The document summarizes the CIVITAS II demonstration phase from 2005-2009. It discusses the objectives of promoting sustainable urban transport, the cities involved in demonstrating measures, key results including increased use of clean vehicles and reduced car trips, and conclusions that citizen involvement and access restrictions can effectively encourage sustainable transport.

1. CIVITAS II Demonstration Phase
2005-2009
Don Guikink – DTV Consultants
At Shanghai Expo 2010

2. Content
• The CIVITAS Initiative
• CIVITAS II Demonstration Cities
• Evaluation Approach
• What worked well?
• What was expected to work better?
• Key Facts and Figures
• Main Conclusions
CIVITAS-II 2005-2009  9 September 2010  Shanghai – D. Guikink

3. The CIVITAS Initiative - objectives
• To promote and implement sustainable, clean
and (energy)efficient urban transport measures
• To implement and evaluate integrated packages
of technology and policy measures
• To build up critical mass and markets for
succesful innovative concepts
CIVITAS-II 2005-2009  9 September 2010  Shanghai – D. Guikink

4. The CIVITAS Initiative – key elements
• CIVITAS is coordinated by cities: it is a
programme “of cities for cities”
• Cities are at the heart of local public private
partnerships
• Political commitment is a basic requirement
• Cities are living ‘laboratories’ for learning and
evaluating
CIVITAS-II 2005-2009  9 September 2010  Shanghai – D. Guikink

5. CIVITAS II Demonstration Phase
• Focus on small and medium sized cities (150.000
– 500.000 inhabitants)
• They may lack specific expertise & political support
to test innovative measures
• They lack innovation resources that large and capital
cities usually attract
• There are more medium-sized than large (> 1 million)
cities across Europe, and therefore they are
important to reach the critical mass
• Development of the political dimension
• Development of the common evaluation
approach
• Strong development of the ‘brand’ CIVITAS and
corporate identity
CIVITAS-II 2005-2009  9 September 2010  Shanghai – D. Guikink

6. Roles for CIVITAS-GUARD
1. Support CIVITAS II in performing their:
• Evaluation Activities  via Evaluation Liaison Group
• Dissemination Activities  via Dissemination Liaison Group
2. Monitor the progress of CIVITAS II measures and
provide independent advice for the EC
(In CIVITAS Plus divided into POINTER and VANGUARD)
CIVITAS-II 2005-2009  9 September 2010  Shanghai – D. Guikink

7. CIVITAS II Demonstration Cities (2005 – 2009)
CIVITAS-II 2005-2009  9 September 2010  Shanghai – D. Guikink

8. Why did they participate?
• Because of the possibility to learn from other
cities
• Because of political will to make a step forward
in reaching sustainability
• Because of a strong local key-actor (or
individual person)
• Because it was possible to integrate measures
that are implemented in their cities and to
understand synergy effects
Because CIVITAS’ aims fitted perfectly in local
objectives for sustainable mobility
CIVITAS-II 2005-2009  9 September 2010  Shanghai – D. Guikink

9. • Clean vehicles and alternative fuels (23)
• Access management (25)
• Integrated pricing strategies (8)
• Stimulation of public transport modes (37)
• New forms of vehicle use and ownership (18)
• New concepts for goods distribution (18)
• Innovative soft measures (47)
• Telematics (32)
CIVITAS-II 2005-2009  9 September 2010  Shanghai – D. Guikink

10. Share of number of measures versus share of
costs per clusters
CIVITAS-II 2005-2009  9 September 2010  Shanghai – D. Guikink

11. Evaluation Framework in CIVITAS
CIVITAS Evaluation Objectives
CIVITAS
Measures
Impact Evaluation Process Evaluation
 Guidelines for defining  Collecting information on
evaluation scenarios Evaluation at all stages of the measure
 Common core indicators Measure and  Feedback and support
 Guidelines for measurement City Levels  Factors of success and
 Guidelines for up-scaling unexpected barriers
 Guidelines for reporting  Input for policy
recommendations
Reporting
Evaluation Results
Cross-site Evaluation
 Comparing results across sites
 Assessing transferability
 Conclusions and recommendations
CIVITAS-II 2005-2009  9 September 2010  Shanghai – D. Guikink

