This document contains summaries of 16 basic op amp circuits, including inverting and non-inverting amplifiers, difference amplifiers, summing amplifiers, integrators, differentiators, and more. The circuits are illustrated with schematics and brief descriptions are provided for each one. National Semiconductor's Application Note 31 from February 1978 provides examples of fundamental op amp circuits for readers to understand and utilize.
The document discusses generating square and triangular waves using Fourier series of sine and cosine waves. It also examines signals in the time and frequency domains. Key points:
1) A square wave can be produced from a series of sine waves at different frequencies and amplitudes, with the fundamental and odd harmonics present.
2) A triangular wave results from a series of cosine waves, with the fundamental and odd harmonics.
3) Signals can be viewed in the time domain as voltage over time, or in the frequency domain as the amplitude of sine/cosine waves at different frequencies.
This document describes an experiment on Fourier theory and its applications in signal processing. The objectives are to: 1) Produce a square wave from sine waves of different frequencies and amplitudes using Fourier theory. 2) Produce a triangular wave similarly using cosine waves. 3) Examine the difference between time domain and frequency domain representations of signals. 4) Analyze periodic pulses with different duty cycles in both domains. 5) Examine the effect of low-pass filtering on pulses as the cutoff frequency varies. The experiment uses function generators, oscilloscopes, spectrum analyzers, and op-amps to generate and analyze signals.
This document describes an experiment to characterize active band-pass and band-stop filters. The objectives are to determine the gain-frequency response, center frequency, bandwidth, quality factor, and phase response. For the band-pass filter, the measured and calculated results for center frequency, gain, bandwidth, and quality factor agree to within 5%. For the band-stop filter, the measured and calculated results for center frequency, gain, bandwidth, and quality factor agree to within 1%. The phase response of the band-pass filter shows the output is approximately 180 degrees out of phase with the input at the center frequency.
Differential structures such as backplanes and cables are the primary means for transmitting high speed serial data signals. Signal integrity of these systems is determined by the characteristics of the media such as insertion loss, crosstalk, and differential to common mode conversion.
Complete measurement of the mixed mode s-parameters is often performed by transforming single-ended s-parameters and assuming that the system is linear. In some cases, linearity cannot be assumed such as where active components are used.
This presentation describes how to measure true differential s-parameters which can be measured even in the presence of non-linear elements.
This document describes experiments performed to characterize active band-pass and band-stop filters, including plotting the gain-frequency response curves to determine cutoff frequencies and bandwidth, calculating quality factors and center frequencies, and comparing measured and expected voltage gains. Procedures are provided to implement and analyze a multiple-feedback band-pass filter and a two-pole Sallen-Key notch filter using op-amps and passive components.
This document describes an experiment on Fourier theory involving the generation of square waves and triangular waves from a series of sine and cosine waves. Key points:
1. Square and triangular waves were generated on an oscilloscope from Fourier series of sine/cosine waves at different frequencies and amplitudes.
2. Measurements showed the fundamental frequency of the generated waves matched the frequency of the individual sine/cosine waves.
3. Removing higher harmonic waves caused the generated waves to become more sinusoidal, demonstrating the role of harmonics in shaping the waveform.
The document discusses signal generators and oscillator circuits. It covers oscillators and feedback conditions, oscillator circuits using LC resonators, quartz resonators operating at 32768Hz, and the 555 timer IC. Example circuits shown include a multi-vibrator, one-shot, and circuits combining multiple 555 timers for applications like laser alignment and audio generation.
This document describes an experiment on Fourier theory involving the time and frequency domains. The objectives are to: 1) Produce a square wave from sine waves of different frequencies and amplitudes using Fourier series; 2) Produce a triangular wave from cosine waves using Fourier series; 3) Examine the difference between time and frequency domain plots; 4) Examine periodic pulses with different duty cycles in both domains; and 5) Examine the effect of low-pass filtering on pulses. Circuits are provided to generate square and triangular waves from Fourier series components for analysis on an oscilloscope and spectrum analyzer.
The document discusses generating square and triangular waves using Fourier series of sine and cosine waves. It also examines signals in the time and frequency domains. Key points:
1) A square wave can be produced from a series of sine waves at different frequencies and amplitudes, with the fundamental and odd harmonics present.
2) A triangular wave results from a series of cosine waves, with the fundamental and odd harmonics.
3) Signals can be viewed in the time domain as voltage over time, or in the frequency domain as the amplitude of sine/cosine waves at different frequencies.
This document describes an experiment on Fourier theory and its applications in signal processing. The objectives are to: 1) Produce a square wave from sine waves of different frequencies and amplitudes using Fourier theory. 2) Produce a triangular wave similarly using cosine waves. 3) Examine the difference between time domain and frequency domain representations of signals. 4) Analyze periodic pulses with different duty cycles in both domains. 5) Examine the effect of low-pass filtering on pulses as the cutoff frequency varies. The experiment uses function generators, oscilloscopes, spectrum analyzers, and op-amps to generate and analyze signals.
This document describes an experiment to characterize active band-pass and band-stop filters. The objectives are to determine the gain-frequency response, center frequency, bandwidth, quality factor, and phase response. For the band-pass filter, the measured and calculated results for center frequency, gain, bandwidth, and quality factor agree to within 5%. For the band-stop filter, the measured and calculated results for center frequency, gain, bandwidth, and quality factor agree to within 1%. The phase response of the band-pass filter shows the output is approximately 180 degrees out of phase with the input at the center frequency.
Differential structures such as backplanes and cables are the primary means for transmitting high speed serial data signals. Signal integrity of these systems is determined by the characteristics of the media such as insertion loss, crosstalk, and differential to common mode conversion.
Complete measurement of the mixed mode s-parameters is often performed by transforming single-ended s-parameters and assuming that the system is linear. In some cases, linearity cannot be assumed such as where active components are used.
This presentation describes how to measure true differential s-parameters which can be measured even in the presence of non-linear elements.
This document describes experiments performed to characterize active band-pass and band-stop filters, including plotting the gain-frequency response curves to determine cutoff frequencies and bandwidth, calculating quality factors and center frequencies, and comparing measured and expected voltage gains. Procedures are provided to implement and analyze a multiple-feedback band-pass filter and a two-pole Sallen-Key notch filter using op-amps and passive components.
This document describes an experiment on Fourier theory involving the generation of square waves and triangular waves from a series of sine and cosine waves. Key points:
1. Square and triangular waves were generated on an oscilloscope from Fourier series of sine/cosine waves at different frequencies and amplitudes.
2. Measurements showed the fundamental frequency of the generated waves matched the frequency of the individual sine/cosine waves.
3. Removing higher harmonic waves caused the generated waves to become more sinusoidal, demonstrating the role of harmonics in shaping the waveform.
The document discusses signal generators and oscillator circuits. It covers oscillators and feedback conditions, oscillator circuits using LC resonators, quartz resonators operating at 32768Hz, and the 555 timer IC. Example circuits shown include a multi-vibrator, one-shot, and circuits combining multiple 555 timers for applications like laser alignment and audio generation.
This document describes an experiment on Fourier theory involving the time and frequency domains. The objectives are to: 1) Produce a square wave from sine waves of different frequencies and amplitudes using Fourier series; 2) Produce a triangular wave from cosine waves using Fourier series; 3) Examine the difference between time and frequency domain plots; 4) Examine periodic pulses with different duty cycles in both domains; and 5) Examine the effect of low-pass filtering on pulses. Circuits are provided to generate square and triangular waves from Fourier series components for analysis on an oscilloscope and spectrum analyzer.
