Brown v. Board of Education was a landmark 1954 Supreme Court case that ruled racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional, overturning the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson decision that allowed "separate but equal" facilities. The Court found that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal" and violated the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment. Mapp v. Ohio was a 1961 Supreme Court case that established the exclusionary rule, barring evidence obtained through unconstitutional searches and seizures from being used in criminal trials. The case involved Dollree Mapp, who was convicted of possessing obscene materials based on evidence seized during an unlawful police search of her home. The 1964 Civil Rights Act banned discrimination based on race

1. Brown v. Board of Education
http://i.huffpost.com/gen/1798311/original.jpg
In 1954 , large portions of the United States had racially segregated schools, Brown v. Board of
Education was filed against the Topeka, Kansas school board by representative-plaintiff Oliver
Brown, parent of one of the children denied access to Topeka's white schools. The decision end
of the "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal." As a result, de jure racial
segregation was ruled a violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth ,Amendment
of the United States Constitution.
[http://www.pbs.org/wnet/supremecourt/rights/landmark_brown.html]
Mapp v. Ohio

2. Dhttp://www.streetlaw.org/images/299x200/Case/Image/7
Ollree Mapp was convicted of possessing obscene materials after an admittedly illegal police
search of her home for a fugitive. when police officers forced their way into Dollree Mapp's
house without a proper search warrant ,She appealed her conviction on the basis of freedom of
expression.Court decided that evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment, which
protects against "unreasonable searches and seizures," may not be used in state law criminal
prosecutions in state courts . [http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-
1969/1960/1960_236 .
Act of 1964 Civil Rights
The 1964 Civil Rights Act was a landmark in legislative attempts to improve the quality of life for
African Americans and other minority groups. in 1964 Congress passed Public Law .The

3. provisions of this civil rights act forbade discrimination on the basis of sex as well as race in
hiring, promoting, and firing. The word "sex" was added at the last moment. As result It ended
unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the
workplace and by facilities that served the general public
[http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/civil-rights-act/ ]
Voting Rights Act of 1965
http://politix.topix.com/homepage/3376supremecourttoreviewvoting...
After a century of deliberate and violent denial of the vote to African-Americans in the South
and Latinos in the Southwest the congress pass the law according to the 15th Amendment,
which ratified in 1870, prohibited states from denying a male citizen the right to vote based on
“race, color or previous condition of servitude.” As results we have Mr, Barak Obama as our
presedent now.
http://www.justice.gov/crt/about/vot/intro/intro_b.php