but can also be civil wars within a country. There are often many complex and intertwined reasons for wars beginning, rather than single clear causes. Eight main reasons proposed for wars are economic gain, territorial gain, religion, nationalism, revenge, civil war, revolutionary war, and defensive or preemptive war.
This document discusses the nature of war and conflict from theoretical perspectives. It examines Clausewitz's theory that war is an extension of politics and is influenced by the interaction between passion, chance and reason. The document also looks at Jomini's approach to understanding war through universal principles and strategies to achieve victory. Finally, it explores different approaches to analyzing and understanding conflict, including examining the sources of discontent, phases of escalation, and how conflicts can transform into more constructive relations or end in violence.
The document outlines some of the key factors that can contribute to the outbreak of war between nations. It notes that countries may feel their needs for security, resources, land, and power are not being met through diplomacy or international organizations. They may also have fears about their neighbors' intentions and growing power. Along with nationalism and confidence in their military strength, these unmet needs and fears can create the political will for conflict. If a country also has the military capacity in terms of army size, weapons, logistics, technology, and intelligence, it may only take a triggering event and declarations of war for hostilities to break out.
The document outlines several factors that generally contribute to war, including the acceptance of war as inevitable, faith in using force to achieve political goals, the momentum of large military forces, fear of other groups, and the belief that preparing for war is not a choice but an inevitable consequence of others' actions. It also notes that sides in a conflict often view their own war as just while viewing the enemy with supreme conceit and corrupted power.
Carl von Clausewitz was a Prussian military strategist born in 1780. He served in the Prussian and Russian armies against Napoleon. He is most famous for his book "On War" published after his death, which analyzed the political and moral aspects of war. He believed that war is a continuation of politics and developed theories of "absolute war" and the role of the state in limiting war to achieve political goals. His ideas on the nature of war and the relationship between war and politics have been highly influential in military and international relations theory.
This document discusses key questions about war and security, including the causes and justifications of war. It examines the security dilemma concept that states' efforts to increase their own security can paradoxically make others feel less secure and more likely to prepare for conflict. The document also explores different levels of analysis for explaining war, including characteristics of individual leaders, domestic politics and societal factors, and the structure of the international system. It outlines historical trends in warfare and different types of wars. Approaches for managing international security from both liberal and realist perspectives are also summarized.
The document discusses several aspects of globalization including:
1) The economic manifestations include increasing international trade and finance through open doors to free trade and multinational corporations.
2) The political manifestations include globalization questioning the state-centric conception of world politics and increasing interdependence removing borders.
3) The social and cultural manifestations include increasing communication, shared experiences, and the globalization of popular culture through migration and the spread of Western media.
This lecture discusses elements of coercive diplomacy and military coercion. It provides three examples: the Battle of Britain in 1940, the bombing of Germany in WWII, and NATO's air war against Serbia in 1999. The Battle of Britain and bombing of Germany failed to coerce their targets due to miscalculations of pain thresholds and unwillingness of leaders to negotiate. NATO initially struggled against Serbia due to limited attacks and mixed messages, but escalated attacks combined with political isolation eventually coerced Serbia's leader to agree to demands. Effective coercion requires capability, credibility, clear communication, and understanding one's opponent.
By the end of this lecture we should have some understanding of:
what war’s nature is
what forms war takes
what strategy is and who creates it
what constrains it
This document discusses the ethics of war and conflict situations. It begins by defining ethics and outlining key ethical principles. It then poses three questions regarding the ethics of war: 1) Is it ever right to go to war? 2) When is it right to wage war? 3) What is the ethical way to fight a war? The document discusses concepts like just war theory and jus in bello. It outlines international conventions and laws that govern the ethics of war, including prohibitions on torture, inhumane experimentation, and attacks on civilians. The goal of international humanitarian law is to limit suffering during armed conflicts.
How exactly is our country supposed to go to war? Who has the authority? When have we done it? What have recent conflicts been? Has war changed so dramatically that old concepts no longer apply?
The Constitution did address declaring war, giving Congress that power. However, we haven't done it that way in 75 years. What is war? How do we go to war? Are we at war now? All questions that are more and more applicable.