This document describes an experiment on Fourier theory involving the time domain and frequency domain. The objectives are to generate square and triangular waves from Fourier series, examine the difference between time and frequency domain plots, and analyze periodic pulses with different duty cycles in both domains while varying a low-pass filter's cutoff frequency. Procedures generate waves using function generators and measure them on an oscilloscope and spectrum analyzer while eliminating harmonics. The document explains Fourier analysis and how signals can be represented by sine/cosine waves of different frequencies and amplitudes in the frequency domain.
This document describes the features and specifications of Analog Devices' ADF4110/ADF4111/ADF4112/ADF4113 frequency synthesizer chips. Key points:
- The chips are used to implement local oscillators in wireless receivers and transmitters, functioning as phase-locked loops (PLLs) with a phase/frequency detector, charge pump, reference divider, and counters.
- Specifications include operating frequency ranges from 550MHz to 4GHz depending on the chip, reference frequencies from 5-100MHz, phase noise levels down to -171dBc/Hz, and power consumption from 4.5-11mA.
- Control and configuration is via a 3-wire
This document appears to be an experiment report for a college-level electronics course. It includes:
1. Objectives to plot gain-frequency responses of passive band-pass and band-stop filters, determine their center frequencies and bandwidths, and how circuit resistance affects bandwidth.
2. Sample computations showing solutions to steps in the experiment involving passive filter circuit analysis.
3. A data sheet listing materials used and theoretical background on passive band-pass, band-stop, low-pass, and high-pass filters. It describes how to analyze L-C series and parallel resonant filters.
4. A procedure outlining steps to simulate band-pass and band-stop filters and analyze their responses
This document provides information on the 74F08 integrated circuit, which is a quad two-input AND gate. It includes specifications on propagation delay, supply current, pin configurations, logic diagram, input/output loading, and absolute maximum ratings. The 74F08 is available in commercial and industrial temperature ranges from -40°C to +85°C.
1. The document describes an experiment on Fourier theory and how signals can be represented in both the time domain and frequency domain. Square waves and triangular waves are generated from a series of sine and cosine waves (Fourier series) and plotted in both domains.
2. Low-pass filters are used to remove higher harmonics from signals. This distorts the original waveshape as more harmonics are removed. The bandwidth needed to transmit pulses with minimal distortion depends on the duty cycle.
3. Objectives include learning how square and triangular waves can be produced from Fourier series, comparing time and frequency domain plots, and examining how duty cycle and filtering affect pulses in both domains.
SIGNAL SPECTRA EXPERIMENT 1 - FINALS (for AGDON)Sarah Krystelle
This experiment analyzed the operation of a class A power amplifier. Key findings include:
1) The initial operating point (Q-point) was not centered on the AC load line, resulting in output clipping.
2) Adjusting the emitter resistance centered the Q-point on the AC load line, eliminating clipping and increasing the maximum undistorted output voltage.
3) A class A amplifier has low efficiency due to conduction over the entire input cycle, but provides the most linear amplification.
This document describes the specifications for the ACX502BMU-7 LCD panel. It includes:
1. A block diagram of the panel showing the drivers, active area, and interface.
2. Maximum ratings for voltages, operating temperature, and LED current.
3. A pinout diagram and descriptions of the FPC connector pins.
4. Operating conditions for voltages, frequencies, timings, and more.
5. Power on and off sequences showing the order and timing of signals.
6. Timing charts showing the horizontal and vertical directions of input signals.
The document provides detailed technical specifications for the ACX502BMU-7 LCD panel in a clear
This document describes an experiment involving active band-pass and band-stop filters. The objectives are to determine the gain-frequency response, quality factor, bandwidth, and phase shift of these filters. The experiment uses op-amps, capacitors, and resistors to build a multiple feedback band-pass filter and a two-pole Sallen-Key notch (band-stop) filter. Equations are provided to calculate the center frequency, bandwidth, quality factor, and voltage gain of the filters based on their circuit component values. The procedures involve simulating the filters and measuring their gain-frequency responses to determine these characteristics and compare them to theoretical calculations.
The buck converter simulation example evaluates the switching waveforms and power switch voltages and currents. The specifications include a voltage output of 5V from an input voltage ranging from 7-40V. Inductor and capacitor values are selected to be 330uH and 330uF respectively. Simulation results are obtained for the switching waveforms, power switch voltages and currents using the average models with analysis directives to skip the breakpoints for a 10ms transient simulation.
SIGNAL SPECTRA EXPERIMENT 2 - FINALS (for CAUAN)Sarah Krystelle
This document describes Experiment #2 on a class B push-pull power amplifier. The objectives are to determine the dc and ac load lines, observe crossover distortion, measure voltage gain, output power, and efficiency. Sample computations are provided for voltage gain, output power, input power, and efficiency. The theory section describes class B push-pull amplifiers and how biasing the transistors slightly above cutoff can eliminate crossover distortion. Procedures are outlined to simulate and measure the amplifier's input, output, voltage gain, power output, and efficiency.
1. The document describes an experiment on Fourier theory involving the generation of square waves and triangular waves from a series of sine and cosine waves at different frequencies and amplitudes.
2. Key findings include that a square wave can be produced from odd harmonics of a fundamental sine wave, while a triangular wave can be produced from odd harmonic cosine waves. Eliminating harmonics distorts the output wave shape.
3. The time domain shows voltage over time, while the frequency domain shows amplitude by frequency using a Fourier series. Filtering affects the frequency spectrum and output wave shape.
This document describes an experiment on pulse code modulation (PCM) using an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC). The objectives are to demonstrate PCM encoding and decoding, show how the ADC sampling rate relates to analog signal frequency, and examine the effect of low-pass filtering on the DAC output. The experiment involves using an 8-bit ADC to sample an analog signal and an 8-bit DAC to reconstruct the signal, with a low-pass filter to smooth the DAC output.
1. The document describes experiments to study operational amplifier applications as filters, including low pass, high pass, band pass, and band reject filters.
2. Key components used include the IC 741 op-amp, resistors, and capacitors. Circuit diagrams and theory of operation are provided for each filter type.
3. The procedures involve connecting the circuits, applying input signals of varying frequency, measuring output voltages, and plotting frequency response graphs to determine pass bands and cut-off frequencies.
This document provides an electrical schematic diagram for an electronic device. It includes labels for various components such as chips, capacitors, resistors, and connectors. The diagram shows the connections between these components and how different parts of the circuit are powered. Key components include an SDRAM chip, FLASH memory, audio and video chips, power regulation circuits, and interfaces for video and audio output.
The document summarizes a high-side power switch component. It includes a block diagram showing an N-channel MOSFET power transistor with input, enable, and output pins. It describes the characteristics of the input pin, enable pin, on-state resistance, and turn on/off timing. Simulation results are shown comparing the component's behavior to measurements for various operating conditions.
1. The document describes how to use KL series analog I/O modules to transmit analog sensor data over long distances without deterioration. It discusses amplifying, inverting, and outputting the data to recorders up to 1,200 meters away.
2. Communication settings for the KL modules are provided to configure the analog input and output ranges and addresses.
3. A ladder logic program example shows calculating the input voltage, converting the range, and outputting the amplified signal. This allows transmitting analog data long distances while preventing noise and data deterioration.
SIGNAL SPECTRA EXPERIMENT 2 - FINALS (for PULA)Sarah Krystelle
This document describes an experiment conducted on a class B push-pull power amplifier. The objectives were to determine the dc and ac load lines, observe crossover distortion, measure maximum output voltage and power, and calculate efficiency. The circuit diagram and theory of operation for a class B push-pull amplifier are provided. Key steps in the procedure involve using simulations and equipment to analyze the input/output waveforms, dc bias voltages, and performance metrics.
The document outlines an engine control system that utilizes a microcomputer to control various engine functions. It describes 11 input signals that provide sensor data like temperature, pressure, speed. It then explains how the microcomputer uses this data to control 4 main systems - multi-port fuel injection, electronic ignition timing, EGR valve, and idle air control - to optimize the engine for different driving conditions. The microcomputer outputs signals to control the injection, ignition, and various valves and actuators.
