This paper presents a design of microstrip antenna for IEEE 802.11b and for IEEE 802.11g using a nearly square patch antenna, excited by a standard miniature adapter probe feed line. The patch and ground plain are separated by a substrate; the radiating patch is loaded by a central shorting pin and feeding probe loaded by a series capacitor. This antenna has wide bandwidth in the frequency band of (WLAN) and with a return loss ≤ −10 dB from 2.4 GHz to 2.48 GHz exhibits circularly polarized far field radiation pattern.
The proposed antennas have been simulated and analyzed using method of moments (MoM) based software package Microwave Office 2008 v8.0. The results show that the bandwidth of the antenna increases by using reactive load. The simulated gain of the antenna is over 6 dB.
Design of metamaterial absorber using eight resistive-arm cell for simultaneo...Tuấn Tạ Minh
In this paper, a broadband metamaterial (MM) absorber is presented for X-band applications. A novel eight resistive-arm (ERA) cell is proposed as an MM unit cell to achieve both broadband absorption and wide incidence angles. The proposed ERA cell is designed using equivalent circuit model and full- wave analysis in order to achieve an absorption ratio higher than 90% in the range of 8.2–13.4 GHz. The experimental results indicate that the absorptivity was greater than 90% in the range of 8–13 GHz for all polarization angles under normal incidence. Under oblique incidence, the measured absorptivity was greater than 90% in the range of 8.2–12.2 GHz up to 60° and in the range of 9.2–12 GHz up to 65° in the transverse electric (TE) mode. In the transverse magnetic (TM) mode, the measured absorptivity was higher than 90% in the range of 9.5–12.4 GHz when the incidence angle was varied from 0° to 60° and remaining a 90% absorption bandwidth in the range of 10–12 GHz up to 65°. Compared to other broadband MM absorbers, the proposed MM absorber exhibited the widest incidence angles in both TE and TM modes.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
STUDY OF ARRAY BI-CONICAL ANTENNA FOR DME APPLICATIONSijwmn
This paper introduces a new configuration of array bi-conical antenna to enhance the gain of an antenna for Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) avionic system. Due to its large size, the antenna can be placed in terrestrials DME stations. The antenna consists of the bi-conical elements placed in a linear configuration. The simulated maximum gain is 10.2dB, the antenna operates in the DME band (960 – 1215 MHz). Al the simulations are performed with CADFEKO a Method of Moments based Solver.
Side Lobe Level (SLL) Reduction Methods in AntennaDarshan Bhatt
Side Lobe levels are the important aspects in RADAR and navigation engineering and many other real time transmission systems. It is nothing but wastage of transmitted power in undesired direction. So, for reduction of SLL different methods are used for different types of antennas. In this presentation SLL reduction is discussed for Antenna arrays and for microstrip patch antenna arrays.
Design of metamaterial absorber using eight resistive-arm cell for simultaneo...Tuấn Tạ Minh
In this paper, a broadband metamaterial (MM) absorber is presented for X-band applications. A novel eight resistive-arm (ERA) cell is proposed as an MM unit cell to achieve both broadband absorption and wide incidence angles. The proposed ERA cell is designed using equivalent circuit model and full- wave analysis in order to achieve an absorption ratio higher than 90% in the range of 8.2–13.4 GHz. The experimental results indicate that the absorptivity was greater than 90% in the range of 8–13 GHz for all polarization angles under normal incidence. Under oblique incidence, the measured absorptivity was greater than 90% in the range of 8.2–12.2 GHz up to 60° and in the range of 9.2–12 GHz up to 65° in the transverse electric (TE) mode. In the transverse magnetic (TM) mode, the measured absorptivity was higher than 90% in the range of 9.5–12.4 GHz when the incidence angle was varied from 0° to 60° and remaining a 90% absorption bandwidth in the range of 10–12 GHz up to 65°. Compared to other broadband MM absorbers, the proposed MM absorber exhibited the widest incidence angles in both TE and TM modes.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
STUDY OF ARRAY BI-CONICAL ANTENNA FOR DME APPLICATIONSijwmn
This paper introduces a new configuration of array bi-conical antenna to enhance the gain of an antenna for Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) avionic system. Due to its large size, the antenna can be placed in terrestrials DME stations. The antenna consists of the bi-conical elements placed in a linear configuration. The simulated maximum gain is 10.2dB, the antenna operates in the DME band (960 – 1215 MHz). Al the simulations are performed with CADFEKO a Method of Moments based Solver.
