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CJS 251 Entire Course(June 2020)
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CJS 251 Week 1 Discussion Dual Court System
CJS 251 Week 2 Signature Assignment The Courts and Courtroom
Actors
CJS 251 Week 2 Discussion Courtroom Workgroups
CJS 251 Week 3 Discussion The Jury System

CJS 251 Week 3 Signature Assignment Criminal Trial Process
CJS 251 Week 4 Discussion Punishment
CJS 251 Week 5 Discussion Wrongful Convictions
CJS 251 Week 5 Signature Assignment Issues with Sentencing, Post-
Conviction Relief, and Due Process
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CJS 251 Week 1 Concept Check
Question 1
Which of the following is NOT a problem confronting lower courts?
1. inadequate financing
2. unbalanced caseloads
3. inadequate facilities
4. strict court procedures

Question 2
Which of the following is NOT true of federal district court judges?
1. They are nominated by the President.
2. They must be confirmed by the U.S. Senate.
3. They must reside in their district.
4. They are appointed for eight-year terms.
Question 3

Lower courts handle what stages of felony cases?
1. the final stages
2. the intermediate stages
3. the appeal stages
4. the preliminary stages
Question 4
The state court systems are most often structured in what way?
1. Locally

2. centrally
3. logically
4. evenly
Question 5
Criminal justice is best viewed as a system and a:
1. conglomerate
2. business
3. nonsystem

4. victim’s agency
6
Question 6
Courts can be classified according to their function (rather than
jurisdiction) as:
1. local, state, and federal courts
2. substantive and procedural courts
3. national and multinational courts
4. trial and appeals courts

Question 7
The primary justification for providing constitutional safeguards in the
criminal justice process is to ensure that:
1. innocent persons are not harassed or wrongly convicted

2. the guilty are punished
3. society administers justice to the accused
4. convictions are not overturned on appeal
Question 8
How many layers exist in a typical court system?
1. two
2. three
3. four

What is the name given to the particular location or area in which a court
having geographic jurisdiction may hear a case?
1. venue
2. stay
3. venire
4. federal question
1
Question 10
Heavy caseloads of the federal courts result in which problem(s)?
1. burdens those who work in the courts
2. delay cases for litigants

3. burdens those who work in the courts and delays cases for
litigants
4. None of these answers is correct.
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Discussion Topic
Post a total of 3 substantive responses over 2 separate days for full
participation. This includes your initial post and 2 replies to classmates
or your faculty member.

Due Thursday
Respond to the following in a minimum of 175 words:
How would the criminal justice system be different today if the founding
fathers had decided not to create a separate system of federal courts and
instead allowed federal laws to be enforced in state courts?
Why the dual court system? What are the benefits? What are the
constraints?
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Test Content
Complete the Week 2 Concept Check covering Ch. 5-9. You have
unlimited attempts to take the quiz.

Question 1
Which type of law do most lawyers practice?
1.
environmental law
2.
civil law
3.
criminal law

4.
nonprofit law
Question 2
Which concept stresses the importance of the patterned interactions of
judges, prosecutors, and defense attorneys?
1.
the courthouse dynamics concept
2.

the courtroom workgroup concept
3.
the plea-bargaining concept
4.
the assembly-line justice concept
Question 3
Members of the courtroom work group become frustrated when victims
and witnesses:
1.

do not cooperate
2.
are intimidated by the defendant’s friends
3.
are intimidated by the defendant
4.
All of these answers are correct
Question 4

The three most prominent defendant characteristics used in the
discussion of crime and crime policy are:
1.
age, race, and marital status
2.
race, education, and income
3.
family background, sex, and age
4.
sex, poverty, and race

Question 5
Who is the record keeper for the court, often responsible for summoning
potential jurors?
1.
law clerk
2.
clerk of court
3.
court reporter

4.
Secretary
Question 6
The method by which defense attorneys seek to reach the best possible
solution for their clients is directly related to their relationships with
other members of:

1.
the prosecutor’s office
2.
the police department
3.
their law office
4.
the courtroom work group
Question 7

Which of the following statements is true regarding the U.S. Supreme
Court’s decision in Gideon v. Wainwright?
1.
The decision was highly controversial.
2.
The Court focused on the need for a lawyer at all stages of the criminal
justice system.
3.
The Court decided that judges could not prevent a defendant from
bringing a lawyer to court.
4.

