Civil rights movement
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The document discusses the journey to the civil rights movement in the United States. It outlines Jim Crow laws that legalized racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans after the Civil War and Reconstruction era. This included "separate but equal" policies for public facilities, bans on interracial marriage, and prohibitions against African Americans voting or holding public office. The document also mentions violence by groups like the Ku Klux Klan and daily hardships African Americans faced under Jim Crow such as segregated schools and public places with "whites only" policies. It sets the stage for the civil rights movement led by figures like Martin Luther King Jr. who fought for equal rights and an end to racial oppression.
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Pre civil rights america (english)
Jim Crow laws enforced racial segregation and social inequality between blacks and whites from 1877 to the mid-1960s. Strict etiquette dictated that blacks were not allowed to make physical contact or show public affection with whites. Blacks had to use titles like Mr. and Mrs. when addressing whites but were referred to by their first names only. If in a car with whites, blacks were required to sit in the back. The Supreme Court declared racial segregation unconstitutional in 1954, but full enforcement of civil rights did not occur until the 1970s. Early civil rights acts passed in the 1860s-70s aimed to protect newly freed slaves' basic rights.
JIM CROW LAW
The Jim Crow laws established racial segregation and discrimination in the Southern United States between 1882 and 1968, prohibiting African Americans from interacting with whites in public places, using the same transportation, or attending the same schools. The laws negatively impacted African Americans by denying them privileges, instilling constant fear, and leading to poorer living conditions, less education, and widespread discrimination. The Jim Crow system developed from a combination of historical factors, racial beliefs of the time, and a snowball effect that reinforced further discrimination.
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The document discusses Abraham Lincoln's views on slavery and saving the Union, the establishment of the Freedmen's Bureau after the Civil War to aid refugees, and the passage of amendments and laws aimed at protecting the rights of former slaves. However, southern states later imposed Jim Crow laws and policies like literacy tests and poll taxes to deny African Americans the right to vote and maintain racial segregation.
Ppt 10 jim crow laws
After the abolition of slavery in 1865, Black Americans still faced widespread legal discrimination and racism in the Southern United States. The Jim Crow laws enforced racial segregation and denied Black people access to equal resources like schools, housing, and the right to vote through literacy tests. These unjust laws were not abolished until the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s fought to end segregation and racial discrimination.
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The document discusses Jim Crow laws and their impact on racial segregation and discrimination in the United States between 1876 and 1965. It provides background on Jim Crow laws, examines how they disadvantaged black people, and discusses opposing views that argued segregation was constitutional if facilities were "separate but equal." However, the document rebuts this claim noting facilities for black people were always of much poorer quality. It concludes that while Jim Crow laws have ended, voting restrictions still oppress the black community and many obstacles remain.
Jim Crow
The document summarizes Jim Crow laws and the Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court decision that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation. It describes how Jim Crow originated from racist minstrel shows and the Black Codes passed after the Civil War. The 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson decision established the "separate but equal" doctrine, allowing racial segregation in public facilities. As a result, Jim Crow laws mandated the separation of public services and facilities for blacks and whites.
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Pre civil rights america (english)
Jim Crow laws enforced racial segregation and social inequality between blacks and whites from 1877 to the mid-1960s. Strict etiquette dictated that blacks were not allowed to make physical contact or show public affection with whites. Blacks had to use titles like Mr. and Mrs. when addressing whites but were referred to by their first names only. If in a car with whites, blacks were required to sit in the back. The Supreme Court declared racial segregation unconstitutional in 1954, but full enforcement of civil rights did not occur until the 1970s. Early civil rights acts passed in the 1860s-70s aimed to protect newly freed slaves' basic rights.
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The Jim Crow laws established racial segregation and discrimination in the Southern United States between 1882 and 1968, prohibiting African Americans from interacting with whites in public places, using the same transportation, or attending the same schools. The laws negatively impacted African Americans by denying them privileges, instilling constant fear, and leading to poorer living conditions, less education, and widespread discrimination. The Jim Crow system developed from a combination of historical factors, racial beliefs of the time, and a snowball effect that reinforced further discrimination.
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The document discusses Jim Crow laws and their impact on racial segregation and discrimination in the United States between 1876 and 1965. It provides background on Jim Crow laws, examines how they disadvantaged black people, and discusses opposing views that argued segregation was constitutional if facilities were "separate but equal." However, the document rebuts this claim noting facilities for black people were always of much poorer quality. It concludes that while Jim Crow laws have ended, voting restrictions still oppress the black community and many obstacles remain.
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The document summarizes Jim Crow laws and the Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court decision that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation. It describes how Jim Crow originated from racist minstrel shows and the Black Codes passed after the Civil War. The 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson decision established the "separate but equal" doctrine, allowing racial segregation in public facilities. As a result, Jim Crow laws mandated the separation of public services and facilities for blacks and whites.