Este documento presenta un curso gratuito sobre cómo tratar a personas difíciles. El curso enseña a identificar y manejar algunos de los tipos más comunes de personas problemáticas, como aquellos que causan problemas en el trabajo, crean un ambiente negativo o ponen obstáculos a las cosas más sencillas. El curso ofrece consejos sobre cómo cambiar el enfoque para tratar con personas difíciles y modificar su comportamiento en lugar de intentar cambiar su forma de ser. También cubre temas como los dos tipos de enfado, el chantaje emocional
Este documento describe los controladores lógicos programables (PLC), incluyendo su historia, partes principales, tipos de memoria, entradas y salidas. Un PLC es un dispositivo electrónico que utiliza una memoria programable para implementar funciones de control como lógica, secuencias y operaciones aritméticas para controlar máquinas y procesos. Se compone de una unidad central de procesamiento, memoria, interfaces de entrada y salida y una unidad de programación. Los PLC nacieron para facilitar la programación de sistemas de control elé
This document describes an experiment on Fourier theory involving the time domain and frequency domain. The objectives are to generate square and triangular waves from Fourier series, examine the difference between time and frequency domain plots, and analyze periodic pulses with different duty cycles in both domains while varying a low-pass filter's cutoff frequency. Procedures generate waves using function generators and measure them on an oscilloscope and spectrum analyzer while eliminating harmonics. The document explains Fourier analysis and how signals can be represented by sine/cosine waves of different frequencies and amplitudes in the frequency domain.
This document describes the features and specifications of Analog Devices' ADF4110/ADF4111/ADF4112/ADF4113 frequency synthesizer chips. Key points:
- The chips are used to implement local oscillators in wireless receivers and transmitters, functioning as phase-locked loops (PLLs) with a phase/frequency detector, charge pump, reference divider, and counters.
- Specifications include operating frequency ranges from 550MHz to 4GHz depending on the chip, reference frequencies from 5-100MHz, phase noise levels down to -171dBc/Hz, and power consumption from 4.5-11mA.
- Control and configuration is via a 3-wire
This document appears to be an experiment report for a college-level electronics course. It includes:
1. Objectives to plot gain-frequency responses of passive band-pass and band-stop filters, determine their center frequencies and bandwidths, and how circuit resistance affects bandwidth.
2. Sample computations showing solutions to steps in the experiment involving passive filter circuit analysis.
3. A data sheet listing materials used and theoretical background on passive band-pass, band-stop, low-pass, and high-pass filters. It describes how to analyze L-C series and parallel resonant filters.
4. A procedure outlining steps to simulate band-pass and band-stop filters and analyze their responses
This document provides information on the 74F08 integrated circuit, which is a quad two-input AND gate. It includes specifications on propagation delay, supply current, pin configurations, logic diagram, input/output loading, and absolute maximum ratings. The 74F08 is available in commercial and industrial temperature ranges from -40°C to +85°C.
1. The document describes an experiment on Fourier theory and how signals can be represented in both the time domain and frequency domain. Square waves and triangular waves are generated from a series of sine and cosine waves (Fourier series) and plotted in both domains.
2. Low-pass filters are used to remove higher harmonics from signals. This distorts the original waveshape as more harmonics are removed. The bandwidth needed to transmit pulses with minimal distortion depends on the duty cycle.
3. Objectives include learning how square and triangular waves can be produced from Fourier series, comparing time and frequency domain plots, and examining how duty cycle and filtering affect pulses in both domains.
SIGNAL SPECTRA EXPERIMENT 1 - FINALS (for AGDON)Sarah Krystelle
This experiment analyzed the operation of a class A power amplifier. Key findings include:
1) The initial operating point (Q-point) was not centered on the AC load line, resulting in output clipping.
2) Adjusting the emitter resistance centered the Q-point on the AC load line, eliminating clipping and increasing the maximum undistorted output voltage.
3) A class A amplifier has low efficiency due to conduction over the entire input cycle, but provides the most linear amplification.
This document describes the specifications for the ACX502BMU-7 LCD panel. It includes:
1. A block diagram of the panel showing the drivers, active area, and interface.
2. Maximum ratings for voltages, operating temperature, and LED current.
3. A pinout diagram and descriptions of the FPC connector pins.
4. Operating conditions for voltages, frequencies, timings, and more.
5. Power on and off sequences showing the order and timing of signals.
6. Timing charts showing the horizontal and vertical directions of input signals.
The document provides detailed technical specifications for the ACX502BMU-7 LCD panel in a clear
This document describes an experiment involving active band-pass and band-stop filters. The objectives are to determine the gain-frequency response, quality factor, bandwidth, and phase shift of these filters. The experiment uses op-amps, capacitors, and resistors to build a multiple feedback band-pass filter and a two-pole Sallen-Key notch (band-stop) filter. Equations are provided to calculate the center frequency, bandwidth, quality factor, and voltage gain of the filters based on their circuit component values. The procedures involve simulating the filters and measuring their gain-frequency responses to determine these characteristics and compare them to theoretical calculations.
The buck converter simulation example evaluates the switching waveforms and power switch voltages and currents. The specifications include a voltage output of 5V from an input voltage ranging from 7-40V. Inductor and capacitor values are selected to be 330uH and 330uF respectively. Simulation results are obtained for the switching waveforms, power switch voltages and currents using the average models with analysis directives to skip the breakpoints for a 10ms transient simulation.
SIGNAL SPECTRA EXPERIMENT 2 - FINALS (for CAUAN)Sarah Krystelle
This document describes Experiment #2 on a class B push-pull power amplifier. The objectives are to determine the dc and ac load lines, observe crossover distortion, measure voltage gain, output power, and efficiency. Sample computations are provided for voltage gain, output power, input power, and efficiency. The theory section describes class B push-pull amplifiers and how biasing the transistors slightly above cutoff can eliminate crossover distortion. Procedures are outlined to simulate and measure the amplifier's input, output, voltage gain, power output, and efficiency.
1. The document describes an experiment on Fourier theory involving the generation of square waves and triangular waves from a series of sine and cosine waves at different frequencies and amplitudes.
2. Key findings include that a square wave can be produced from odd harmonics of a fundamental sine wave, while a triangular wave can be produced from odd harmonic cosine waves. Eliminating harmonics distorts the output wave shape.
3. The time domain shows voltage over time, while the frequency domain shows amplitude by frequency using a Fourier series. Filtering affects the frequency spectrum and output wave shape.
This document describes an experiment on pulse code modulation (PCM) using an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC). The objectives are to demonstrate PCM encoding and decoding, show how the ADC sampling rate relates to analog signal frequency, and examine the effect of low-pass filtering on the DAC output. The experiment involves using an 8-bit ADC to sample an analog signal and an 8-bit DAC to reconstruct the signal, with a low-pass filter to smooth the DAC output.
1. The document describes experiments to study operational amplifier applications as filters, including low pass, high pass, band pass, and band reject filters.
2. Key components used include the IC 741 op-amp, resistors, and capacitors. Circuit diagrams and theory of operation are provided for each filter type.
3. The procedures involve connecting the circuits, applying input signals of varying frequency, measuring output voltages, and plotting frequency response graphs to determine pass bands and cut-off frequencies.
This document provides an electrical schematic diagram for an electronic device. It includes labels for various components such as chips, capacitors, resistors, and connectors. The diagram shows the connections between these components and how different parts of the circuit are powered. Key components include an SDRAM chip, FLASH memory, audio and video chips, power regulation circuits, and interfaces for video and audio output.