The Court declared that lawyers in criminal courts are necessities, not
luxuries.
Question 8
Which of the following is a serious problem that public attorneys face in
dealing with their clients?
1.
refusal to cooperate
2.
dishonesty
3.

deception
4.
All of these are serious problems public attorneys face in dealing with
their clients.
Question 9
With regard to judicial elections, the U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that:
1.
race is a permissible consideration in drawing congressional voting
districts

2.
judges cannot be elected in ways that place minority candidates at an
unfair disadvantage
3.
it is legal to elect judges from an entire judicial district, which may
unfortunately dilute black voting strength
4.
those who draw election districts must consider whether white voters are
likely to vote for minority candidates
Question 10

Which form of judicial selection requires judges to face a retention
ballot after a short time in office?
1.
partisan election
2.
gubernatorial appointment
3.
merit selection
4.
legislative appointment
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Discussion Topic
Due Thursday
Place yourself in the position of a felony court prosecutor. In what ways
does the cooperation of other members of the courtroom workgroup
work to your benefit? How would your answer be different if you
approached the question from the vantage point of the judge or the
defense attorney?

Discussion questions printed with permission from Cengage Learning.
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CJS 251 Week 2 Signature Assignment The Courts and
Courtroom Actors
Signature Assignment The Courts and Courtroom Actors
Assignment Content
Top of Form
There are different actors in the courtroom, and each has a specific role
in how a trial or session will progress. There are also differences
between the federal and state courts that are important to understand. In
this assignment, you will outline details about the actors in the
courtroom and federal and state courts. You will gain an understanding

of the courts that will prepare you to participate in the courtroom
process.
Imagine you are a court administrator for the local superior court. You
have been asked to speak to a high school civics class. Specifically, the
teacher would like you to provide a general overview of federal and state
courts and discuss the primary actors in each court system.
Create an 8- to 10-slide Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentation in which
you:
Identify actors in the courtroom.
Who are the actors in federal courts and state courts? (Include actors the
two courts have incommon and any actors who are different.)
What are their responsibilities?
Why is it important for these responsibilities to be fulfilled adequately?
(Consider the effect of overzealousness compared to the effect of
underperformance.)
Identify what is different between these actors in federal courts from the
same actors in the state courts.

Judges
Defense attorneys
Prosecutors
Juries
Contrast federal and state (your state or the state you’re from) courts
(consider creating a diagram/chart/table).
Structure
Jurisdiction
Roles of each court
Case types
*Aesthetics and graphic files add great value*
Include detailed speaker notes and at least 1 illustration, such as a chart,
diagram, table, etc.

Cite a minimum of 2 sources (one source for state courts and one source
for federal courts).
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Test Content
1.
Question 1
4 Points

Throughout a case, decisions on bail, indictment, and screening are
based on what knowledge?
1.
Most defendants are guilty.
2.
Most defendants end up pleading.
3.
Most defendants are innocent.
4.
Most defendants go to trial.

2.
Question 2
4 Points
Defendants and their lawyers may opt for a trial if they think the case
factually presents a reasonable doubt, or if:
1.
the prison sentence will be high
2.
the defendant is guilty

3.
they are likely to be convicted
4.
the judge in the case is known to be a soft touch
3.
Question 3
4 Points
Which of the following provides the best example of hearsay evidence?

1.
As best as I can recall.
2.
Mary told me she saw.
3.
I told my wife.
4.
I don’t remember hearing anyone say.
4.

Question 4
4 Points
The Miranda warnings do not have to be given before law enforcement
obtains __________.
BLANK-1
o BLANK-1
breath and blood samples, handwriting samples, fingerprints
5.
Question 5

4 Points
Which of the following types of evidence is generally NOT admissible
at trial?
0.
DNA
1.
fingerprint
2.
hair analysis
3.
polygraph

6.
Question 6
4 Points
Which types of evidence must always be turned over by the prosecutor
to the defense in virtually all jurisdictions?
0.
all open files of any type
1.

all exculpatory evidence and all impeachment evidence
2.
all witness statements
3.
all statements made by the defendant
7.
Question 7
4 Points

Included among those who are not covered by statutory exemption from
serving on a jury panel are __________.
8.
Question 8
4 Points
Challenges to jurors that do not require reasons are termed __________
9.

Question 9
4 Points
To gain a potential advantage in plea bargaining, prosecutors sometimes:
0.
overcharge deliberately
1.
waive grand jury review
2.
demand a preliminary hearing
3.

refuse to take Alford pleas
10.
Question 10
4 Points
During which phase of the criminal justice process is the felony
defendant formally accused of a crime and called upon to enter a plea?
0.
initial appearance

1.
preliminary hearing
2.
arraignment
3.
sentencing phase
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Discussion Topic
Due Thursday
What impact does the jury system have on the rest of the criminal justice
system?
How would criminal justice function differently if defendants had no
right to a trial by a jury of their peers, which is the situation in virtually
all the non-common-law nations of the world?
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CJS 251 Week 3 Signature Assignment Criminal Trial
Process

Signature Assignment Criminal Trial Process
Assignment Content
Top of Form
The criminal trial process has many components. In this assignment, you
explore real-life examples of the criminal trial process in two different
types of trials.
Search the Internet for trials using parameters such as but not limited to
“watch criminal trials online,” or visit the Wild About Trial website.