12. Outline of Impact Evaluation Framework
Detailed Measure Descriptions
 Effects/Impacts
 Indicators
‘Baseline’
Evaluation Plans
G
U
A ‘Business-as-Usual’
R
D Measure or Grouped Measure
‘After’
level Evaluations
Project & City
understandings
Cross-site Evaluation
and Transferability
Support for
Recommendations to other
EUROPEAN CITIES
CIVITAS-II 2005-2009  9 September 2010  Shanghai – D. Guikink

13. Approach to Process Evaluation
Implementation Process of Measures
CIVITAS-II 2005-2009  9 September 2010  Shanghai – D. Guikink

14. Impacts and Common Indicators
Benefits
ECONOMY
Costs
ENERGY Energy Consumption
Pollution / Nuisance
ENVIRONMENT
Resource Consumption
Acceptance
Accessibility
Employment
SOCIETY
Equity
Health
Security
Quality of Service
Safety
TRANSPORT
Transport Ssytem
Transport System
CIVITAS-II 2005-2009  9 September 2010  Shanghai – D. Guikink

15. What worked well?
• Use of clean fuels produced significant reductions in
emissions at local level
• Integrated (packaged) measures of ‘carrots and sticks’
in combination with clear explanation
• Citizens involvement from an early stage rose
awareness levels
• Installation of small-scale public transport measures
• Installation of low emission zones
• Active traffic management schemes reduced fuel
usage and emissions
CIVITAS-II 2005-2009  9 September 2010  Shanghai – D. Guikink

16. What was expected to work better?
• Reduced installation and maintenance costs of
innovative products
• Increase in technical capacities
• Quality and user-friendliness of technical
innovations
• Natural acceptance of cycling and car sharing
• Exploitation of LEZ (eg goods distribution
CIVITAS-II 2005-2009  9 September 2010  Shanghai – D. Guikink

17. Increase in the Clean Vehicle Fleet
Some CIVITAS II Facts & (700 vehicles)
Other
Figures 2%
Hybrid
Electric 1%
• Over 200 measures EuroV
4%
3%
implemented Euro IV CNG / Other
• 3150 new carpoolers attracted 8% Gas
30%
• 2900 rental bikes installed
• extension/installation of 13 LEZ Soot Filters
• reduction of car trips 12%
12%
• 89% less congestion in LEZ
• travel times savings up to 25%
• fuel savings up to 8%
LPG
Biodiesel
20%
20%
• Forum Members: 72 (2005) ,
181 (2010), representing 60
million EU inhabitants
CIVITAS-II 2005-2009  9 September 2010  Shanghai – D. Guikink

18. Evaluation Issues
Differences in Expectations
Timing and Scale of Measures
Parallel Measures and Policies
Quality of Evaluation
Clarification of Measures
Resources for Evaluation
Overlapping Measures
Baseline Variability
CIVITAS-II 2005-2009  9 September 2010  Shanghai – D. Guikink

19. Key Evaluation Findings
Success of legislation
Biodiesel success
Car pooling/car sharing potential
Cycle use increases
Urban logistics complex partnerships
Mobility management
Public transport measures effective
Access control reduces car use/improves
environment
CIVITAS-II 2005-2009  9 September 2010  Shanghai – D. Guikink

20. Main Conclusions CIVITAS II
• Attitudes towards sustainable modes improved
significantly in all CIVITAS II Cities
• Citizen involvement at an early stage leads to wider
public acceptance Clean vehicles are on the rise –
EuroV (VI) probably best in terms of environmental
benefits
• SMART-measures for mobility management can be
implemented relatively easy and are very effective
• Access restrictions and parking control contribute to
better local travel conditions
• Organisational planning is of major importance
• Stakeholder partnerships have led to fruitful
cooperation
• Solid evaluation is necessary to assess long-term
impacts
CIVITAS-II 2005-2009  9 September 2010  Shanghai – D. Guikink

21. Thank you for your attention
• Project Manager: Don Guikink,
D.Guikink@dtvconsultants.nl
On behalf of
CIVITAS-II 2005-2009  9 September 2010  Shanghai – D. Guikink