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This document summarizes key concepts and events related to civil liberties and civil rights in the United States. It covers:
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- Key events and court cases in the fight for black civil rights before and after the Civil War up through the civil rights movement of the 1950s-60s, including Dred Scott, Plessy v. Ferguson, Brown v. Board of Education, and the Voting Rights Act.
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Ppt 10 rise of jim crow
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Jim Crow laws mandated racial segregation in public facilities in southern states between 1879 and 1965. The "separate but equal" doctrine justified racial segregation under the premise that segregated facilities and accommodations were equal. In Chicago in 1927, racially restrictive housing covenants were adopted to maintain segregated neighborhoods. These covenants were promoted by real estate groups and barred non-whites from living in certain areas. Though the Supreme Court ruled against enforcing such covenants in 1948, neighborhood groups still pushed for segregation through other means like intimidation.
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The document discusses American segregation and racial inequalities prior to the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court ruling. It describes how, under the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson ruling, black Americans were considered second-class citizens and faced legally mandated segregation in public spaces, as well as discrimination in housing, jobs, schools, hospitals and other aspects of life. The reality of "separate but equal" was that black Americans experienced inequality, as segregationists had no interest in equality. Brown v. Board of Education ruled that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional and helped begin dismantling the system of racial segregation in the United States.
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Explore the seven steps to winning civil rights.
Review the African American experience that set the pattern for civil rights.
Assess women’s quest for economic and political rights.
Examine the political experience of Hispanics and Asians.
Consider the rights of other groups, including disabled people and same-sex partners.
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Suspect categories
Any legislation involving race, ethnicity, or legal aliens faces strict scrutiny.
Quasi-suspect categories
In 1976, women’s advocates won a special category for gender cases. Any legislation—federal, state, or local—that introduces sex-based categories has to rest on an important state purpose.
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CHAPTER 6: THE STRUGGLE FOR CIVIL RIGHTS
The Clash Over Slavery
By the middle of the nineteenth century, the dream of freedom had become a kind of religious faith in the slave quarters.
Abolition: an abolition movement rose up, branded slavery sinful, and demanded its immediate end.
Economics: it was impossible to avoid the slavery question for a fundamental economic reason.
As the United States spread west, every new settlement prompted the same question: Would it be slave or free?
Politics: every time a territory applied for statehood, it raised the question of the political balance between slave states and free states in the Senate.
CHAPTER 6: THE STRUGGLE FOR CIVIL RIGHTS
The Senate managed to negotiate the tensions with a series of artful compromises. The Missouri Compromise (in 1820) drew a line through the Louisiana Territory (at 36˚30′ North).
The Compromise of 1850 simply turned the decision over to the people in the territories. Known as popular sovereignty, it permitted the people of each territory to decide the question for themselves—slave or free.
The Clash over Slavery
Continued
CHAPTER 6: THE STRUGGLE FOR CIVIL RIGHTS
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This document provides an overview of race relations in the early 20th century United States, known as the Nadir era. It describes how the 1896 Plessy v Ferguson Supreme Court decision established the "separate but equal" doctrine, legitimizing racial segregation and the rise of Jim Crow laws across the South. During this period, white supremacy was strongly enforced through policies of segregation and discrimination across all areas of life. Black Americans faced widespread oppression, disenfranchisement, violence including lynching, and the emergence of systems like convict leasing and sharecropping that maintained economic oppression. The document discusses key events and figures that exemplified the nadir, including the popularity of the film The Birth of a Nation, the
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In
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In this chapter you will:
Explore the seven steps to winning civil rights.
Review the African American experience that set the pattern for civil rights.
Assess women’s quest for economic and political rights.
Examine the political experience of Hispanics and Asians.
Consider the rights of other groups, including disabled people and same-sex partners.
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Any legislation involving race, ethnicity, or legal aliens faces strict scrutiny.
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In 1976, women’s advocates won a special category for gender cases. Any legislation—federal, state, or local—that introduces sex-based categories has to rest on an important state purpose.
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By the middle of the nineteenth century, the dream of freedom had become a kind of religious faith in the slave quarters.
Abolition: an abolition movement rose up, branded slavery sinful, and demanded its immediate end.
Economics: it was impossible to avoid the slavery question for a fundamental economic reason.
As the United States spread west, every new settlement prompted the same question: Would it be slave or free?
Politics: every time a territory applied for statehood, it raised the question of the political balance between slave states and free states in the Senate.
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The Senate managed to negotiate the tensions with a series of artful compromises. The Missouri Compromise (in 1820) drew a line through the Louisiana Territory (at 36˚30′ North).
The Compromise of 1850 simply turned the decision over to the people in the territories. Known as popular sovereignty, it permitted the people of each territory to decide the question for themselves—slave or free.