Side Lobe Level (SLL) Reduction Methods in AntennaDarshan Bhatt
Side Lobe levels are the important aspects in RADAR and navigation engineering and many other real time transmission systems. It is nothing but wastage of transmitted power in undesired direction. So, for reduction of SLL different methods are used for different types of antennas. In this presentation SLL reduction is discussed for Antenna arrays and for microstrip patch antenna arrays.
Seminar Report On Micro Strip Patch Antenna.it is describe the only design of 5khz and 1.9khz antenna making steps also show the 3d veiws of radiation pattern, and all the parameters of antenna dependent on it.
with content and acknoladgement
Dual band microstrip antenna with slit load design for wireless local area ne...BASIM AL-SHAMMARI
This paper presents a design of dual frequency band operation nearly square patch antenna
for IEEE 802.11b,g (2.4Ghz-2.4835GHz) and IEEE 802.11a (5.15GHz-5.25GHz)by using a patch
antenna. The patch and ground plane are separated by a substrate; the radiating patch have two pairs
of orthogonal slits cut from the edge, this antenna has wide bandwidth in the frequency band of
(WLAN) and with a return loss ≤ −10 dB from 2.4 GHz to 2.48 GHz and from 5.12 GHz to 5.32
GHz exhibits circularly polarized far field radiation pattern. The proposed antennas have been
simulated and analyzed using method of moments (MoM) based software package Microwave
Office 2009 v9.0. The results show that the antenna has dual band frequency operation by using slit
load.
Design of Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna for WLAN ApplicationEditor IJMTER
In this paper we propose a rectangular microstrip patch antenna with inset fed which can
operate at 2.4 GHz (IEEE 802.11b) & 5.8 GHz (IEEE 802.11a) WLAN applications. Various slot is
cut into the antenna structure which changes the surface current path resulting in dual resonant
frequency. Further by embedding any switch into a slot, reconfiguration can be achieved i.e. the
antenna can only be used in unlicensed 2.4 GHz band. The achieved directivity is greater than 5db and
the bandwidth obtained is much greater than the required bandwidth. The proposed antenna is
simulated using High Frequency Structure Simulator.
Particle Swarm Optimization with Constriction Factor and Inertia Weight Appro...IDES Editor
In this paper, an evolutionary optimization
technique, Particle Swarm Optimization with Constriction
Factor and Inertia Weight Approach (PSOCFIWA) is adopted
for the complex synthesis of three-ring Concentric Circular
Antenna Arrays (CCAA) with non-isotropic elements and
without and with central element feeding. It is shown that by
selection of a fitness function which controls more than one
parameter of the array pattern, and also by proper setting of
weight factors in fitness function, one can achieve very good
results. For each optimal design, optimal current excitation
weights and optimal radii are determined having the objective
of maximum Sidelobe Level (SLL) reduction. The extensive
computational results show that the CCAA designs having
central element feeding with non-isotropic elements yield
much more reduction in SLL as compared to the same not
having central element feeding. Moreover, the particular
CCAA containing 4, 6 and 8 number of elements in three
successive rings along with central element feeding yields
grand minimum SLL (-46.4 dB). Standard Particle Swarm
Optimization (PSO) is adopted to compare the results of the
PSOCFIWA algorithm.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF 2D-EBG UNDER MONOPOLE ANTENNAjantjournal
The artificial properties in two dimensional electromagnetic structures (2D-EBGs), such as PMC and Band Reject Region are investigated for a proposed structure of square shaped mushroom. The radiation characteristics of monopole antenna over this 2D-EBG is tested by considering two cases. During first case monopole antenna is made to operate within band rejection region. Second case monopole antenna made operate outside the band rejection range. The obtained results during first case is showing enhancement in operating band width and smoother radiation pattern. In second case the effect is null and
2D-EBG resembles like conventional plane reflector. The simulated results are presented.
A slotted meander line printed monopole antenna for low frequency applications at 878 MHz is presented. The operating frequency of the conventional printed monopole antenna was greatly reduced by the presence of the slots and meander line which lead to the reduction of the antenna size. The size reduction up to 70% compared to the conventional reference antenna is achieved in this study. The antenna has a simple structure and small antenna size of 46.8 mm x 74 mm or 0.137흀0 x 0.217흀0. The antenna has been fabricated on the low-cost FR4 substrate and measured to validate the simulation performances. Measured results display that the proposed antenna produces omnidirectional radiation pattern of impedance bandwidth of 48.83 MHz and the maximum gain of -1.18 dBi.