The document appears to be a pre-test for a Civil War unit that asks students 6 multiple choice questions without access to their textbook or help from peers. It provides instructions to start a project at 12 noon and includes questions about the dates of the Civil War, names for the Union and Confederate sides, the winning side, European views of the war, important generals and battles. It also lists potential Civil War project topics for students to choose including advances in technology, famous generals, military life and POWs, the war in the South, the black and female experience.
This document provides a summary of topics covered in a lecture on Western political thought, including:
- Biographies of writers Meridel Le Sueur and photographers Agee & Evans
- An overview of FDR's "Four Freedoms" speech and policies leading up to WWII
- Discussion of post-WWII America's economic prosperity and rise of the Cold War
- Synopses of books by Betty Friedan on women's roles and W.H. Whyte on "Organization Men"
- Mention of the Beat Generation writer J.C. Holmes and rebellion against 1950s conformity
The document discusses different Christian perspectives on war over several centuries. It mentions Jesus' teachings of nonviolence but also discusses the concept of just war. The document presents responses arguing that war can sometimes be necessary to defeat evil but causes suffering, and references Christian views including just war theory and pacifism.
Helen Parmer writes a letter to the President discussing America's involvement in war and combating terror. She acknowledges that while war inevitably causes harm, some military intervention is warranted to prevent stronger countries from oppressing weaker ones. However, she also notes that war divides the country and strains the economy. Ultimately, she believes each situation requires careful consideration of all options to avoid war if possible, but that confronting terrorists who kill civilians is sometimes necessary to prevent the spread of violence.
Game theory is a branch of applied mathematics that studies strategic decision-making between individuals. It was developed in 1944 by mathematicians John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern in their book The Theory of Games and Economic Behavior. Game theory has three main branches: decision theory involving one person, general equilibrium theory involving trade and markets, and mechanism design theory involving rules and incentives. It provides a framework for understanding strategic interactions where an individual's outcome depends on the choices of others.
This document provides an overview of security issues, the changing nature of warfare, terrorism, and dealing with the terrorist threat. It discusses how warfare has shifted from "old wars" between states to "new wars" involving non-state actors. Terrorism is defined as using violence against civilians to effect political change. The growth of air travel, television, and the internet have aided the spread of international terrorism. Causes of terrorism include defending culture from Western influence, economic grievances, and religious motivations. Winning the war on terrorism requires winning the war of ideas through proportionate responses that maintain the moral high ground.
The document discusses key concepts in international relations including the study of relationships between countries, international organizations, and non-state actors. It also examines different theories of international relations such as realism and structuralism. Several moral issues in international relations are explored like war, terrorism, human rights, poverty, and environmental protection.
This document discusses three broad justifications for war: realpolitik, just war theory, and pacifism. It outlines the key principles of just war theory proposed by Thomas Aquinas, including that a war must be declared by a legitimate authority and have a just cause. Realpolitik holds that war is determined by national interests rather than morality. Just war theory argues wars can be morally justified if they meet principles of just cause and conduct. Pacifism believes war can never be justified. The document also examines debates around applying just war theory in practice.
The document discusses different ethical approaches to war, including just war theory, pacifism, and Christian realism. It provides details on the origins and key principles of just war theory as developed by Augustine and Aquinas, including jus ad bellum criteria for a just war and jus in bello principles for just conduct during war. The document also examines pacifism and outlines different types of pacifist positions. It notes criticisms of both just war theory and pacifism and discusses Reinhold Niebuhr's view of Christian realism.
The document discusses various causes of war at different levels of analysis, from the individual to the international system level. At the individual level, human nature and psychology are examined, including innate aggression and the decision-making processes of leaders. At the unit level, factors like domestic politics, nationalism, regime type and economic systems are considered. The system level focuses on the distribution of power between states and the security dilemma. Causes of interstate and intrastate wars are also analyzed. Strategies for managing intrastate wars include power-sharing agreements, federalism, consociationalism and foreign intervention.
Wars have been a part of human history for thousands of years and have become increasingly destructive with advances in technology. Wars are typically fought between countries to achieve objectives through force, but can also be civil wars within a country. There are often many complex and intertwined reasons for wars beginning, rather than single clear causes. Eight main reasons proposed for wars are economic gain, territorial gain, religion, nationalism, revenge, civil war, revolutionary war, and defensive or preemptive war.