The document summarizes a high-side power switch component. It includes a block diagram showing an N-channel MOSFET power transistor with input, enable, and output pins. It describes the characteristics of the input pin, enable pin, on-state resistance, and turn on/off timing. Simulation results are shown comparing the component's behavior to measurements for various operating conditions.
1. The document describes how to use KL series analog I/O modules to transmit analog sensor data over long distances without deterioration. It discusses amplifying, inverting, and outputting the data to recorders up to 1,200 meters away.
2. Communication settings for the KL modules are provided to configure the analog input and output ranges and addresses.
3. A ladder logic program example shows calculating the input voltage, converting the range, and outputting the amplified signal. This allows transmitting analog data long distances while preventing noise and data deterioration.
SIGNAL SPECTRA EXPERIMENT 2 - FINALS (for PULA)Sarah Krystelle
This document describes an experiment conducted on a class B push-pull power amplifier. The objectives were to determine the dc and ac load lines, observe crossover distortion, measure maximum output voltage and power, and calculate efficiency. The circuit diagram and theory of operation for a class B push-pull amplifier are provided. Key steps in the procedure involve using simulations and equipment to analyze the input/output waveforms, dc bias voltages, and performance metrics.
The document outlines an engine control system that utilizes a microcomputer to control various engine functions. It describes 11 input signals that provide sensor data like temperature, pressure, speed. It then explains how the microcomputer uses this data to control 4 main systems - multi-port fuel injection, electronic ignition timing, EGR valve, and idle air control - to optimize the engine for different driving conditions. The microcomputer outputs signals to control the injection, ignition, and various valves and actuators.
Este documento presenta un curso gratuito sobre cómo tratar a personas difíciles. El curso enseña a identificar y manejar algunos de los tipos más comunes de personas problemáticas, como aquellos que causan problemas en el trabajo, crean un ambiente negativo o ponen obstáculos a las cosas más sencillas. El curso ofrece consejos sobre cómo cambiar el enfoque para tratar con personas difíciles y modificar su comportamiento en lugar de intentar cambiar su forma de ser. También cubre temas como los dos tipos de enfado, el chantaje emocional
Este documento describe los controladores lógicos programables (PLC), incluyendo su historia, partes principales, tipos de memoria, entradas y salidas. Un PLC es un dispositivo electrónico que utiliza una memoria programable para implementar funciones de control como lógica, secuencias y operaciones aritméticas para controlar máquinas y procesos. Se compone de una unidad central de procesamiento, memoria, interfaces de entrada y salida y una unidad de programación. Los PLC nacieron para facilitar la programación de sistemas de control elé
Este manual de laboratorio presenta 10 prácticas sobre conceptos básicos de electrónica como serie y paralelo de resistencias, leyes de Kirchhoff, diodos, transistores y amplificadores operacionales. La Práctica 1 cubre elementos básicos como medición de resistencias, uso de breadboards y diagramas de circuitos. El manual busca hacer las prácticas entretenidas y conectar la teoría con la práctica para que los estudiantes disfruten el aprendizaje.
Este documento proporciona información sobre la selección de conductores para instalaciones eléctricas de baja tensión. Detalla varios tipos de conductores comunes y sus especificaciones, incluidos TF, THW, TTU, NM, SPT e Instalación. También incluye una tabla guía para la selección de conductores según el tipo de instalación. El objetivo es suministrar información básica para elegir los conductores adecuados para diferentes aplicaciones de baja tensión.
Este documento presenta un resumen de cálculo eléctrico de líneas. En corriente continua, solo la resistencia R causa caída de tensión. En corriente alterna, la inductancia L y capacitancia C también juegan un papel. La caída de tensión en líneas cortas depende de la resistencia R y reactancia X. Incluso cuando el consumidor es solo resistivo, la línea consume potencia reactiva debido a X. Si la carga es capacitiva, es posible que la tensión en el receptor sea mayor que la del
Matriz energética nacional jri fio unam y en osdeEduardo Soracco
El documento resume la situación energética argentina, incluyendo la generación eléctrica, la demanda y las proyecciones futuras. Señala que el modelo energético actual está agotado y se necesitan nuevas inversiones en generación, transmisión y transformación para satisfacer el crecimiento de la demanda. También proporciona datos sobre la generación y demanda de energía en 2007-2008 por región, y proyecciones de inversión en nueva capacidad de generación hasta 2020.
1. Se define la capacidad C de un condensador como la relación entre la carga Q y la diferencia de potencial V entre sus placas. La unidad de medida de la capacidad es el faradio.
2. Un condensador está formado por dos conductores separados por un material aislante. Al aplicar una tensión, los electrones se mueven entre las placas creando un campo eléctrico y almacenando energía proporcional a CV2.
3. Los condensadores se pueden conectar en serie o paralelo para obtener capacidades equivalentes dist
This document provides an overview of tips for beginning a vegetarian diet, including information on the health benefits and essential nutrients. It discusses that a vegetarian diet can help reduce the risk of heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and osteoporosis. It is low in saturated fat and cholesterol. The document also addresses common concerns about getting enough protein, calcium, and vitamins B12 and D on a vegetarian diet, and provides suggestions for meeting nutritional needs through plant-based foods and fortified products. A 3-step approach is given for transitioning to vegetarian eating.
Illumine Business Mapping Mind Mapping For Business Advantage Mind MappingF Blanco
The document describes Illumine Business Mapping, a 1/2 day or 1 day program that teaches mind mapping techniques. Mind mapping can improve note taking, creativity, memory, and effectiveness. It presents information in an organized format on one page. Mind mapping mirrors how the brain works and promotes free thought. The program teaches how to construct mind maps and provides examples and exercises. It shows applications like note taking, problem solving, and studying. Attendees will learn to apply mind mapping to presentations, meetings, and more. The program is offered publicly in London, Manchester, and Atlanta or can be hosted privately for organizations.
Este documento describe los juegos de los niños en el Parterre del Buen Retiro de Madrid. Detalla cómo los niños de todas las clases sociales juegan juntos en este espacio abierto, corriendo, saltando y divirtiéndose. También habla de cómo las niñas empiezan a mostrar su instinto de coquetería en sus juegos. Finalmente, describe la alegría de los niños al pasear en pequeños carruajes y ómnibus en la glorieta de Oriente.
El documento repite varias veces la frase "Los Padres La hija" y "Los Padres El hijo", insinuando la formación de parejas entre familiares. Luego incluye la frase insultante "Los Padres El hijo...de Puta !", advirtiendo en contra de tales relaciones.
Un sistema de potencia se considera estable si permanece funcionando en un estado operativo aceptable o puede retornar a ese estado luego de ser perturbado. La estabilidad depende de factores como los ángulos de los rotores de las máquinas y las tensiones de las barras de la red. Existen diferentes tipos de inestabilidad como la de ángulo, que ocurre si las máquinas no permanecen sincronizadas luego de una perturbación, y la de tensión, que sucede si las tensiones no se mantienen dentro de rangos aceptables.
Compatibilidad de instalaciones electricas con el ambiente (iae)Eduardo Soracco
Este documento trata sobre la compatibilidad de los sistemas eléctricos con el medio ambiente. El objetivo principal es identificar las fuentes perturbadoras de los sistemas eléctricos y cuantificar sus efectos para armonizar la presencia de estos sistemas con el ambiente. Se analizan los posibles efectos perturbadores sobre personas y equipos, así como los límites, consecuencias y márgenes de incertidumbre de dichos efectos. Se explican conceptos como compatibilidad electromagnética, campos eléctricos y magn
La bujía cumple la función de proporcionar la chispa para encender la mezcla de aire-combustible en el motor. Existen diferentes tipos de bujías Bosch que varían en los materiales del electrodo central y de masa, así como en el número de electrodos de masa. La bujía adecuada depende del tipo de motor y aplicación, y factores como la potencia, compresión y temperatura en la cámara de combustión.