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Microstrip patch antenna for pcs and wlaneSAT Journals
Abstract Due to development in wireless devices, it poses a new challenge for the design of an antenna in wireless communication. Patch antennas are well suited for various wireless application systems due to their low weight, low profile, versatility, conformability, low cost and low sensitivity to manufacturing tolerances. This paper present design, simulation of a rectangular micro strip antenna for WLAN and PCS. The aim of the work is to design reliable broadband, compact patch antenna for wireless devices. Antenna is proposed which is providing circular polarization, dual band, resonant frequencies at 1.9 GHz, 2.4 GHz. Key Words: Patch antenna, co-axial feeding, polarization, dual band, HFSS …
Dual band microstrip antenna with slit load design for wireless local area ne...BASIM AL-SHAMMARI
This paper presents a design of dual frequency band operation nearly square patch antenna
for IEEE 802.11b,g (2.4Ghz-2.4835GHz) and IEEE 802.11a (5.15GHz-5.25GHz)by using a patch
antenna. The patch and ground plane are separated by a substrate; the radiating patch have two pairs
of orthogonal slits cut from the edge, this antenna has wide bandwidth in the frequency band of
(WLAN) and with a return loss ≤ −10 dB from 2.4 GHz to 2.48 GHz and from 5.12 GHz to 5.32
GHz exhibits circularly polarized far-field radiation pattern. The proposed antennas have been
simulated and analyzed using method of moments (MoM) based software package Microwave
Office 2009 v9.0. The results show that the antenna has dual-band frequency operation by using slit
load.
Semi-circular compact CPW-fed antenna for ultra-wideband applicationsTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper presents a simple structure and small size antenna design with dimensions of 43×47 mm2 to perform an ultra-wideband (UWB) frequency range using a semicircular co-planar waveguide (CPW). This antenna has been designed and simulated by the computer simulation technology (CST) microwave studio suit. In this work, we design an ultra-wideband antenna (about 2 GHz to 10 GHz) by feeding a semi-circular compact antenna via a co-planar waveguide for input impedance of 50 Ω. The CST simulation results show that our designed antenna has a very good impedance and radiation characteristic within the intended ultra-wideband. Because of the small size and the suitable shape, this antenna can be used in many wireless communication applications, such as a radio frequency identifier (RFID), indoor wireless local area network or wireless fidelity (WiFi), internet of things (IoT), millimeter waves communications (mmWave), global positioning system (GPS), and many applications of 6G systems.
Phi shape uwb antenna with band notch characteristicsKiran Ajetrao
In this paper a novel band notch antenna in UWB
frequency range is designed using split rings. Split rings are
overlapped with designed monopole to give phi shape. The slit
gap gives band-notch operation from 5.1GHz to 6.29GHz and
from 4.94GHz to 5.91GHz for SPSSR and SPSCR antennas
respectively. Simulated and measured results are in good
agreement.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Seminar Report On Micro Strip Patch Antenna.it is describe the only design of 5khz and 1.9khz antenna making steps also show the 3d veiws of radiation pattern, and all the parameters of antenna dependent on it.
with content and acknoladgement
Dual band microstrip antenna with slit load design for wireless local area ne...BASIM AL-SHAMMARI
This paper presents a design of dual frequency band operation nearly square patch antenna
for IEEE 802.11b,g (2.4Ghz-2.4835GHz) and IEEE 802.11a (5.15GHz-5.25GHz)by using a patch
antenna. The patch and ground plane are separated by a substrate; the radiating patch have two pairs
of orthogonal slits cut from the edge, this antenna has wide bandwidth in the frequency band of
(WLAN) and with a return loss ≤ −10 dB from 2.4 GHz to 2.48 GHz and from 5.12 GHz to 5.32
GHz exhibits circularly polarized far field radiation pattern. The proposed antennas have been
simulated and analyzed using method of moments (MoM) based software package Microwave
Office 2009 v9.0. The results show that the antenna has dual band frequency operation by using slit
load.
Design of Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna for WLAN ApplicationEditor IJMTER
In this paper we propose a rectangular microstrip patch antenna with inset fed which can
operate at 2.4 GHz (IEEE 802.11b) & 5.8 GHz (IEEE 802.11a) WLAN applications. Various slot is
cut into the antenna structure which changes the surface current path resulting in dual resonant
frequency. Further by embedding any switch into a slot, reconfiguration can be achieved i.e. the
antenna can only be used in unlicensed 2.4 GHz band. The achieved directivity is greater than 5db and
the bandwidth obtained is much greater than the required bandwidth. The proposed antenna is
simulated using High Frequency Structure Simulator.