This document discusses the nature of war and conflict from theoretical perspectives. It examines Clausewitz's theory that war is an extension of politics and is influenced by the interaction between passion, chance and reason. The document also looks at Jomini's approach to understanding war through universal principles and strategies to achieve victory. Finally, it explores different approaches to analyzing and understanding conflict, including examining the sources of discontent, phases of escalation, and how conflicts can transform into more constructive relations or end in violence.
The document outlines some of the key factors that can contribute to the outbreak of war between nations. It notes that countries may feel their needs for security, resources, land, and power are not being met through diplomacy or international organizations. They may also have fears about their neighbors' intentions and growing power. Along with nationalism and confidence in their military strength, these unmet needs and fears can create the political will for conflict. If a country also has the military capacity in terms of army size, weapons, logistics, technology, and intelligence, it may only take a triggering event and declarations of war for hostilities to break out.
The document outlines several factors that generally contribute to war, including the acceptance of war as inevitable, faith in using force to achieve political goals, the momentum of large military forces, fear of other groups, and the belief that preparing for war is not a choice but an inevitable consequence of others' actions. It also notes that sides in a conflict often view their own war as just while viewing the enemy with supreme conceit and corrupted power.
Carl von Clausewitz was a Prussian military strategist born in 1780. He served in the Prussian and Russian armies against Napoleon. He is most famous for his book "On War" published after his death, which analyzed the political and moral aspects of war. He believed that war is a continuation of politics and developed theories of "absolute war" and the role of the state in limiting war to achieve political goals. His ideas on the nature of war and the relationship between war and politics have been highly influential in military and international relations theory.
This document discusses key questions about war and security, including the causes and justifications of war. It examines the security dilemma concept that states' efforts to increase their own security can paradoxically make others feel less secure and more likely to prepare for conflict. The document also explores different levels of analysis for explaining war, including characteristics of individual leaders, domestic politics and societal factors, and the structure of the international system. It outlines historical trends in warfare and different types of wars. Approaches for managing international security from both liberal and realist perspectives are also summarized.
The document discusses several aspects of globalization including:
1) The economic manifestations include increasing international trade and finance through open doors to free trade and multinational corporations.
2) The political manifestations include globalization questioning the state-centric conception of world politics and increasing interdependence removing borders.
3) The social and cultural manifestations include increasing communication, shared experiences, and the globalization of popular culture through migration and the spread of Western media.
This lecture discusses elements of coercive diplomacy and military coercion. It provides three examples: the Battle of Britain in 1940, the bombing of Germany in WWII, and NATO's air war against Serbia in 1999. The Battle of Britain and bombing of Germany failed to coerce their targets due to miscalculations of pain thresholds and unwillingness of leaders to negotiate. NATO initially struggled against Serbia due to limited attacks and mixed messages, but escalated attacks combined with political isolation eventually coerced Serbia's leader to agree to demands. Effective coercion requires capability, credibility, clear communication, and understanding one's opponent.
By the end of this lecture we should have some understanding of:
what war’s nature is
what forms war takes
what strategy is and who creates it
what constrains it
This document discusses the ethics of war and conflict situations. It begins by defining ethics and outlining key ethical principles. It then poses three questions regarding the ethics of war: 1) Is it ever right to go to war? 2) When is it right to wage war? 3) What is the ethical way to fight a war? The document discusses concepts like just war theory and jus in bello. It outlines international conventions and laws that govern the ethics of war, including prohibitions on torture, inhumane experimentation, and attacks on civilians. The goal of international humanitarian law is to limit suffering during armed conflicts.
How exactly is our country supposed to go to war? Who has the authority? When have we done it? What have recent conflicts been? Has war changed so dramatically that old concepts no longer apply?
The Constitution did address declaring war, giving Congress that power. However, we haven't done it that way in 75 years. What is war? How do we go to war? Are we at war now? All questions that are more and more applicable.
The document appears to be a pre-test for a Civil War unit that asks students 6 multiple choice questions without access to their textbook or help from peers. It provides instructions to start a project at 12 noon and includes questions about the dates of the Civil War, names for the Union and Confederate sides, the winning side, European views of the war, important generals and battles. It also lists potential Civil War project topics for students to choose including advances in technology, famous generals, military life and POWs, the war in the South, the black and female experience.