Este documento apresenta a capa de uma sebenta multimédia sobre análise de circuitos elétricos. A sebenta inclui informações como notas sobre o autor, citações, agradecimentos e uma apresentação. Ela também fornece convenções, um índice e links para os capítulos sobre grandezas elétricas, componentes fundamentais de circuitos elétricos e resistência elétrica.
Este documento trata sobre el mantenimiento preventivo de automóviles y describe los tipos de aceite para motores a gasolina y diesel, la viscosidad de los aceites, y los contaminantes más comunes que afectan el desempeño del aceite lubricante. También explica las clasificaciones SAE y API de los aceites y las funciones de los aditivos.
La Pelota de Letras es un exitoso espectáculo de comedia stand-up que retrata con humor las diferentes generaciones en Colombia. Presta especial atención a la generación de la guayaba a la que pertenece el comediante. Aunque comienza como una obra humorística, parece sugerir una propuesta a favor de la Cienciología que ha ayudado al comediante a alcanzar el éxito. El documento analiza los posibles mensajes subyacentes sobre las generaciones y la influencia de la Cienciología en la obra.
1) An op-amp inverting amplifier circuit produces an output voltage that is equal to the negative of the input voltage multiplied by the feedback resistor divided by the input resistor.
2) An op-amp non-inverting amplifier produces an output voltage that is equal to the input voltage multiplied by the feedback resistor divided by the input resistor plus the input voltage.
3) An op-amp summing amplifier adds multiple input voltages together by taking advantage of the op-amp's high input impedance, treating each input separately and summing them at the output.
Here are the key steps in the simulation example:
1. Set PWM controller parameters: FOSC, VREF, VP
2. Set output voltage: Rupper, Rlower
3. Select inductor: L for CCM operation
4. Select capacitor: C, ESR for ripple requirements
5. Extract compensator parameters: C1, C2, R1, R2
6. Simulate and verify switching waveforms, efficiency
The example shows designing, simulating, and verifying the operation of the boost converter to meet the given specifications.
Here are the key steps to stabilize the boost converter control loop:
1. Select a crossover frequency fc lower than the maximum stable frequency.
2. Inject an AC signal and measure the open-loop gain without compensation.
3. Select compensator values R1, R2, C1, C2, C3 to provide sufficient phase margin at fc.
4. Simulate the closed-loop response and verify stability over operating conditions. Adjust compensator as needed.
The compensator provides poles and zeros to shape the open-loop response for stability. Proper selection of fc and compensator component values based on the plant transfer function H(s) is critical for robust performance.
The document discusses operational amplifiers and their use in signal processing applications. It provides 3 key points:
1) Operational amplifiers (op amps) are fundamental building blocks that can be configured using feedback networks to perform operations like amplification, filtering, integration, and more. They are widely used in analog signal processing.
2) An ideal op amp has infinite gain, zero offset voltage, zero input bias current, and high input impedance. Real op amps have limitations like finite gain bandwidth, input offset voltage, bias current, and noise.
3) Op amp circuits are designed using negative feedback to achieve high gain with low output impedance. Feedback forces the difference between the input terminals to zero
The document discusses potentiostats, which are used to control the voltage between a working and reference electrode in electrochemical measurements. It describes the basic components and functions of a potentiostat, including maintaining a constant potential and delivering current. Voltammetry techniques that actively vary the cell potential are also summarized. Key aspects like accuracy, bandwidth, noise, and stability are important characteristics of potentiostats. Operational amplifiers and voltage ramp generators are important components of potentiostat circuitry used to control the electrochemical reaction and output current signals.
SPICE MODEL of uPC24A15HF in SPICE PARK. English Version is http://www.spicepark.net. Japanese Version is http://www.spicepark.com by Bee Technologies.
The document discusses digital to analog converters (DACs), including their purpose of converting digital values to analog voltages, common types like binary weighted resistor and R-2R ladder DACs, key performance characteristics such as resolution, reference voltages, settling time, and errors, and applications in areas like digital audio, function generators, and motor control.
The document discusses operational amplifiers (op amps), including their typical components, pin connections, and applications. It describes how op amps use differential amplifiers and feedback to achieve very high open loop gain and input impedance, creating a virtual ground that allows them to perform mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, differentiation, and integration. Common op amp characteristics are also summarized, such as closed loop gain, common mode rejection ratio, slew rate, input and output resistances, and input/output offset voltages. Finally, the document acknowledges sources for some of the circuit examples.
This document describes an experiment to characterize active band-pass and band-stop filters. Key steps include plotting the gain-frequency response curves for each filter, measuring the center frequency, bandwidth, and quality factor, and comparing these measured values to theoretical calculations based on the circuit components. For the band-pass filter, all measured values agreed closely with calculations. For the band-stop filter, the center frequency matched calculations to within 0.5% and other measured values matched well. The conclusion is that active filters perform similarly to passive filters in allowing or blocking certain frequency bands.
Este documento proporciona una lista de las 1000 palabras más utilizadas en inglés y su traducción al español. La lista incluye las palabras en inglés ordenadas de más a menos utilizadas, junto con su equivalente traducción al español.
Ct 018 Analisis De Redes Con Componentes SiméTricasF Blanco
Este documento presenta el análisis de redes eléctricas trifásicas en condiciones perturbadas utilizando el método de las componentes simétricas. Primero repasa conceptos matemáticos de vectores y componentes simétricas. Luego aplica este método para calcular parámetros en diferentes tipos de cortocircuito como defecto fase-tierra, defecto bifásico a tierra, defecto trifásico y redes con cargas desequilibradas. Finalmente incluye ejemplos numéricos resueltos.
Este documento trata sobre electroneumática. Explica que el control de las válvulas será eléctrico y que las válvulas son servoaccionadas para requerir menos tensión. También describe diferentes técnicas para controlar circuitos electroneumáticos como relés, microprocesadores y PLC. Además, incluye ejemplos de circuitos neumáticos y eléctricos para el control de actuadores lineales de simple y doble efecto. Por último, proporciona instrucciones para prácticas de montaje de estos sistem
Cont Cables Para Instrumentacion Y Control CentelsaF Blanco
Este documento describe cables para control diseñados para operar a 600V y 90°C. Incluye conductores de cobre con aislamiento de PVC y una pantalla de aluminio o cobre. Proporciona detalles técnicos como el número y calibre de conductores, espesor de aislamiento, tensión máxima, radio mínimo de curvatura y capacidad de corriente.
Este documento ofrece consejos para ahorrar energía en el hogar y reducir el costo de la factura eléctrica. Recomienda sustituir las bombillas incandescentes por lámparas de bajo consumo, usar electrodomésticos de manera eficiente a plena carga y con programas económicos, regular la temperatura del refrigerador y mantener buen aislamiento térmico en la casa.
Este documento describe las conexiones comunes de motores eléctricos trifásicos con rotor tipo jaula de ardilla de hasta 600 voltios. Explica las conexiones estrella, triángulo y sus variaciones, así como la marcación de terminales según las normas NEMA e IEC. Además, proporciona tablas sobre la cantidad de terminales y su marcación para diferentes configuraciones de conexión.
Este documento describe el diseño de un circuito DIMMER para controlar la intensidad de un foco de 100W. El circuito consta de una etapa de potencia con un tiristor y un circuito de control electrónico aislado. El circuito de control genera una señal triangular y la compara con un voltaje de referencia variable para producir pulsos de anchura variable, los cuales se envían al tiristor a través de un optoacoplador para controlar el ángulo de encendido y regular la intensidad lumínica del foco.
El documento describe las puertas lógicas básicas utilizadas en sistemas digitales, incluyendo las puertas AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR y XNOR. Explica sus símbolos, tablas de verdad y circuitos equivalentes, destacando que estas puertas son los bloques de construcción básicos de los sistemas digitales y operan con números binarios.