Particle Swarm Optimization with Constriction Factor and Inertia Weight Appro...IDES Editor
In this paper, an evolutionary optimization
technique, Particle Swarm Optimization with Constriction
Factor and Inertia Weight Approach (PSOCFIWA) is adopted
for the complex synthesis of three-ring Concentric Circular
Antenna Arrays (CCAA) with non-isotropic elements and
without and with central element feeding. It is shown that by
selection of a fitness function which controls more than one
parameter of the array pattern, and also by proper setting of
weight factors in fitness function, one can achieve very good
results. For each optimal design, optimal current excitation
weights and optimal radii are determined having the objective
of maximum Sidelobe Level (SLL) reduction. The extensive
computational results show that the CCAA designs having
central element feeding with non-isotropic elements yield
much more reduction in SLL as compared to the same not
having central element feeding. Moreover, the particular
CCAA containing 4, 6 and 8 number of elements in three
successive rings along with central element feeding yields
grand minimum SLL (-46.4 dB). Standard Particle Swarm
Optimization (PSO) is adopted to compare the results of the
PSOCFIWA algorithm.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF 2D-EBG UNDER MONOPOLE ANTENNAjantjournal
The artificial properties in two dimensional electromagnetic structures (2D-EBGs), such as PMC and Band Reject Region are investigated for a proposed structure of square shaped mushroom. The radiation characteristics of monopole antenna over this 2D-EBG is tested by considering two cases. During first case monopole antenna is made to operate within band rejection region. Second case monopole antenna made operate outside the band rejection range. The obtained results during first case is showing enhancement in operating band width and smoother radiation pattern. In second case the effect is null and
2D-EBG resembles like conventional plane reflector. The simulated results are presented.
A slotted meander line printed monopole antenna for low frequency applications at 878 MHz is presented. The operating frequency of the conventional printed monopole antenna was greatly reduced by the presence of the slots and meander line which lead to the reduction of the antenna size. The size reduction up to 70% compared to the conventional reference antenna is achieved in this study. The antenna has a simple structure and small antenna size of 46.8 mm x 74 mm or 0.137흀0 x 0.217흀0. The antenna has been fabricated on the low-cost FR4 substrate and measured to validate the simulation performances. Measured results display that the proposed antenna produces omnidirectional radiation pattern of impedance bandwidth of 48.83 MHz and the maximum gain of -1.18 dBi.
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Microstrip patch antenna for pcs and wlaneSAT Journals
Abstract Due to development in wireless devices, it poses a new challenge for the design of an antenna in wireless communication. Patch antennas are well suited for various wireless application systems due to their low weight, low profile, versatility, conformability, low cost and low sensitivity to manufacturing tolerances. This paper present design, simulation of a rectangular micro strip antenna for WLAN and PCS. The aim of the work is to design reliable broadband, compact patch antenna for wireless devices. Antenna is proposed which is providing circular polarization, dual band, resonant frequencies at 1.9 GHz, 2.4 GHz. Key Words: Patch antenna, co-axial feeding, polarization, dual band, HFSS …
Dual band microstrip antenna with slit load design for wireless local area ne...BASIM AL-SHAMMARI
This paper presents a design of dual frequency band operation nearly square patch antenna
for IEEE 802.11b,g (2.4Ghz-2.4835GHz) and IEEE 802.11a (5.15GHz-5.25GHz)by using a patch
antenna. The patch and ground plane are separated by a substrate; the radiating patch have two pairs
of orthogonal slits cut from the edge, this antenna has wide bandwidth in the frequency band of
(WLAN) and with a return loss ≤ −10 dB from 2.4 GHz to 2.48 GHz and from 5.12 GHz to 5.32
GHz exhibits circularly polarized far-field radiation pattern. The proposed antennas have been
simulated and analyzed using method of moments (MoM) based software package Microwave
Office 2009 v9.0. The results show that the antenna has dual-band frequency operation by using slit
load.
