This document provides an overview of important people and events in the American civil rights movement from the 1950s through the 1970s. It summarizes key court cases like Brown v. Board of Education which ended school segregation, civil rights leaders like Martin Luther King Jr. and Thurgood Marshall, protest events like the Montgomery bus boycotts and sit-ins, and pivotal legislation such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965 that aimed to end discrimination and protect voting rights. The document outlines the progression of the movement and efforts to achieve racial equality through both nonviolent and more militant approaches.

1. Goal 11

2. A. C.O.R.E.:
Congress on Racial
Equality, an interracial
organization that tried to
bring change through
peaceful confrontation.

3. B. Brown v. Board of
Education, Topeka,
Kansas (1954):
court case that
overturned Plessy v.
Ferguson (separate but
equal) and said that
schools must be
integrated.

4. C. Thurgood Marshall:
a civil rights leader
appointed to the
Supreme Court in 1967.
He ruled over many
important civil rights
cases for many decades.

5. D. Montgomery bus
boycotts:
Rosa Parks challenged
segregation on buses in
1955 which led to the
boycott of the bus
system.

6. E. Martin Luther King,
Jr.:
Leader of the civil rights
movement who
advocated non-violent
means of achieving
equality. He was
assassinated in 1968.

7. F. Little Rock Nine:
President Eisenhower
sent in troops to protect
9 African American
students entering into
Central High School in
Little Rock, AR

8. G. S.N.C.C.:
Organization of young
African Americans who
wanted immediate
change. They later
became associated with
the Black Power
Movement.

9. H. Sit-ins:
Method of protesting
segregation where
people would sit in a
restaurant until they
were served.

10. I. Freedom Riders:
Protesters tested
desegregation laws by
riding buses into the
south – troops were sent
in to protect them.
(Freedom Summer)

11. J. 24th amendment:
outlawed poll taxes

12. K. March on
Washington:
200,000 people came to
Washington, DC to
protest civil rights –
where Martin Luther
King Jr. gave his “I have
a dream” speech.

13. L. Civil Rights Act of
1964 :
called for equal rights in
jobs, schools, voting, and
public services.

14. M. Voting Rights Act of
1965:
Allowed federal officials
to register voters where
locals would not allow;
eliminated literacy tests.

15. N. Malcolm X:
Important figure in the
Black Power Movement
who later changed his
views away from violent
protest. He was
assassinated in 1965.

16. O. Black Power
Movement/Black
Panthers:
Militant group who
fought for civil rights.
They called for African
Americans to unite –
Black Nationalism.
(Marcus Garvey)

17. P. Swann v. Charlotte
Mecklenburg
Schools(1971):
Said that bussing was a
legal way to promote
integration.