Este documento proporciona una introducción a los circuitos digitales. Explica definiciones básicas de electrónica, la diferencia entre electrónica analógica y digital, y describe brevemente los componentes clave de los circuitos digitales como compuertas lógicas. También resume el desarrollo histórico de la electrónica digital desde sus inicios hasta la invención del transistor.
Codificacion E Identificacion Pares TelefonicosF Blanco
La pandemia de COVID-19 ha tenido un impacto significativo en la economía mundial. Muchos países experimentaron caídas récord en el PIB y aumentos masivos en el desempleo en 2020 debido a los bloqueos y cierres. A medida que se implementan las vacunas, se espera que la economía mundial comience a recuperarse en 2021, aunque el panorama sigue siendo incierto.
This document provides concise summaries of op amp circuits in 3 sentences or less. It begins with basic circuits like inverting amplifiers and summing amplifiers. It then covers signal generation circuits like sine wave oscillators and function generators. The remainder of the document summarizes various signal processing circuits including instrumentation amplifiers, filters, and non-linear circuits.
Este documento describe los conceptos básicos de los circuitos eléctricos, incluyendo la corriente eléctrica, la tensión, la resistencia, la ley de Ohm, y cómo se conectan resistencias en serie y paralelo. También cubre temas como la energía eléctrica, la corriente alterna, los condensadores, los inductores y los transformadores. Explica los fundamentos teóricos necesarios para comprender el funcionamiento de los circuitos eléctricos.
Este documento presenta una introducción a los circuitos integrados lógicos. Explica que los circuitos integrados combinan miles de componentes electrónicos en una sola pieza de silicio, lo que permite construir productos más pequeños de manera más eficiente. También describe los diferentes niveles de integración, como SSI, MSI, LSI y VLSI, dependiendo de la cantidad de transistores en el chip. Finalmente, introduce conceptos clave sobre circuitos integrados como la numeración de pines, el tiempo de retardo de propagación, el tiempo de ascenso y desc
Este documento presenta varios circuitos electrónicos, incluyendo un contador de anillos para lámparas LED, un disparador secundario de flash utilizando un transistor 2N3055, y una fuente simétrica de hasta 20V construida a partir de una fuente simple. También describe circuitos como un receptor de banda ciudadana que opera en 27MHz, un temporizador multipropósito, y un elevador de octava para modificar la tonalidad de voz o instrumentos musicales.
El documento presenta varios circuitos electrónicos relacionados con el control y la instrumentación. Entre ellos se incluyen un relé de sobrecorriente, un fotorrelé de acción positiva y negativa, un detector de paso por cero, amplificadores para transductores y fotodiodos, y circuitos para generar funciones matemáticas como logaritmos y raíces cuadradas. Los circuitos utilizan principalmente amplificadores operacionales y están destinados a aplicaciones de medición e instrumentación.
El documento presenta descripciones breves de varios circuitos electrónicos, incluyendo un intervalador para limpiaparabrisas, un generador de ruido blanco, y un fotovibrato. Cada circuito incluye un diagrama y una explicación de su funcionamiento y componentes clave.
This paper presents a controller for regulating the voltages of a split capacitor used in a four-wire selective active power filter. The controller balances the voltages of the two capacitors while also controlling the total voltage. A model is derived showing the dynamics of the total voltage and difference between capacitor voltages are decoupled, simplifying the controller design. Simulations and experiments show the benefits of regulating both the total voltage and balancing the capacitor voltages for four-wire active power filtering.
This paper presents a controller for regulating the voltages of a split capacitor used in a four-wire selective active power filter. The controller balances the voltages of the two capacitors while also controlling the total voltage. A dynamic model is derived showing the capacitor voltage dynamics are decoupled, simplifying the controller design. Simulations and experiments demonstrate the benefits of regulating both the total voltage and voltage balance with the proposed controller.
Este documento analiza los problemas asociados con el uso de arrancadores de estado sólido para detener lentamente los motores de bombas, incluida la generación de armónicos y resonancias durante las rampas prolongadas. Se propone desconectar los condensadores de compensación de reactiva durante las rampas para evitar resonancias, y rediseñar la compensación para cumplir con los requisitos de factor de potencia. El objetivo final es encontrar un compromiso que permita operar la planta cumpliendo con las normas de compatibilidad electromagnética y compens
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
The Microsoft 365 Migration Tutorial For Beginner.pptxoperationspcvita
This presentation will help you understand the power of Microsoft 365. However, we have mentioned every productivity app included in Office 365. Additionally, we have suggested the migration situation related to Office 365 and how we can help you.
You can also read: https://www.systoolsgroup.com/updates/office-365-tenant-to-tenant-migration-step-by-step-complete-guide/
Dandelion Hashtable: beyond billion requests per second on a commodity serverAntonios Katsarakis
This slide deck presents DLHT, a concurrent in-memory hashtable. Despite efforts to optimize hashtables, that go as far as sacrificing core functionality, state-of-the-art designs still incur multiple memory accesses per request and block request processing in three cases. First, most hashtables block while waiting for data to be retrieved from memory. Second, open-addressing designs, which represent the current state-of-the-art, either cannot free index slots on deletes or must block all requests to do so. Third, index resizes block every request until all objects are copied to the new index. Defying folklore wisdom, DLHT forgoes open-addressing and adopts a fully-featured and memory-aware closed-addressing design based on bounded cache-line-chaining. This design offers lock-free index operations and deletes that free slots instantly, (2) completes most requests with a single memory access, (3) utilizes software prefetching to hide memory latencies, and (4) employs a novel non-blocking and parallel resizing. In a commodity server and a memory-resident workload, DLHT surpasses 1.6B requests per second and provides 3.5x (12x) the throughput of the state-of-the-art closed-addressing (open-addressing) resizable hashtable on Gets (Deletes).
Freshworks Rethinks NoSQL for Rapid Scaling & Cost-EfficiencyScyllaDB
Freshworks creates AI-boosted business software that helps employees work more efficiently and effectively. Managing data across multiple RDBMS and NoSQL databases was already a challenge at their current scale. To prepare for 10X growth, they knew it was time to rethink their database strategy. Learn how they architected a solution that would simplify scaling while keeping costs under control.
[OReilly Superstream] Occupy the Space: A grassroots guide to engineering (an...Jason Yip
The typical problem in product engineering is not bad strategy, so much as “no strategy”. This leads to confusion, lack of motivation, and incoherent action. The next time you look for a strategy and find an empty space, instead of waiting for it to be filled, I will show you how to fill it in yourself. If you’re wrong, it forces a correction. If you’re right, it helps create focus. I’ll share how I’ve approached this in the past, both what works and lessons for what didn’t work so well.
What is an RPA CoE? Session 1 – CoE VisionDianaGray10
In the first session, we will review the organization's vision and how this has an impact on the COE Structure.
Topics covered:
• The role of a steering committee
• How do the organization’s priorities determine CoE Structure?
Speaker:
Chris Bolin, Senior Intelligent Automation Architect Anika Systems
"Choosing proper type of scaling", Olena SyrotaFwdays
Imagine an IoT processing system that is already quite mature and production-ready and for which client coverage is growing and scaling and performance aspects are life and death questions. The system has Redis, MongoDB, and stream processing based on ksqldb. In this talk, firstly, we will analyze scaling approaches and then select the proper ones for our system.
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Discover top-tier mobile app development services, offering innovative solutions for iOS and Android. Enhance your business with custom, user-friendly mobile applications.
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoptionTatiana Kojar
Manage and optimize your license adoption and consumption with SAM4U, an SAP free customer software asset management tool.