This document provides a summary of topics covered in a lecture on Western political thought, including:
- Biographies of writers Meridel Le Sueur and photographers Agee & Evans
- An overview of FDR's "Four Freedoms" speech and policies leading up to WWII
- Discussion of post-WWII America's economic prosperity and rise of the Cold War
- Synopses of books by Betty Friedan on women's roles and W.H. Whyte on "Organization Men"
- Mention of the Beat Generation writer J.C. Holmes and rebellion against 1950s conformity
The document discusses different Christian perspectives on war over several centuries. It mentions Jesus' teachings of nonviolence but also discusses the concept of just war. The document presents responses arguing that war can sometimes be necessary to defeat evil but causes suffering, and references Christian views including just war theory and pacifism.
Helen Parmer writes a letter to the President discussing America's involvement in war and combating terror. She acknowledges that while war inevitably causes harm, some military intervention is warranted to prevent stronger countries from oppressing weaker ones. However, she also notes that war divides the country and strains the economy. Ultimately, she believes each situation requires careful consideration of all options to avoid war if possible, but that confronting terrorists who kill civilians is sometimes necessary to prevent the spread of violence.
Game theory is a branch of applied mathematics that studies strategic decision-making between individuals. It was developed in 1944 by mathematicians John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern in their book The Theory of Games and Economic Behavior. Game theory has three main branches: decision theory involving one person, general equilibrium theory involving trade and markets, and mechanism design theory involving rules and incentives. It provides a framework for understanding strategic interactions where an individual's outcome depends on the choices of others.
This document provides an overview of security issues, the changing nature of warfare, terrorism, and dealing with the terrorist threat. It discusses how warfare has shifted from "old wars" between states to "new wars" involving non-state actors. Terrorism is defined as using violence against civilians to effect political change. The growth of air travel, television, and the internet have aided the spread of international terrorism. Causes of terrorism include defending culture from Western influence, economic grievances, and religious motivations. Winning the war on terrorism requires winning the war of ideas through proportionate responses that maintain the moral high ground.
The document discusses key concepts in international relations including the study of relationships between countries, international organizations, and non-state actors. It also examines different theories of international relations such as realism and structuralism. Several moral issues in international relations are explored like war, terrorism, human rights, poverty, and environmental protection.
The document discusses nonviolent action as a realistic alternative to violence in conflicts. It provides examples of nonviolent struggles throughout history against oppressive regimes, occupations, and dictatorships. The key points are:
- Nonviolent action has been successfully used across many cultures and eras as a powerful means of waging conflicts without violence.
- Examples include resistance to Nazi occupation, the US civil rights movement, anti-apartheid struggles in South Africa, and movements that overthrew dictatorships in the Philippines, Eastern Europe, and Serbia.
- For nonviolent action to be a viable alternative to violence, it needs to be able to effectively address "hard cases" like opposing oppression,
The document discusses developing a realistic alternative to war and other violence for resolving acute conflicts where fundamental issues are at stake. It argues that nonviolent action provides a substitute for violence that is a powerful means of waging conflict without relying on war. Nonviolent action has been successfully used across many cultures and centuries in a variety of conflicts against oppression, dictatorship, invasion, and other threats. When fundamental issues are involved, nonviolent action can replace violence as the means of last resort for defending principles or existence without submitting to the opponent.
The document discusses different perspectives on war from a Christian viewpoint. It outlines the views of pacifism and nonresistance, which see war as always immoral. It also discusses the just war theory, which argues that a war can be justified if it meets criteria such as just cause, right intention, and being a last resort. The document also discusses perspectives that see man as responsible for war due to wickedness and selfishness, but that God is still sovereign over events and will bring about justice.
Kyler Parks presents information on perspectives regarding war and international armed conflict. There are generally considered to be three main views: pro-war, anti-war, and a middle ground. The pro-war view supports using war to solve political issues and believes war has benefits. The anti-war view opposes using war and believes the negatives outweigh any benefits. Those in the middle acknowledge war sometimes has merits but also significant downsides. The document explores arguments for and against each perspective in more depth. In conclusion, Parks personally leans toward the anti-war view, wishing nations could find alternative ways to settle differences without ongoing warfare.