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A slave named Dred Scott sued for freedom. He argued that he had been taken to live in a free territory before returning to Missouri and that experienc ...
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The document provides information about race relations in the early 20th century United States, often referred to as the Nadir era. It summarizes key events like the end of Reconstruction, the establishment of Jim Crow laws, the Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court decision legalizing "separate but equal", and the rise of violent white supremacist organizations like the Ku Klux Klan. It also describes aspects of life under Jim Crow like disenfranchisement of Black voters, sharecropping, convict leasing systems, and the prevalence of lynching. The Great Migration of Black Americans from the rural South is noted as a response to these conditions. Specific violent events like the 1919 Red Summer and 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre are
1.17.23 The Nadir: Race Relations in Early 20th C America.pptx
This document provides an overview of race relations in the early 20th century United States, known as the Nadir era. It describes how the 1896 Plessy v Ferguson Supreme Court decision established the "separate but equal" doctrine, legitimizing racial segregation and the rise of Jim Crow laws across the South. During this period, white supremacy was strongly enforced through policies of segregation and discrimination across all areas of life. Black Americans faced widespread oppression, disenfranchisement, violence including lynching, and the emergence of systems like convict leasing and sharecropping that maintained economic oppression. The document discusses key events and figures that exemplified the nadir, including the popularity of the film The Birth of a Nation, the
Waber Ppt Week4
The Reconstruction Era after the Civil War aimed to resolve how the Confederate states would rejoin the Union and address the civil rights of newly freed slaves. Some key accomplishments included the 13th Amendment abolishing slavery, the 14th Amendment granting citizenship and equal protection under the law, and the 15th Amendment giving black men the right to vote. However, the Reconstruction Era was also met with resistance through black codes and efforts to strip black people of political and civil rights gained during Reconstruction.
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The Struggle for Civil Rights
From the earliest colonial days, American history has been haunted by the specter of African slavery. Even after its legal abolition in 1865 America's "original sin," as James Madison first called it, lived on through a deeply entrenched system of legal, social, and economic discrimination against African Americans. (Madison, 1820)
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The movement to overturn that systemic discrimination has been ongoing for more than 150 years. The most blatant form of racial discrimination—the system of de jure segregation* enacted in the South, which legally required the discriminatory treatment of African Americans—was essentially abolished by federal legislation, including the Voting Rights Act, in the 1960s. But the problem of de facto segregation* has long been a fact of life not only in the South but throughout the nation.
It continued—in the segregated schools of cities such as Boston, and the segregated housing markets of cities such as Chicago and Los Angeles—long after the legal and political battles of the modern Civil Rights Movement* had ended. While African Americans, as a group, have made significant gains in income and educational attainment over the last 50 years, de facto segregation continues to affect many aspects of American life. (U.S. Census Bureau, 2012; National Center for Education Statistics, 2012)
In this theme, we will focus on the modern Civil Rights Movement, looking at efforts to affirm and expand African-American rights in two specific areas that have been central to the overall civil rights struggle: voting and public education. The fight to end the disenfranchisement of African-American voters and secure their right to vote, free from intimidation and legal obstruction, culminated with the passage of the Voting Rights Act in 1965. The struggle to desegregate public schools and win equal educational opportunities for African-American children—first affirmed in the landmark Supreme Court case, Brown v. Board of Education (1954)*—has continued for generations. In this theme, we will look specifically at the tumultuous and emotionally charged effort to desegregate Boston's public schools in the mid-1970s.
We will use these two case studies to examine the historical concept of contingency* and to learn how to use historical evidence* to draw conclusions about the impact of historical events on American society, through the process of historical analysis*.
Learning Objectives
In this learning block, you will:
· Review the historical context behind the struggle for civil rights for African Americans, the core concept of this theme
· Analyze the relationship between the following key approaches to studying history: research question, historical evidence, and thesis statement
· The Early Struggle for Civil Rights
· The end of the Civil War brought the legal abolition of slavery by the Thirteenth Amendment, the first of the three so-called Civil War Amendments*. But the end o.
To kill a mockingbird powerpoint
This PowerPoint presentation traces African American discrimination from the end of the Civil War through the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s-1960s. It discusses the abolition of slavery, Jim Crow laws that enforced racial segregation, and organizations like the NAACP and KKK that respectively advocated for or opposed equality. Key events covered include the Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court ruling, Rosa Parks' bus boycott, and the March on Washington. The goal is to help students understand the historical context and motivations of characters in To Kill a Mockingbird.
Racial Violence and the Politics of the Color Line
The document summarizes key details and events related to racial segregation and civil rights struggles in the United States from the late 19th century to the mid-20th century, including:
1) The 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court decision that established the "separate but equal" doctrine allowing racial segregation.
2) Early civil rights activists and organizations that challenged segregation laws and racial violence, such as Ida B. Wells, W.E.B. Du Bois, and the NAACP.