Semi-circular compact CPW-fed antenna for ultra-wideband applicationsTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper presents a simple structure and small size antenna design with dimensions of 43×47 mm2 to perform an ultra-wideband (UWB) frequency range using a semicircular co-planar waveguide (CPW). This antenna has been designed and simulated by the computer simulation technology (CST) microwave studio suit. In this work, we design an ultra-wideband antenna (about 2 GHz to 10 GHz) by feeding a semi-circular compact antenna via a co-planar waveguide for input impedance of 50 Ω. The CST simulation results show that our designed antenna has a very good impedance and radiation characteristic within the intended ultra-wideband. Because of the small size and the suitable shape, this antenna can be used in many wireless communication applications, such as a radio frequency identifier (RFID), indoor wireless local area network or wireless fidelity (WiFi), internet of things (IoT), millimeter waves communications (mmWave), global positioning system (GPS), and many applications of 6G systems.
Phi shape uwb antenna with band notch characteristicsKiran Ajetrao
In this paper a novel band notch antenna in UWB
frequency range is designed using split rings. Split rings are
overlapped with designed monopole to give phi shape. The slit
gap gives band-notch operation from 5.1GHz to 6.29GHz and
from 4.94GHz to 5.91GHz for SPSSR and SPSCR antennas
respectively. Simulated and measured results are in good
agreement.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
MINIATURISATION OF PATCH ANTENNA USING NOVEL FRACTAL GEOMETRYIAEME Publication
In the Field of low profile antennamicro strip patch antennas have attracted many researchers due to small sizeand low cost of fabrication. One of trending member of new designs is Fractalantenna. Fractal shapes are recursive/repetitive self-similar geometries, dueto this self-similarity they can provide high gain, multiband, widebandsolutions and design miniature antenna. Fractal shapes are widely used incomputing, analysis and design; recent trends suggest positive outcomes ofusing fractal shapes in electromagnetics and communication system. In thispaper Jerusalem cube fractal shape is introduced in probe fed conventionalpatch antenna for L1 band. A dual band antenna resonating at 1.41 GHz (L) and3.37 (S) GHz, band is constructed using said fractal shape.
A Broadband Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Communicationswww.nbtc.go.th
In this paper, a simple design of wideband
rectangular patch antenna is presented by using asymmetrical
feed and a reduction in ground plane with proper gap distance.
The frequency-dependent characteristic impedance included in
the proposed procedure is addressed to eliminate possible
errors in the high-frequency broadband applications. The
antenna proposed in this research provides 2.3GHz bandwidth
(frequency range: 0.9GHz - 3.2GHz) which can be utilized in
various broadband applications such as remote sensing,
biomedical and mobile radio. The proposed procedure in this
research is compatible with CAD applications and is valuable
contribution as it permits quick and easy design for RF
engineers.
Reference : International Journal of Modeling and Optimization, Vol. 4, No. 3, June 2014
http://www.ijmo.org/papers/373-A0002.pdf
Thanks for reading.
Noppadol Tiamnara
Development of patch stack antenna for CP-SAR sensorjournalBEEI
In this paper, we obtain the basic configuration of the left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) array two patches stack triangular truncated microstrip antenna. This construction use the basic corporate feed microstrip-line with modified lossless T-junction power divider on radiating patch for circularly polarized-synthetic aperture radar (CP-SAR) sensor embedded on airspace with compact, small, and simple configuration. The design of Circular Polarization (CP) is realized by truncating the whole three tips and adjusting the parameters of antenna at the resonant frequency, f=5.2 GHz. The results of characteristic performance and S-parameter for the LHCP array two patches stack antenna at the resonant frequency show successively about 7.24 dBic of gain, 1.99 dB of axial ratio (Ar), and -11.43 dB of S-parameter. Moreover, the impedance bandwidth and the 3 dB-Ar bandwidth of this antenna are around 560 MHz (10.77%) and 50 MHz (0.96%), respectively.
Design of a Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Inset Feed TechniqueIOSR Journals
Abstract : Today in the world of communication systems the most widely researched area is of wireless technology and a study of communication systems is incomplete without an understanding of the operation of the antennas. In the recent years of development in communication systems a need for the development of lightweight, compact and cost-effective antennas that are capable of maintaining high performance over a wide spectrum of frequencies. This technological trend has focused much effort into the design of a Micro strip patch antenna. In this work, the simulation tool of IE3D is used to study the performance and gain of the rectangular Microstrip patch antenna. The design and simulation of patch antennas is widely used in mobile cellular phones today, and our emphasis in this work is on optimization of a 2.4 GHz rectangular Microstrip patch antenna. The return loss and the various gain plots have been studied along with the radiation patterns. Keywords: Gain, Inset feed, Patch antenna, Radiation pattern, Return Loss.