The document discusses the just war theory and criteria for determining whether a war is morally justifiable. It outlines the principles of jus ad bellum (justice of war), jus in bello (justice in war), and jus post bellum (justice after war). For a war to be considered just under jus ad bellum, it must have just cause, competent authority, right intention, probability of success, be a last resort, and have proportionality between the good expected and harm caused. Jus in bello requires distinction between combatants and non-combatants, proportionality of violence used, and humane treatment of prisoners. Jus post bellum involves justice, accountability, and reconciliation after the war's conclusion.
The document discusses the criteria for a just war according to just war theory, including jus ad bellum (justice of war) and jus in bello (justice in war). For a war to be just, it requires a just cause, competent authority, right intention, probability of success, last resort, and proportionality. During war, distinction must be made between combatants and non-combatants, proportionality in attacks is required, and military necessity guides what is a legitimate target. Prisoners must be treated humanely. After war, justice requires peace treaties, reconstruction, trials, and reparations. Overall, war should only be an absolute last resort according to Catholic teachings.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
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How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
1. J us t & Unj us t
Wrs
a
Philosophy 314
D. Bühler
October 1, 2013
2. J us t & Unj us t W r s
a
2
•
The phrase “Just War” is bandied about by
politicians, the media, historians, and church
officials in discussions of the Iraq war. However, we
do not often hear the actual criteria of just war
theory — or a critical evaluation of how it is
applied. We ought to understand the criteria that
have guided both secular and religious debate about
war, keeping in mind that war has meant the death
of hundreds to millions of specific human lives like
our own. Here are criteria for just war, as well as
a view of this concept from a general ethical
perspective, plus activities to apply the criteria to a
current situation, and to challenge our perspectives.
3. J us t & Unj us t W r s
a
3
JUST WAR CRITERIA
BEFORE A WAR:
1. The war must be a LAST RESORT. Every effort at
negotiation and arbitration must have been tried.
2. The war must have a JUST CAUSE — to protect the
innocent and to defend us against unjust demands
and/or imminent threats of force.
•
4. J us t & Unj us t W r s
a
4
JUST WAR CRITERIA
3. The war must be waged by a . . .
LEGITIMATE AUTHORITY
4. It must be . . .
FORMALLY DECLARED
.
5. J us t & Unj us t W r s
a
5
JUST WAR CRITERIA
5. It must be fought with PEACEFUL
INTENTIONS. It cannot be waged by a
crusade mentality, self interest, or pride, but
must be for the well-being of all people.
6. There must be a reasonable HOPE OF
SUCCESS. The goals must be achievable
without squandering the life and property of
the people.
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JUST WAR CRITERIA
7. The means used must be
PROPORTIONATE
to the ends sought. War must NEVER
cause unnecessary destruction or
“collateral” damage that outweighs
the final good the war seeks to achieve.
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During the war:
• NONCOMBATANTS must be given
immunity. No harm is to be done to those
who can do no harm (civilians).
• PRISONERS must be treated humanely.
• INTERNATIONAL TREATIES and/or
Conventions must be honored.
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If we made full use of the principles of
Just War, the quality of our moral
deliberation about conflict would
improve. This can help us think
ethically about the tendency of any
society to justify its own violence,
assist us to confront all the various
effects of violence, and encourage us to
creatively seek alternatives.
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Christians (also) critically examine these
criteria in light of the Ethic of Love,
Forgiveness, and the Sanctity of each
human life. Jesus lived a life of love and
taught his followers to use nonviolence in
their struggle for justice. This message
can even transcend mere “just war “
thinking to engage alternatives ideas like
“Just Peace” thinking or Christian
Nonviolence.
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In the past our justifications for war have
sometimes been faulty, e.g.:
• Following the Spanish-American war,
the Philippines were handed over from
Spanish to US control. When Philippine
citizens resisted, the U.S went to war
against them from 1899-1902.
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The rhetoric at the time was that they were
an “uncivilized” people who would benefit
from the hand of the US government and
Christianity--and it would also open up new
economic options. To growing protest at
home, the US army wiped out dozens of
towns. An estimated one-third of the
population was killed. What was once
considered a justifiable war is now seen by
most historians as a bloody war of self
interest. One looks in vain for a war that
wasn’t considered ‘Just’ by the leading public
figures of the day.
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VALUES versus THEORY
Whether or not a war meets Just War Criteria,
violence has drastic consequences for us as
humans, and for society, our earth, and our
future. Use these quotations as discussion
starters for erxploring the call in the Sermon
on the Mount to become peacemakers. (Use
in small group or all together.