SAM4U, an SAP complimentary software asset management tool for customers, delivers a detailed and well-structured overview of license inventory and usage with a user-friendly interface. We offer a hosted, cost-effective, and performance-optimized SAM4U setup in the Skybuffer Cloud environment. You retain ownership of the system and data, while we manage the ABAP 7.58 infrastructure, ensuring fixed Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and exceptional services through the SAP Fiori interface.
In the realm of cybersecurity, offensive security practices act as a critical shield. By simulating real-world attacks in a controlled environment, these techniques expose vulnerabilities before malicious actors can exploit them. This proactive approach allows manufacturers to identify and fix weaknesses, significantly enhancing system security.
This presentation delves into the development of a system designed to mimic Galileo's Open Service signal using software-defined radio (SDR) technology. We'll begin with a foundational overview of both Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and the intricacies of digital signal processing.
The presentation culminates in a live demonstration. We'll showcase the manipulation of Galileo's Open Service pilot signal, simulating an attack on various software and hardware systems. This practical demonstration serves to highlight the potential consequences of unaddressed vulnerabilities, emphasizing the importance of offensive security practices in safeguarding critical infrastructure.
"Frontline Battles with DDoS: Best practices and Lessons Learned", Igor IvaniukFwdays
At this talk we will discuss DDoS protection tools and best practices, discuss network architectures and what AWS has to offer. Also, we will look into one of the largest DDoS attacks on Ukrainian infrastructure that happened in February 2022. We'll see, what techniques helped to keep the web resources available for Ukrainians and how AWS improved DDoS protection for all customers based on Ukraine experience
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
zkStudyClub - LatticeFold: A Lattice-based Folding Scheme and its Application...Alex Pruden
Folding is a recent technique for building efficient recursive SNARKs. Several elegant folding protocols have been proposed, such as Nova, Supernova, Hypernova, Protostar, and others. However, all of them rely on an additively homomorphic commitment scheme based on discrete log, and are therefore not post-quantum secure. In this work we present LatticeFold, the first lattice-based folding protocol based on the Module SIS problem. This folding protocol naturally leads to an efficient recursive lattice-based SNARK and an efficient PCD scheme. LatticeFold supports folding low-degree relations, such as R1CS, as well as high-degree relations, such as CCS. The key challenge is to construct a secure folding protocol that works with the Ajtai commitment scheme. The difficulty, is ensuring that extracted witnesses are low norm through many rounds of folding. We present a novel technique using the sumcheck protocol to ensure that extracted witnesses are always low norm no matter how many rounds of folding are used. Our evaluation of the final proof system suggests that it is as performant as Hypernova, while providing post-quantum security.
Paper Link: https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/257
zkStudyClub - LatticeFold: A Lattice-based Folding Scheme and its Application...
Circuitos Operacionales
1. Op Amp Circuit Collection
National Semiconductor
Op Amp Circuit Collection Application Note 31
February 1978
SECTION 1 BASIC CIRCUITS
Inverting Amplifier Non-Inverting Amplifier
R2
VOUT e b VIN R1 a R2
R1 VOUT e VIN
R1
RIN e R1
TL H 7057 – 2
TL H 7057 – 1
Difference Amplifier Inverting Summing Amplifier
R3 J R1 V
R1 a R2 R4 R2
VOUT e 2b V1
R1 J
a R4 R1 V1 V2 V
VOUT e b R4 a a 3
For R1 e R3 and R2 e R4 R2 R3
R2 R5 e R1UR2UR3UR4
VOUT e (V2 b V1)
R1 For minimum offset error
TL H 7057 – 3 due to input bias current
R1UR2 e R3UR4
For minimum offset error TL H 7057 – 4
due to input bias current
Inverting Amplifier with High Input Impedance
Non-Inverting Summing Amplifier
RS e 1k
Source Impedance
for 1% accuracy
less than 100k
TL H 7057 – 5 gives less than 1%
gain error
TL H 7057 – 6
Fast Inverting Amplifier with High Input Impedance Non-Inverting AC Amplifier
R1 a R2
VOUT e VIN
R1
RIN e R3
R3 e R1UR2
AN-31
TL H 7057 – 8
TL H 7057 – 7
C1995 National Semiconductor Corporation TL H 7057 RRD-B30M115 Printed in U S A
2. Practical Differentiator Integrator
t2
1
1 VOUT e b VIN dt
fc e R1C1 t1
2qR2C1
1
1 1 fc e
fh e e 2qR1C1
2qR1C1 2qR2C2
R1 e R2
fc m fh m funity gain
TL H 7057–9
For minimum offset error due
to input bias current TL H 7057 – 10
Fast Integrator
Current to Voltage Converter
VOUT e lIN R1
For minimum error due to
bias current R2 e R1
TL H 7057 – 12
TL H 7057 – 11
Circuit for Operating the LM101 Circuit for Generating the
without a Negative Supply Second Positive Voltage
TL H 7057–13 TL H 7057 – 14
2
3. Neutralizing Input Capacitance Double-Ended Limit Detector
to Optimize Response Time
R1 VOUT e 4 6V for
CN s CS
R2
VLT s VIN s VUT
VOUT e 0V for
TL H 7057 – 15
VIN k VLT or VIN l VUT
Integrator with Bias Current Compensation
TL H 7057 – 19
Multiple Aperture Window Discriminator
Adjust for zero integrator drift
Current drift typically 0 1 n A C
over b 55 C to 125 C
temperature range
TL H 7057 – 16
Voltage Comparator for Driving
DTL or TTL Integrated Circuits
TL H 7057 – 17
Threshold Detector for Photodiodes
TL H 7057 – 20
TL H 7057 – 18
3
4. Offset Voltage Adjustment for Inverting Amplifiers Offset Voltage Adjustment for Non-Inverting Amplifiers
Using Any Type of Feedback Element Using Any Type of Feedback Element
R1 J
R2
RANGE e g V
R5
GAIN e1a
J
R2 R4 a R2
RANGE e g V
R1 TL H 7057 – 22
TL H 7057–21
Offset Voltage Adjustment for Voltage Followers Offset Voltage Adjustment for Differential Amplifiers
R1 J
R3
RANGE e g V
TL H 7057–23
R2 e R3 a R4
R4 J R1 J
R5 R1
RANGE e g V
a R3
R2
GAIN e
R1 TL H 7057 – 24
Offset Voltage Adjustment for Inverting
Amplifiers Using 10 kX Source Resistance or Less
R1 e 2000 R3UR4
R4UR3 s 10 kX
J
R3UR4
RANGE e g V
R1 TL H 7057 – 25
4
5. SECTION 2 SIGNAL GENERATION
Low Frequency Sine Wave Generator with Quadrature Output
TL H 7057 – 26
High Frequency Sine Wave Generator with Quadrature Output
fo e 10 kHz
TL H 7057 – 27
5
6. Free-Running Multivibrator Wein Bridge Sine Wave Oscillator
R1 e R2
Chosen for oscillation at 100 Hz
C1 e C2 Eldema 1869
TL H 7057–28 10V 14 mA Bulb
1
fe
2qR1 C1
TL H 7057 – 29