A Miniature BroadBand Microstrip Antenna for LTE, Wi-Fi and WiMAX Applications IJECEIAES
A Compact microstrip antenna with rectangular slotted radiating element has been developed. Four slots have been introduced on the radiating element with the use of a partial ground plane and a wideband response has been obtained. The bandwidth of the proposed antenna is 1.7 GHz with a percentage bandwidth of 71%. A low-cost dielectric (FR4_EPOXY) has been considered in the development of the proposed antenna. The obtained frequency band is from 1.9 GHz to 3.6 GHz. To investigate the robustness of our modelled antenna the simulation process has been carried out using two different solvers (Finite Element Method and Finite Integration Technique). In addition, the designed antenna was realized and these results were compared with those of the simulation. The proposed antenna is suitable for many LTE bands {1, 3, 7… 38, 40} broadly deployed in European, South American, Asian, and African countries, Wi-Fi (2.4 GHz), and WiMAX technology (3.5 GHz).
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
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Circularly polarized microstrip antenna with reactive load design for wireless local area network application
1. Journal of Engineering and Development, Vol. 15, No. 3, September (2011) ISSN 1813-7822
55
Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna with Reactive Load
Design for Wireless Local Area Network Application
Asst. Lect. Basim Khalaf Jarulla
Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering
Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
Abstract
This paper presents a design of microstrip antenna for IEEE 802.11b and for IEEE
802.11g using a nearly square patch antenna, excited by a standard miniature adapter
probe feed line. The patch and ground plain are separated by a substrate; the radiating
patch is loaded by a central shorting pin and feeding probe loaded by a series capacitor.
This antenna has wide bandwidth in the frequency band of (WLAN) and with a return loss
≤ −10 dB from 2.4 GHz to 2.48 GHz exhibits circularly polarized far field radiation pattern.
The proposed antennas have been simulated and analyzed using method of moments
(MoM) based software package Microwave Office 2008 v8.0. The results show that the
bandwidth of the antenna increases by using reactive load. The simulated gain of the
antenna is over 6 dB.
الخالصة
ٍنًُظىير ٍششَط ٍنهىائ ذصًًُا قذو انثحث هزاIEEE802.11bوIEEE802.11gانشكم تاسرخذاو
ٌيسرى ٍي ٌَركى ٍانهىائ .انًصغش ٌانًعُاس انرغزَح خط تىاسطح ذغزَره ذرى ٌوانز ٍانكهشويغُاطُس نهثث انًشتغ شثه
انًادج ٌذكى تُُهًا يا و ٍاألسض ٌيسرى و يشتغ انشثه انششَححيغ قصش تذائشج حًم انًشتغ شثح انشكم .انعاصنح
ذشدداخ ٍذغط ذشدد حضيح ًَرهك ٍانهىائ هزا .انًىائًح إلغشاض ٍذىان تًرسعح حًم انرغزَح خط كزنك و ٍاألسض ٌيسرى
ٍي اقم ساخعاخ يفقىداخ ويغ انًحهُح انالسهكُح انشثكح-01dBد ذشد ٍي2.4 GHzذشدد ًإن2.48 GHzرو و
دائ تث.انًذي انثعُذ اإلسسال نشعاع االسرقطاب ٌش
انًاَكشوَح انًىخاخ يكرة تاسرخذاو انًقرشذ ٍنههىائ انًُىرج وذحهُم يحاكاج ذًد8112.ٍانثاي اندُم
ٍانهىائ نًحصهه انًحاكاج َرائح .فعال انغُش انحًم تاسرخذاو اصدادخ ٍنههىائ ٌانرشدد االشرغال حضيح ٌا تُُد انُرائح
أكثش ٍهٍي6 dB.
2. Journal of Engineering and Development, Vol. 15, No. 3, September (2011) ISSN 1813-7822
56
1. Introduction:-
Microstrip antenna is a type of antennas which can be used for transmitting and
receiving signals. Microstrip or printed antennas are low profile, small size, light weight and
widely used in wireless and mobile communications, as well as radar applications. Microstrip
antennas can be divided into two basic types by structure, namely microstrip patch antenna
and microstrip slot antenna. The microstrip patch antennas can be fed by microstrip line and
coaxial probe [1]
.
Nowadays, wireless local area network (WLAN) standardized by IEEE 802.11 is
becoming common in communication system [1]
.