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VALUES versus THEORY
“If we are honest, we find the
temptation to vengeance in our
own hearts. Yet we know that the
first real victim of violence is the
perpetrator. What Gandhi said is
true: ‘An eye for an eye results only
in two blind persons.’”
Mary Evelyn Jegen (see also Matthew 7:1-5)
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VALUES versus THEORY
“All discussions of “just war” start
with the assumption that war can
be justifiable. This is a
reprehensible assumption. What if
we had discussions of “just
slavery” or “just sexism”?
John Stoner (see also Matthew 5: 38-45)
-
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VALUES versus THEORY
“Violence can never stop violence because
its very success leads others to imitate it.
Ironically, violence is most dangerous
when it succeeds.”
- Walter Wink (see also Matthew 26:52)
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VALUES versus THEORY
The followers of Christ have been called
to peace…. And they must not only
have peace but make it. To that end
they renounce all violence and tumult.
In the cause of Christ nothing is to be
gained by such methods.”
- Dietrich Bonhoeffer (see also 1Peter 3:11)
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VALUES versus THEORY
“You can no more win a war
than you can win an
earthquake.”
- Jeanette Rankin (see also Micah 4:2-4)
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VALUES versus THEORY
“It all really boils down to this:
that all life is interrelated. We are all
caught in an inescapable network of
mutuality, tied into a single garment of
destiny. Whatever affects one directly,
affects all indirectly.”
- Martin Luther King, Jr.
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Applying the Criteria
War with Iraq: “Was” or is it a Just War?
Compare & Contrast:
WW II
Vietnam Wars
Persian Fulf War
“War on Terror”
“Coming Wars” (S. Hersh)
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Applying the Criteria
Small Group Discussions:
Each group has the task of applying their criteria to
war with Iraq, and deciding whether the war does
or did not meet that standard.
Share the questions below, and ask the group
questions of your own. After 10-15 minutes, have
report your conclusions. Invite the rest of the
group to raise questions to encourage critical
thinking. Conclude with a group reflection on the
main question:
Was or is the Iraq War Just?
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Applying the Criteria
Small Group Discussions:
1.War must be a Last Resort: Did we try negotiation
and nonviolent intervention before using violence?
Are there any alternatives we missed?
2. War must have a Just Cause: What is a just cause?
Who has authority to decide? What if both sides
think their cause is just?
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Applying the Criteria
Small Group Discussions:
3. War must be waged by a Legitimate Authority:
What role did or should the UN play? How do
citizens give their government authority?
4. War must be Formally Declared: Did the US
Congress declare war? What should the process
be? What are the pros and cons of the US
process? Could it ever be “too” democratic?
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Applying the Criteria
Small Group Discussions:
5. It must be fought with Peaceful Intentions:
How could war affect the long-term well-being
of people in Iraq, the US, the world? What might
be our true motivation?
6. There must be reasonable Prospect of Success:
What is the goal? What could be the costs and
for whom? Who decides what success is?
Who pays for it all? In money? In lives?
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Applying the Criteria
Small Group Discussions:
5. It must be fought with Peaceful Intentions:
How could war affect the long-term well-being
of people in Iraq, the US, the world? What might
be our true motivation?
6. There must be reasonable Prospect of Success:
What is the goal? What could be the costs and
for whom? Who decides what success is?
Who pays for it all? In money? In lives?
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Applying the Criteria
Small Group Discussions:
7. Means must be Proportionate to
Ends: What does Proportionality
mean? Will the goal outweigh the
destruction?
8. Noncombatants must be given
Immunity: Are the lives of civilians
protected? How is this be done?
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Applying the Criteria
Small Group Discussions:
9. Prisoners must be treated humanely:
What does this mean? What are their
rights?
10. International Treaties must be
honored: Are we breaking any
international agreements? How could
we be sure? Why honor Agreements?
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Applying the Criteria
Small Group Discussions:
11. The defeated are to be shown Mercy: Are we
confident the US public supports the cost of
rebuilding Iraq?
12. Was there a “revenge” motive at work in
this war? If so, it was not “just.”
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Web Sites:
http://www.paxchristiusa.org/
http://www.usccb.org/
http://members.tripod.com/~lutheran_peace/
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Further Reading:
M. Walzer, Arguing about War (2004).