Compare two trials. If possible, compare a murder trial with one
involving another major felony. Include the parties represented in each
trial (i.e., plaintiff and defendant).
Write 350- to 700-word comparison in which you:
Summarize what each trial was about.
Identify the type of court the trials were held in (refer to Ch. 1 for types
of courts in the United States).
Describe as many of the steps of each trial as you can (refer to Ch. 13 for
the steps/process).
Explain the similarities and differences between the two trials you
selected.
Identify as many of the actors of each trial as you can who played a role
in the steps of the trial process. What were their roles?
Cite a minimum of 2 sources (one source for each trial).

Format yourpaper according to APA guidelines.
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Test Content
1.
Question 1
4 Points
“Only by ‘locking him up and throwing away the key’ can we assure
that he won’t be able to rape another woman.” That statement best
matches which of the following purposes of punishment?

1.
retribution
2.
incapacitation
3.
general deterrence
4.
specific deterrence
2.

Question 2
4 Points
Which of the following is a primary purpose of the appellate process?
1.
error correction
2.
enforcing court orders
3.
enforcing judgments

4.
controlling discretion
3.
Question 3
4 Points
How do postconviction remedies differ from appeals?
1.
They may be filed only by those actually in custody.

2.
Postconviction petitions may bring up issues not raised during trial.
3.
Many state courts allow unlimited postconviction remedies.
4.
All of these answers are correct.
4.
Question 4
4 Points

A court that has a choice as to whether or not to hear the appeal is said to
have what kind of appellate jurisdiction?
1.
discretionary
2.
optional
3.
prescient
4.
elective

5.
Question 5
4 Points
“An eye for an eye” is an example of a punishment based on
__________.
6.
Question 6
4 Points

A legal error that requires the lower court’s ruling to be overturned is
called a __________.
7.
Question 7
4 Points
Lawsuits by inmates contending that local, county, or state officials have
deprived them of their constitutional rights are often termed __________
lawsuits.
o Conditions of confinement lawsuits
8.

Question 8
4 Points
The most commonly used punishment in the United States is
__________.
o probation
9.
Question 9
4 Points
“He got what he deserved! I feel better knowing that wife beaters must
make public apologies.” That statement best matches which of the
following purposes of punishment?

retribution
1.
incapacitation
2.
general deterrence
3.
specific deterrence
10.

Question 10
4 Points
Adults in which of the following conditions are under the most
correctional supervision in the United States?
0.
jail
1.
prison
2.
probation

3.
Parole
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Discussion Topic
Due Thursday

Should the punishment fit the crime, or should the punishment fit the
criminal? Explain why.
Why are most findings of guilt at the trial level not appealed? In what
ways are appellate cases unrepresentative of trial court cases?
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Discussion Topic

Due Thursday
Why are some defendants wrongfully convicted?
What methods might be used to avoid wrongful convictions and
exonerate those who have been wrongfully convicted?
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CJS 251 Week 5 Signature Assignment Issues with
Sentencing, Post-Conviction Relief, and Due Process
CJS 251 Week5Bottom of Form
Signature Assignment Issues with Sentencing, Post-Conviction Relief,
and Due Process

Top of Form
For this assignment, you will explore due process, post-conviction
review (relief), and sentencing as they relate to a specific court case you
research. This assignment will introduce you to a few issues those in the
criminal justice field face. You may be called on to consider these issues
too if you pursue a career in criminal justice.
Conduct an internet search for a current example of a case to use for this
assignment.
Imagine you are a judicial assistant for a superior court judge. As an
alumnus, you’ve been asked by your university to write a paper for the

criminal justice department’s journal, read by students and alumni, based
on a court case you’ve observed as part of your job.
Write 700- to 1,050-word paper for the journal and address the
following:
Crime Model
Was the crime control or due process model of punishment used in the
case? Do you agree with it? Explain your answer.
What are some of the issues related to due process?
Sentencing
What was the sentence given in the trial? What are the sentencing
guidelines for the crime committed in the trial (refer to the sentencing
guidelines of the state the trial was held)?

What are some of the issues related to sentencing? Were there any issues
raised in this case? Ifso, what were they? If not, in your opinion could
any issues have been raised?
Post-Conviction Relief
Was there an appeal or post-conviction relief (review)? What is the law
in the state of the trial for post-conviction relief (review)?
Differentiate post-conviction relief (review) and appeal. Compare post-
conviction relief(review) to the Innocence Protection Act of 2004.
Cite a minimum of 3 sources.
Format yourpaper according to APA guidelines.

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