Microstrip patch antennas have received considerable attention for wireless
communication applications [2]
. This proposed microstrip antenna designed to utilized in 2.4-
2.4835 GHz frequency range (IEEE 802.11 b/g), fed by 50Ω standard miniature adapter
(SMA) at a designed frequency of 2.4425 GHz.
2. The proposed antenna:-
The antenna configuration is nearly square microstrip patch antenna shown in Fig.l. In
this case the circular polarization (CP) is obtained because the two modes of resonance
(corresponding to the adjacent sides of the rectangle), are spatially orthogonal. The antenna is
excited at a frequency in between the resonant frequencies of these two modes in order to
obtain the phase quadrature relationship between the voltages (and therefore magnetic
currents) of two modes. Corner or diagonal feeding is required to allow both the modes to be
excited with a single feed [3]
.
Fig.1.The nearly square patch antenna configuration.
The ratio of the two orthogonal dimensions W/L should be generally in the range of
(1.01–1.10) depending upon the substrate parameters. When the patch is fed along the
diagonal, then the two resonance modes corresponding to lengths L and W are spatially
orthogonal.
3. Journal of Engineering and Development, Vol. 15, No. 3, September (2011) ISSN 1813-7822
57
The CP is obtained at a frequency, which lies between the resonance frequencies of
these two modes, where the two orthogonal modes have equal magnitude and are in phase
quadrature [4]
. The feeding probe, i.e. inner conductor of SMA is connected to the patch
through a small opening in the ground plane. The outer conductor of SMA is directly
connected to the ground plane. A cylindrical-capacitor with larger diameter than that of the
probe is inserted between the probe and patch for the impedance matching optimization [5]
.
By using a central pin to short the upper patch to the ground plane, one may improve
the purity of the resonant mode. An addition of a shorting pin acts as an extra parameter to
control the mode excitation. For a given antenna dimension, Since the introduction of the pin
increases the resonance size of the patch, perhaps the most important property of the pin is to
control the antenna gain by increasing the patch size. This may be a useful parameter to use in
the design of higher-gain patch antennas [6]
. This kind of design is the simplest form to
generated circular polarization and is very suitable for the WLAN RHCP or LHCP microstrip
antenna design.
3. The proposed antenna design:-
The calculation of the square Microstrip antenna length is based on transmission-line
model [7]
. The width W of the radiating edge, which is not critical, chosen first. The length L
is slightly less than a half wavelength in the dielectric. The precise value of the dimension L
of the square patch has been calculated using expression [7, 8]
.
…………………………….. (1)
Where the effective dielectric constant, and ∆L is the fringe factor [9]
.
For the frequency of 2.4425 GHz and using (FR-4) with a relative dielectric constant of
4.2 and loss tangent of 0.017, with substrate height of 1.575 mm, this yields nearly square
patch antenna length (Fig.1) of L=28.5 mm and W=29.5 mm. The ratio of the two orthogonal
dimensions W/L is 1.035, lies in the range of generating two spatially orthogonal resonance
modes [4]
.
The feed-point of the antenna, it is defined in terms of input impedance Zin of the
antenna and the characteristic impedance Zo of the feed line. The feed point position should
be placed at the location where the input impedance of the antenna matches the characteristic
impedance of the feed [4]
. The patch can be fed by a coax line from underneath. The
impedance varies from zero in the center to the edge resistance approximately as [10]
.
…………..(2)
Where Ri is the input resistance, Re the input resistance at the edge, and x the distance
from the patch center. By shifting the feed-point along the diagonal to x =-0.4875 cm and y =
-0.475 cm, from the center of the patch; a perfect match with a 50Ω feed line is obtained, with
cylindrical-capacitor [5]
.
4. Journal of Engineering and Development, Vol. 15, No. 3, September (2011) ISSN 1813-7822
58
The feeding point position is 0.323% from the diagonal long. The central shorting pin
added at the center of the patch with x=0 cm, y=0 cm. A shorting pin through the center has
no effect on radiation or impedance, but it allows a low-frequency grounding of the antenna
[10]
. The proposed antenna structure has been modeled using a full-wave numerical Method of
Moment (MoM). EMSightTM
, of the Applied Wave Research (AWR), includes a full-wave
electromagnetic solver that uses a modified spectral domain method of moments to accurately
determine the multi-port scattering parameters for predominately planar structures [11]
. In the
presented design; this software package was applied to simulate the typical characteristic of
the proposed antennas.