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Reconstruction
Reconstruction (1865-1877) aimed to rebuild the South after the Civil War and restore Southern states to the Union. It involved several plans and acts by Lincoln, Johnson, and Congress to repair infrastructure, establish the Freedmen's Bureau to aid former slaves, and define citizenship and voting rights through amendments to the Constitution. However, the withdrawal of federal troops from the South in 1877 after the Compromise effectively ended Congressional Reconstruction and left black southerners vulnerable to violence and intimidation through organizations like the Ku Klux Klan and oppressive policies like black codes and sharecropping.
6 civil rights 2 classes
Introduction to American Government. Department of Government and Politics at Sacred Heart University, Fairfield, CT
Civil Rights
The document discusses the history of civil rights and civil liberties in the United States from the Dred Scott decision through modern issues. It covers key court cases and legislation related to the abolition of slavery, citizenship, voting rights, segregation, discrimination, and expanded rights for groups including women, people with disabilities, immigrants, and the LGBT community. Major events and figures discussed include the Civil Rights Acts, Voting Rights Act, Brown v. Board of Education, Martin Luther King Jr., and the women's suffrage movement.
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Civil rights movement
- 1. The Journey to the Civil Rights Movement
- 2. Home What were Jim Crow Laws? Legislation Violence The Great Migration Jim Crow Laws Martin Luther King, Jr.
- 3. What Rights Are Worth Fighting For?
- 5. Fourteenth Amendment (1868) Designed to grant citizenship to individuals once enslaved Separate Car Act(1890) Separate but equal train car accommodations Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Upheld prior segregation laws :Separate but equal
- 6. Ku Klux Klan
- 7. Lynchings Colorado U.S 0% 0% White: 65 Black: 3 Whites 27% Blacks 73%
- 9. "The North symbolized to me all that I had not felt or seen; it had no relation to what actually existed. Yet by imagining a place where everything is possible, it kept hope alive inside of me." Richard Wright
- 10. Daily Life According to Jim Crow Laws…
- 12. Miscegenation: Prohibited interracial marriages 1901: The Alabama Constitution is amended to block the passage of any law authorizing or legalizing interracial marriage. The measure will remain unchanged until November 2000. 1955:The Maryland legislature amends an anti-miscegenation statute first passed in 1884. Under the new law, any white woman who births a child conceived with a black or mixed-race man will be imprisoned for up to five years. The law will be renewed in 1957.
- 17. White’s Only: No Coloreds Allowed
- 18. Voting
- 19. A Black male could not shake hands with a White male Blacks and Whites were not supposed to eat together. Blacks were not allowed to show public affection toward one another in public, especially kissing, because it offended Whites. Whites did not use names of respect when referring to Blacks, for example, Mr., Mrs., Ms., Sir or Ma'am. If a Black person rode in a car with a White person, the Black person sat in the back seat or the back of a truck.
- 20. “There comes a time when people get tired of being trampled over by the tired feet of oppression …” Martin Luther King, Jr
Editor's Notes
- What attitudes, beliefs, and events led to the necessity of a civil rights movement?
- Foundation of our great country “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness
- Racial caste system. Blacks were believed to be “less than” whites and thus treated as second class citizens. Jim Crow Laws became a way of life between written law and expected etiquette. It symbolized legal segregation.
- HomerPlessy was jailed for sitting in the “White” car of the East Louisiana Railroad. The issue went to the Supreme Court where they ruled separate facilities for whites and black was constitutional as long as they were equal
- KKK began during Reconstruction as a type of fraternity. The KKK terrorized political and social figures in the black community. Eventually, thousands of blacks were beaten, whipped, and murdered. The KKK also intimidated thousands of blacks from voting
- Between 1882-1968, 4,743 lynchings occurred in the United States
- Was the result of a newspaper article that brought light to interracial relations. 25 people were killed and businesses burned
- Between 1900 and 1660, about 5 million black migrated to the North in search of better lives. What happens when there is more people looking for jobs? Competition
- Here are just a few examples of actual laws. People who violated the laws were either fined or imprisoned. How would you feel if someone told you who you could or could not marry?
- Public facilities including water fountains and restrooms upheld Plessy V Ferguson. Often, employers such as those in factories would have both white and black restrooms
- In 1956, A Louisiana law required public halls, movie theaters, opera houses, and all other places of public entertainment to separate white and black patrons. These laws were found throughout the country but predominantly in the south
- Although the education system was suppose to be equal, most African American schools were highly inadequate.
- Under Jim Crow, people of color were separated on all public transportation. As seen in the picture, there was a clear divider between the races. It is important to realize that “colored” basically applied to anyone who was not white.
- Black voters in the south experienced disenfranchisement. Their right to vote was often taken away from them through actual laws, intimidation, and unreasonable registration/identification requirements