Here are the key points of Just War Theory:
- War can only be waged as a last resort after exhausting all non-violent options.
- It must be declared by a legitimate authority, not individuals or groups.
- The cause must be just, such as self-defense against armed attack, with the sole intent being to address the injustice.
- There must be a reasonable chance of success to avoid needless deaths or injuries.
- The ultimate goal must be to re-establish peace, which is preferable to what would have happened without the war.
- Only proportional force can be used to achieve the limited objective of addressing the injustice.
- Weapons must discriminate
Following US president Donald Trump’s ascension to power, the world has seen a sharp rise in hate crimes against Muslims and other minorities.
A 2016 Georgetown University report documented the effects of Trump’s campaign rhetoric on his supporters. Whilst 2015 saw the sharpest increase in documented hate crimes (180 offences), new reports continue trickling into various watchdog sources.
As Trump fights to keep his travel ban in place and various US officials begin dialogue with foreign nationals, many are keeping a watchful eye on events surrounding the Muslim world.
The Charlie Hebdo, Bataclan, German Christmas Market, Orlando gay nightclub and other violent terrorist attacks have compounded societal divisions, spurring bitter resentment between various denominations of Western society, with secular and moderate Muslims caught in the crossfire.
Many are unsure as to how to ameliorate the crisis. Sections of the Left have tried to accommodate refugees fleeing hostile war zones within the MENA region, whilst far-right factions have pushed for legislation to close the borders and stave off further terrorist attacks. With no end in sight, all sides remain vigilant against new provocations.
The following SlideShare attempts to explain the root causes of Islamophobia.
About ALLRIOT:
Allriot is a sweatshop-free statement t-shirt website. We don't mince the words we say, or the designs we print.
This month we're taking on Islamophobia with our ACLU fundraiser campaign - #ThisMeansLove.
In light of Führer Trump’s disgraceful visa ban on six Muslim countries, we’ve decided to try a little ‘social experiment’ in order to expose the reactions of people towards Muslims, in the US, UK and elsewhere.
Your mission, should you accept, is to engage others by wearing it for a few days, especially in crowded places such as workplaces, malls, concerts, and throngs of bustling, open-mouthed gawkers, etc.
Try different methodologies. Lollygag. Hug your local Sheik. Flash mob (the more, the merrier). Most importantly, just be yourself, but stay safe. Record your observations using our template, either via a journal, blog, social media, video, or with an old-fashioned pen and paper.
In return, you’ll get some kickass free stuff, vouchers, a spot on our social media. The first 20 people to submit their entries will get a full reimbursement on their purchase.
50% of all will be donated to ACLU.
Good luck and happy hunting!
This Means Love t-shirt: https://www.allriot.com/shop/means-love-anti-islamophobia-t-shirt-0
Full Islamophobia Explainer: https://www.allriot.com/lets-talk-about-islamophobia
#ThisMeansLove fundraiser: https://www.allriot.com/this-means-love
Following US president Donald Trump’s ascension to power, the world has seen a sharp rise in hate crimes against Muslims and other minorities.
A 2016 Georgetown University report documented the effects of Trump’s campaign rhetoric on his supporters. Whilst 2015 saw the sharpest increase in documented hate crimes (180 offences), new reports continue trickling into various watchdog sources.
As Trump fights to keep his travel ban in place and various US officials begin dialogue with foreign nationals, many are keeping a watchful eye on events surrounding the Muslim world.
The Charlie Hebdo, Bataclan, German Christmas Market, Orlando gay nightclub and other violent terrorist attacks have compounded societal divisions, spurring bitter resentment between various denominations of Western society, with secular and moderate Muslims caught in the crossfire.
Many are unsure as to how to ameliorate the crisis. Sections of the Left have tried to accommodate refugees fleeing hostile war zones within the MENA region, whilst far-right factions have pushed for legislation to close the borders and stave off further terrorist attacks. With no end in sight, all sides remain vigilant against new provocations.
The following SlideShare attempts to explain the root causes of Islamophobia.
About ALLRIOT:
Allriot is a sweatshop-free statement t-shirt website. We don't mince the words we say, or the designs we print.
This month we're taking on Islamophobia with our ACLU fundraiser campaign - #ThisMeansLove.