4. Simulation results:-
The proposed antenna structure had been modeled at the design frequency of 2.4425
GHz, which are the center frequency of WLAN standardized by IEEE 802.11b/g. It has been
supposed that the antenna element to be located parallel to x-y plane and centered at the origin
(0, 0, 0). The computed input return losses of the antenna patch is shown in Fig.2.
Fig.2 The calculated input returns loss for the modeled patch element.
The computed radiated electric far field intensity right handed and left handed in
broadside direction with respect to frequency is shown in Fig.3. It is clear that, for this feed,
this antenna supports LHCP electric field radiation pattern and if the feed is shifted to the
other diagonal, then RHCP is obtained [4]
.
Fig.3 The computed far electric field intensity left hand and right hand circular
polarization in broadside direction, of the proposed antenna.
5. Journal of Engineering and Development, Vol. 15, No. 3, September (2011) ISSN 1813-7822
59
The required axial ratio AR has been calculated using [12]
:
………………….….(3)
Where ER and EL are the right and left handed circularly polarized radiated electric
fields. The resulting axial ratio as a function of frequency is depicted in Fig.4. It can be seen
that the axial ratio in the broadside direction is below 3 dB throughout a bandwidth of about
80 MHz's.
Fig.4 The computed axial ratios around the IEEE802.11b/g frequency, for the
proposed antenna.
The computed gain around the IEEE802.11b/g frequency range has shown in Fig.5. As
the gain response implies, the proposed antenna possesses an average gain of about more than
(4.5-6) dB throughout the required bandwidth of IEEE802.11b/g antenna.
Fig.5 The computed antenna gain around the IEEE802.11b/g frequency, for the
proposed antenna.
5. Conclusions:-
A nearly square wideband single probe-fed microstrip patch antenna with inserted
central shorting pin and input feed matching capacitor has been investigated. The realized
impedance bandwidths (return loss ≤ −10 dB) and the circular polarization bandwidth (axial
ratio ≤ 3 dB) satisfy the bandwidth requirements for the IEEE802.11b/g operation.
6. Journal of Engineering and Development, Vol. 15, No. 3, September (2011) ISSN 1813-7822
60
6. References:-
1. W. Kueathawikun1, P. Thumwarin1, N. Anantrasirichai1, and T. Wakabayashi2,
“Wide-Band Slot Antenna for IEEE 802.11b/g,” SICE-ICASE International Joint
Conference 2006 Oct. 18-21, 2006 in Bexco, Busan, Korea.
2. Guo, Y. J., A. Paez, R. A. Sadeghzadeh, and S. K. Barton, “A Patch Antenna for
HIPERLAN,” Wireless Personal Communications, Vol. 3, 389–396, 1996.
3. C. Sharma and Kuldip C. Gupta, “Analysis and Optimized Design of Single Feed
Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and
Propagation, Vol. AP-31, No.6, November 1983.
4. G. Kumar and K. P. Ray, “Broadband Microstrip Antennas”, Artech House, Inc.
2003.
5. Y.J. Wang, C.K. Lee, P.S. Tian, and S.W. Lee, “Novel Microstrip- Monopole-
Integrated Ultra-Wideband Antenna For Mobile UWB Devices”, School of EEE,
Nanyang Technological University Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798.
6. I. R James and P. S. Hall, “Handbook of microstrip antennas”, Vol. 1. Peter
Peregrinus Ltd., London, 1989.
7. Bahi, and Bhartia, “Microstrip Antennas”, Artech House, Inc. 1980.
8. M. Amamam, “Design of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for 2.4 GHz Band”,
Applied Microwave and Wireless Nov/Dec 1997.
9. C. A. Balanis, “Antenna Theory, Analysis and Design”, John Wiley & Sons 1997.
10. Thomas A. Milligan, “Modern Antenna Design”, John Wiley & Sons. 2ed. ed. 2005.
11. AWR®
Design Environment, Microwave Office®
(MWO) 2008 V8. 1960 E. Grand
Avenue, Suite 430 El Segundo, CA 90245 USA.
12. Jawad K. Ali, “A New Compact Size Microstrip Patch Antenna with Irregular Slots
for Handheld GPS Application”, Eng. & Technology, Vol.26, No.10, 2008.
Line Plot (Abeer1 18v*118c)
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
Deflection (mm)
0
6
12
18
24
30
36
42
48
54
60
66
Load(kN)
S2 Right Column
S2 Left Column