The document provides an overview of computer components, including input/output devices, memory, storage, and networking. It highlights the role and functionality of the CPU, describing its processes and importance in overall computer performance. Additionally, it discusses the impact of computers on society, noting both transformative effects and concerns related to privacy and job displacement.

1. COMPONENT OF THE COMPUTERS
•OBJECTIVE
AT THE END OF THE LESSON THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO
A. UNDERSTAND THE COMPONENT OF COMPUTER
B. IDENTIFY THE DIFFERENT USE OF THE COMPUTERS
C. KNOW THE DIFFERENT FUNCTION OF THE COMPUTERS

2. •Input Devices: Allow users to provide information to
the computer, such as keyboards, mice, touchscreens, and
scanners.
•Output Devices: Display the results of computer processing, such as
monitors, printers, and speakers.
•Memory: Stores data and instructions temporarily while the computer is
running. There are two main types:
•RAM (Random Access Memory): Fast memory used for active programs
and data.
•ROM (Read Only Memory): Stores permanent instructions that the
computer needs to start up.
•Storage Devices: Store data permanently, such as hard drives, solid-state
drives, and USB drives.
•Networking: Enables computers to connect and communicate with each
other, forming networks like the internet.

3. TYPE OF COMPUTERS
• Personal Computers (PCs): Designed for individual use, typically for
tasks like word processing, browsing the internet, and playing games.
• Laptops: Portable PCs that are smaller and lighter than desktops.
• Mainframes: Large, powerful computers used by organizations for
high-volume data processing and complex calculations.
• Supercomputers: The most powerful computers, used for scientific
research, weather forecasting, and other demanding tasks.
• Mobile Devices: Smartphones and tablets, which combine computing
power with communication capabilities.

4. Impact on Society
• Computers have had a profound impact on society, transforming how
we live, work, and communicate. They have revolutionized industries,
facilitated global communication, and provided access to vast
amounts of information.
•
However, their widespread use has also raised concerns about
privacy, security, and the potential for job displacement.

5. WHAT IS CPU
• he CPU (Central Processing Unit) is often called the "brain" of a computer. It's the most important
component, responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations. Think of it as the
conductor of an orchestra, directing all the other components to work together.
Here's a breakdown of what the CPU does:
• Fetching and Decoding Instructions: The CPU retrieves instructions from memory, which are
written in a language it understands. It then decodes these instructions to determine what actions
need to be taken.
• Performing Calculations: The CPU carries out mathematical operations (addition, subtraction,
multiplication, division) and logical operations (comparisons, decision-making) based on the
instructions.
• Managing Data: The CPU manages the flow of data between different components of the
computer, such as memory, storage devices, and input/output devices.
• Controlling the System: The CPU acts as the central control unit, coordinating the activities of all
other components within the computer.

6. Features and Components
• Cores: Modern CPUs often have multiple cores, allowing them to
execute multiple tasks simultaneously. This improves performance
and efficiency.
• Clock Speed: Measured in gigahertz (GHz), the clock speed indicates
how fast the CPU can process instructions. Higher clock speeds
generally mean faster performance.
• Cache: A small, fast memory that stores frequently used data and
instructions, allowing the CPU to access them quickly.
• Instruction Set: The set of commands that the CPU understands and
can execute. Different CPUs have different instruction sets.

7. How the CPU Works
• The CPU operates on a cycle called the fetch-decode-execute cycle:
•
Fetch: The CPU retrieves the next instruction from memory.
• Decode: The CPU decodes the instruction to determine what operation
it needs to perform.
• Execute: The CPU carries out the specified operation, using data from
memory or input devices.
•
This cycle repeats continuously, allowing the CPU to process
instructions and perform calculations at a very high speed.

8. Impact on Computer Performance
•The CPU plays a crucial role in determining the
overall speed and performance of a computer. A
faster CPU can handle more complex tasks, run
multiple programs simultaneously, and provide a
smoother user experience.