In light of Führer Trump’s disgraceful visa ban on six Muslim countries, we’ve decided to try a little ‘social experiment’ in order to expose the reactions of people towards Muslims, in the US, UK and elsewhere.
Your mission, should you accept, is to engage others by wearing it for a few days, especially in crowded places such as workplaces, malls, concerts, and throngs of bustling, open-mouthed gawkers, etc.
Try different methodologies. Lollygag. Hug your local Sheik. Flash mob (the more, the merrier). Most importantly, just be yourself, but stay safe. Record your observations using our template, either via a journal, blog, social media, video, or with an old-fashioned pen and paper.
In return, you’ll get some kickass free stuff, vouchers, a spot on our social media. The first 20 people to submit their entries will get a full reimbursement on their purchase.
50% of all will be donated to ACLU.
Good luck and happy hunting!
This Means Love t-shirt: https://www.allriot.com/shop/means-love-anti-islamophobia-t-shirt-0
Full Islamophobia Explainer: https://www.allriot.com/lets-talk-about-islamophobia
#ThisMeansLove fundraiser: https://www.allriot.com/this-means-love
हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
27052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
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role of women and girls in various terror groupssadiakorobi2
Women have three distinct types of involvement: direct involvement in terrorist acts; enabling of others to commit such acts; and facilitating the disengagement of others from violent or extremist groups.
Welcome to the new Mizzima Weekly !
Mizzima Media Group is pleased to announce the relaunch of Mizzima Weekly. Mizzima is dedicated to helping our readers and viewers keep up to date on the latest developments in Myanmar and related to Myanmar by offering analysis and insight into the subjects that matter. Our websites and our social media channels provide readers and viewers with up-to-the-minute and up-to-date news, which we don’t necessarily need to replicate in our Mizzima Weekly magazine. But where we see a gap is in providing more analysis, insight and in-depth coverage of Myanmar, that is of particular interest to a range of readers.
ys jagan mohan reddy political career, Biography.pdfVoterMood
Yeduguri Sandinti Jagan Mohan Reddy, often referred to as Y.S. Jagan Mohan Reddy, is an Indian politician who currently serves as the Chief Minister of the state of Andhra Pradesh. He was born on December 21, 1972, in Pulivendula, Andhra Pradesh, to Yeduguri Sandinti Rajasekhara Reddy (popularly known as YSR), a former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, and Y.S. Vijayamma.
Future Of Fintech In India | Evolution Of Fintech In IndiaTheUnitedIndian
Navigating the Future of Fintech in India: Insights into how AI, blockchain, and digital payments are driving unprecedented growth in India's fintech industry, redefining financial services and accessibility.
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
2. Although the United States has not imposed conscription since 1973, the government can still legally
do so. Currently, all male U.S. residents and citizens must register with the Selective Service, upon turning
eighteen, providing a record that can be used in future drafts. However, exemptions can be made for
those found physically unfit for combat or those who are found to be “conscientious objectors” to war and
morally opposed to combat. Those exempted may serve in roles that do not require using weapons (such
as providing medical aid) or participate in other forms of national service such as “conservation, caring for
the very young or very old, education, [or] healthcare.” Those who object to even these forms of service
can face time in prison.
Throughout U.S. history, the requirements for having one’s “conscientious objector” status recognized
have varied. Since the beginning of military service in local militias, exemptions were provided for those
who were members of certain churches that obligated pacifism, such as the Mennonites, Amish, Quakers,
and the Church of the Brethren. Although members of non-Christian religions that prohibit participation in
combat were also exempted from conscription, potential objectors still had to carefully describe the creed
or official statements of their religion, sect, or organization that prohibited participation in combat.
Stephen Carey, born in Philadelphia in 1915 to a Quaker family, received a draft notice in 1942, in the
midst of World War II. He claimed and obtained conscientious objector status because of his religious
beliefs, and served in civilian work camps throughout the war.
In 1970, during the Vietnam War, the Supreme Court significantly expanded the number of people who
could legally be exempted from military service. In Welsh v. United States, the Court ruled that the
defendant, Welsh, who had refused to be inducted into the military because he opposed all actions in
which people killed others – including war – could be exempt from military service for purely secular
reasons. Non-religious conscientious objectors could be recognized as long as their moral views were
“held with the same strength of traditional religious convictions.” A second Supreme Court case in 1971,
Gillette v. United States, established limits to the liberalized conscientious objector status laws. That
decision affirmed that exemption from military service could be granted for secular reasons but could not
be granted to those whose objections were based solely on their perceived “justness” of the war in
question.
Stephen Carey would probably have agreed with the finding in Welsh, but he may have taken issue
with the finding in Gillette. ''I have no illusions that my pacifist views are going to prevail, none at all,''
Carey said. ''But every great change in expanding the dimensions of human freedom has come from very
3. Definition
“A firm, fixed, and sincere objection to participation in war in any
form or the bearing of arms, by reason of religious training and/or
belief.”
In any form: all war, not just a particular war(s)
religious: includes moral and ethical beliefs that have the same
force in a person’s life as traditional religious beliefs; does not
include political views
training and/or belief: source of conviction; the experiences and
values you hold that do not allow you to participate in military service
or the bearing of arms; may come from organized religion,
experiences, etc.
*Beliefs have to change changed, or “crystalized,” since
4. Discussion Questions
• Under what circumstances, if any, should someone
be able to object to military service?
• Can one legitimately object to serving in a “just
war”? How would a “just war” be defined?
5. One Soldier’s Inner Struggle
http://www.pbs.org/pov/soldiersofconscience/video_cla
ssroom2.php
• Aidan Delgado, an Iraq War veteran, remembers
finding out about the September 11 attacks, his
indoctrination in basic training and contemplating the
morality of killing another human being. Ultimately,
he questions whether he can kill without giving into
hatred.
7. History of Conscientious
Objection Research
• One completed question sheet per group
• Group 1: Revolutionary War and Civil War
• Group 2: World War I and World War II
• Group 3: Korean War, Vietnam War, and Post-Vietnam
Era/Persian Gulf War
• Group 4: Present Day and Historic Peace Churches
• Group 5: Women
• Answer each of the 4 questions listed for each of the
wars/groups listed in the heading of your group’s article.
• Write your names on the question sheet!
8. The Problem with
Conscientious Objectors
http://www.pbs.org/pov/soldiersofconscience/video_cla
ssroom4.php
• Major Pete Kilner, a veteran of the Iraq War,
comments on what he believes to be the
fundamental problem with conscientiously objecting
to war: If a person decides to not protect himself
out of principle, that is one thing, but is it
acceptable to not fight when it puts someone
else in danger?
9. Sometimes Killing Is
Morally Justified
http://www.pbs.org/pov/soldiersofconscience/video_cla
ssroom5.php#.UoDawxai3ww
• Maj. Pete Kilner argues that in particular situations,
war is not only justified, it is the morally right
situation. Human dignity, he explains, is worth
nothing if it is not defended.
10. What if the Good Samaritan
hade come sooner?
http://www.pbs.org/pov/soldiersofconscience/video_cla
ssroom6.php#.UoDa7Bai3ww
• Maj. Pete Kilner recalls the Biblical story of The
Good Samaritan. Had the Good Samaritan arrived
earlier in the story, when the victim was still
being beaten, would it have been the Christian
thing to do to use (possibly lethal) force to stop
the beating?
12. Just War Theory
• A doctrine of military ethics of Roman philosophical
and Catholic origin
• Holds that a violent conflict must meet the following
conditions:
13. Can only be waged as a last resort. All non-violent options must be exhausted
before the use of force can be justified.
Must be waged by a legitimate authority. Even just causes cannot be served by
actions taken by individuals or groups who do not constitute an authority sanctioned
by whatever the society and outsiders to the society deem legitimate.
Can only be fought to redress a wrong suffered. For example, self-defense
against an armed attack is always considered to be a just cause (although the
justice of the cause is not sufficient--see point #4). Further, a just war can only be
fought with "right" intentions: the only permissible objective of a just war is to
redress the injury.
Can only be fought with a reasonable chance of success. Deaths and injury
incurred in a hopeless cause are not morally justifiable.
Ultimate goal must be to re-establish peace; peace established after the war must
be preferable to the peace that would have prevailed if the war had not been fought.
Violence used must be proportional to the injury suffered; prohibited from using
force not necessary to attain the limited objective of addressing the injury suffered.
Weapons used must discriminate between combatants and non-combatants.
Civilians are never permissible targets of war, and every effort must be taken to
avoid killing civilians. The deaths of civilians are justified only if they are
unavoidable victims of a deliberate attack on a military target.