Function Generator
TL H 7057 – 30
Pulse Width Modulator
TL H 7057 – 31
6
7. Bilateral Current Source Bilateral Current Source
R3 VIN
IOUT e
R1 R5
R3 e R4 a R5
R1 e R2
R3 VIN
IOUT e
R1 R5
R3 e R4 a R5
R1 e R2 TL H 7057 – 32
TL H 7057 – 33
Wein Bridge Oscillator with FET Amplitude Stabilization
R1 e R2
C1 e C2
1
fe
2qR1 C1 TL H 7057 – 34
7
8. Low Power Supply for Integrated Circuit Testing
VOUT e 1V kX
TL H 7057 – 91
TL H 7057–35
Positive Voltage Reference Positive Voltage Reference
TL H 7057 – 37
TL H 7057–36
8
9. Negative Voltage Reference Negative Voltage Reference
TL H 7057 – 39
TL H 7057 – 38
Precision Current Sink Precision Current Source
VIN
IO e TL H 7057 – 41
R1
VIN t 0V
TL H 7057 – 40
SECTION 3 SIGNAL PROCESSING
Differential-Input Instrumentation Amplifier
R4 R5
e
R2 R3
R4
AV e
R2
TL H 7057 – 42
9
10. Variable Gain Differential-Input Instrumentation Amplifier
Gain adjust
AV e 10b4 R6
TL H 7057 – 43
Instrumentation Amplifier with g 100 Volt Common Mode Range
R3 e R4
R1 e R6 e 10R3
R7
AV e
R6
R1 e R5 e 10R2 Matching determines common
mode rejection
R2 e R3
TL H 7057 – 44
10
11. Instrumentation Amplifier with g 10 Volt Common Mode Range
R1 e R4
R2 e R5
R6 e R7
Matching Determines CMRR
J
R6 2R1
AV e 1a
R2 R3
TL H 7057 – 45
High Input Impedance Instrumentation Amplifier
R1 e R4 R2 e R3
R1
Matching determines CMRR AV e 1 a
R2
May be deleted to maximize bandwidth TL H 7057 – 46
Bridge Amplifier with Low Noise Compensation
Reduces feed through of
power supply noise by 20 dB
and makes supply bypassing
unnecessary
Trim for best common
mode rejection
Gain adjust
TL H 7057 – 47
11
12. Bridge Amplifier Precision Diode
R1 R2
e
RS1 RS2
1 J
R1
VOUT e V a b
RS1
TL H 7057–48 TL H 7057 – 49
Precision Clamp Fast Half Wave Rectifier
EREF must have a source im-
pedance of less than 200X if
D2 is used
TL H 7057–50
TL H 7057 – 51
Precision AC to DC Converter
Feedforward compensation can be used to make a fast full wave rectifier without a filter TL H 7057 – 52
Low Drift Peak Detector
TL H 7057 – 53
12
13. Absolute Value Amplifier with Polarity Detector
R2
VOUT e b l VIN l c
R1
R2 R4 a R3
e
R1 R3
TL H 7057 – 54
Sample and Hold
Polycarbonate-dielectric capacitor
TL H 7057 – 55
Sample and Hold
Worst case drift less than 2 5 mV sec
Teflon Polyethylene or Polycarbonate
Dielectric Capacitor
TL H 7057 – 56
13
14. Low Drift Integrator
TL H 7057 – 57
Q1 and Q3 should not have internal gate-protection diodes Worst case drift less than 500 mV sec over b 55 C to a 125 C
Fast Summing Amplifier with Low Input Current
TL H 7057 – 58
In addition to increasing speed the LM101A raises high and low frequency Power Bandwidth 250 kHz
gain increases output drive capability and eliminates thermal feedback Small Signal Bandwidth 3 5 MHz
Slew Rate 10V ms
6 c 10b8
C5 e
Rf
14
15. Fast Integrator with Low Input Current
TL H 7057 – 59
Adjustable Q Notch Filter
1
fO e
2qR1C1
e 60 Hz
R1 e R2 e R3
C1 e C2 e C23 TL H 7057 – 60
15
16. Easily Tuned Notch Filter
Tuned Circuit
1
fO e
2q0R1R2C1C2
TL H 7057 – 62
R4 e R5
R1 e R3
R4 e R1
1
fO e
2qR40C1C2
TL H 7057 – 61
Two-Stage Tuned Circuit
1
fO e
2q0R1R2C1C2
TL H 7057 – 63
16
17. Negative Capacitance Multiplier
R2
Ce C1
R3
VOS a R2 IOS
IL e
R3
R3(R1 a RIN)
RS e
RIN AVO
TL H 7057 – 65
Variable Capacitance Multiplier
1 J
Rb
Ce a C1
Ra
TL H 7057 – 66
Simulated Inductor Capacitance Multiplier
R1
Ce C1
R3
VOS a IOS R1
IL e
R3
RS e R3
L t R1 R2 C1
RS e R2
RP e R1
TL H 7057 – 67
TL H 7057 – 68
17
18. High Pass Active Filter
TL H 7057 – 71
Values are for 100 Hz cutoff Use metalized polycarbonate capacitors for good temperature stability
Low Pass Active Filter
TL H 7057 – 72
Values are for 10 kHz cutoff Use silvered mica capacitors for good temperature stability
Nonlinear Operational Amplifier with Temperature Compensated Breakpoints
TL H 7057 – 73
18
19. Current Monitor Saturating Servo Preamplifier with
Rate Feedback
R1 R3
VOUT e IL
R2
TL H 7057 – 75
TL H 7057–74
Power Booster
TL H 7057 – 76
19
20. Analog Multiplier
10 J
Vb
R5 e R1
V1 t 0
V1 V2
VOUT e
10
TL H 7057 – 77
Long Interval Timer Fast Zero Crossing Detector
Low leakage b 0 017 mF per second delay
TL H 7057 – 79
Propagation delay approximately 200 ns
TL H 7057 – 78 DTL or TTL fanout of three
Minimize stray capacitance
Pin 8
Amplifier for Piezoelectric Transducer Temperature Probe
Set for 0V at 0 C
Adjust for 100 mV C
TL H 7057 – 81
Low frequency cutoff e R1 C1
TL H 7057–80
20
21. Photodiode Amplifier Photodiode Amplifier
VOUT e R1 ID
VOUT e 10 V mA
TL H 7057 – 82
TL H 7057 – 83
Operating photodiode with less than 3 mV
across it eliminates leakage currents
High Input Impedance AC Follower
TL H 7057 – 84
Temperature Compensated Logarithmic Converter
1 kX ( g 1%) at 25 C a 3500 ppm C
Available from Vishay Ultronix
Grand Junction CO Q81 Series
Determines current for zero
crossing on output 10 mA
as shown
TL H 7057 – 85
10 nA k IIN k 1 mA
Sensitivity is 1V per decade
21
24. Op Amp Circuit Collection
Fast Log Generator
1 kX ( g 1%) at 25 C a 3500 ppm C
Available from Vishay Ultronix
Grand Junction CO Q81 Series
TL H 7057 – 89
Anti-Log Generator
1 kX ( g 1%) at 25 C a 3500 ppm C
Available from Vishay Ultronix
Grand Junction CO Q81 Series
TL H 7057 – 90
LIFE SUPPORT POLICY
NATIONAL’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT
DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL
SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION As used herein
1 Life support devices or systems are devices or 2 A critical component is any component of a life
systems which (a) are intended for surgical implant support device or system whose failure to perform can
into the body or (b) support or sustain life and whose be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life
failure to perform when properly used in accordance support device or system or to affect its safety or
with instructions for use provided in the labeling can effectiveness
be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury
to the user
National Semiconductor National Semiconductor National Semiconductor National Semiconductor
Corporation Europe Hong Kong Ltd Japan Ltd
1111 West Bardin Road Fax (a49) 0-180-530 85 86 13th Floor Straight Block Tel 81-043-299-2309
AN-31
Arlington TX 76017 Email cnjwge tevm2 nsc com Ocean Centre 5 Canton Rd Fax 81-043-299-2408
Tel 1(800) 272-9959 Deutsch Tel (a49) 0-180-530 85 85 Tsimshatsui Kowloon
Fax 1(800) 737-7018 English Tel (a49) 0-180-532 78 32 Hong Kong
Fran ais Tel (a49) 0-180-532 93 58 Tel (852) 2737-1600
Italiano Tel (a49) 0-180-534 16 80 Fax (852) 2736-9960
National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications