This chapter discusses perfect competition and key concepts including:
1) In a perfectly competitive market, firms are price-takers and can sell all output at the market price without impacting the price.
2) Individual firms maximize profits by producing where marginal cost equals marginal revenue.
3) In the long run, entry and exit of firms ensures prices equal minimum average total cost and economic profits are zero.
Lecture 9 - Firms in Competitive Markets.pptRyanJAnward
This document discusses competitive markets and firm behavior. It defines a competitive market as having many small firms, identical products, and free entry and exit. Each firm is a price taker and maximizes profits by producing where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. In the short run, firms will shut down if price is below average variable cost, while in the long run they will exit if price is below average total cost. The market supply curve is determined by the aggregation of individual firm supply curves.
A firm’s pricing market power depends on its competitive environment.
In perfectly competitive markets, firms have no market power. They are “price takers.” They make decisions based on the market price, which they are powerless to influence.
In markets that are not perfectly competitive (which describes most markets), most firms have some degree of market power.
Strategy in the absence of market power
Firms cannot influence price and, because products are not unique, they cannot influence demand by advertising or product differentiation.
Managers in this environment maximize profit by minimizing cost, through the efficient use of resources, and by determining the quantity to produce.
https://azpapers.com/imperfect-competition-market-analysis/
The document discusses the model of perfect competition. It outlines the key assumptions behind a perfectly competitive market, including many suppliers and buyers, homogeneous products, perfect information and no barriers to entry or exit. It also examines characteristics such as firms being price takers. The model shows how markets reach a long-run equilibrium where price equals average cost and normal profits are earned. Perfect competition is said to promote both productive and allocative efficiency. However, the model is largely theoretical as very few real world markets exhibit all the strict assumptions of perfect competition.
The document discusses profit maximization and competitive supply in perfectly competitive markets. It can be summarized as follows:
1. Perfectly competitive markets are characterized by price-taking firms, homogeneous products, and free entry and exit. Firms seek to maximize profits by producing where marginal revenue equals marginal cost.
2. The competitive firm's short-run supply curve slopes upward as higher prices induce firms to increase production. In the long-run, firms adjust all inputs including plant size to minimize average costs and maximize profits.
3. Market supply is the sum of individual firm supplies. It has a kinked shape and is upward sloping in the short-run. In the long-run, firms enter
Students should be able to:
Understand the assumptions of perfect competition and be able to explain the behaviour of firms in this market structure.
Understand the significance of firms as price-takers in perfectly competitive markets. An understanding of the meaning of shut-down point is required. The impact of entry into and exit from the industry should be considered.
The document discusses the characteristics and behavior of firms in a perfectly competitive market. It explains that in the short run, a competitive firm will shut down if price is below average variable cost, while in the long run it will exit the market if price is below average total cost. The firm's marginal cost curve represents its supply curve. The market supply curve is determined by the summation of individual firms' supply. In the long run, free entry and exit will drive profits to zero.
This document provides an overview of perfect competition in 3 chapters and sections:
1) The characteristics of perfect competition and why it matters for firms and markets.
2) How perfectly competitive firms determine optimal output levels by producing where marginal revenue equals marginal cost.
3) How firms enter and exit markets in response to economic profits and losses in the long-run to achieve equilibrium with zero profits.
Perfect competition requires: firms are price takers, many sellers/buyers, free entry/exit, identical products, complete information. In short-run, individual firms maximize profits where marginal cost (MC) equals marginal revenue (MR). Market supply is the sum of individual firm MC curves. In long-run, zero economic profits are achieved as new entry drives prices down until MC equals average costs.
Lecture 9 - Firms in Competitive Markets.pptRyanJAnward
This document discusses competitive markets and firm behavior. It defines a competitive market as having many small firms, identical products, and free entry and exit. Each firm is a price taker and maximizes profits by producing where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. In the short run, firms will shut down if price is below average variable cost, while in the long run they will exit if price is below average total cost. The market supply curve is determined by the aggregation of individual firm supply curves.
A firm’s pricing market power depends on its competitive environment.
In perfectly competitive markets, firms have no market power. They are “price takers.” They make decisions based on the market price, which they are powerless to influence.
In markets that are not perfectly competitive (which describes most markets), most firms have some degree of market power.
Strategy in the absence of market power
Firms cannot influence price and, because products are not unique, they cannot influence demand by advertising or product differentiation.
Managers in this environment maximize profit by minimizing cost, through the efficient use of resources, and by determining the quantity to produce.
https://azpapers.com/imperfect-competition-market-analysis/
The document discusses the model of perfect competition. It outlines the key assumptions behind a perfectly competitive market, including many suppliers and buyers, homogeneous products, perfect information and no barriers to entry or exit. It also examines characteristics such as firms being price takers. The model shows how markets reach a long-run equilibrium where price equals average cost and normal profits are earned. Perfect competition is said to promote both productive and allocative efficiency. However, the model is largely theoretical as very few real world markets exhibit all the strict assumptions of perfect competition.
The document discusses profit maximization and competitive supply in perfectly competitive markets. It can be summarized as follows:
1. Perfectly competitive markets are characterized by price-taking firms, homogeneous products, and free entry and exit. Firms seek to maximize profits by producing where marginal revenue equals marginal cost.
2. The competitive firm's short-run supply curve slopes upward as higher prices induce firms to increase production. In the long-run, firms adjust all inputs including plant size to minimize average costs and maximize profits.
3. Market supply is the sum of individual firm supplies. It has a kinked shape and is upward sloping in the short-run. In the long-run, firms enter
Students should be able to:
Understand the assumptions of perfect competition and be able to explain the behaviour of firms in this market structure.
Understand the significance of firms as price-takers in perfectly competitive markets. An understanding of the meaning of shut-down point is required. The impact of entry into and exit from the industry should be considered.
The document discusses the characteristics and behavior of firms in a perfectly competitive market. It explains that in the short run, a competitive firm will shut down if price is below average variable cost, while in the long run it will exit the market if price is below average total cost. The firm's marginal cost curve represents its supply curve. The market supply curve is determined by the summation of individual firms' supply. In the long run, free entry and exit will drive profits to zero.
This document provides an overview of perfect competition in 3 chapters and sections:
1) The characteristics of perfect competition and why it matters for firms and markets.
2) How perfectly competitive firms determine optimal output levels by producing where marginal revenue equals marginal cost.
3) How firms enter and exit markets in response to economic profits and losses in the long-run to achieve equilibrium with zero profits.
Perfect competition requires: firms are price takers, many sellers/buyers, free entry/exit, identical products, complete information. In short-run, individual firms maximize profits where marginal cost (MC) equals marginal revenue (MR). Market supply is the sum of individual firm MC curves. In long-run, zero economic profits are achieved as new entry drives prices down until MC equals average costs.
This document summarizes key concepts related to monopoly, including:
1) A monopoly firm is the sole seller of a product without close substitutes and can set price. It produces where marginal revenue equals marginal cost, resulting in lower output and higher prices than perfect competition.
2) Monopoly power can be measured by the Lerner Index, which is the excess of price over marginal cost as a proportion of price. Monopoly power is greater when demand is less elastic.
3) A monopoly faces a downward sloping demand curve. Changes in costs, demand, or taxes affect price and quantity in complex ways depending on the elasticity of demand.
Session 10 firms in competitive markets May Primadani
A perfectly competitive market has many small firms, identical products, and free entry and exit. Each firm is a price taker and maximizes profits by producing where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. In the short run, firms will shut down if price is below average variable cost, while in the long run firms will exit if price is below average total cost. Market supply results from the aggregation of individual firm supplies. In the long run, entry and exit of firms drives the market to equilibrium with zero profits.
Principles of Microeconomics Chapter Sevenkmurphy7642
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to perfect competition. It discusses the criteria for perfect competition, including many firms producing identical goods, free entry and exit into the market, and all parties having full information. Firms under perfect competition are price takers and maximize profits by producing where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. In the long run, perfectly competitive markets achieve both productive and allocative efficiency.
This document summarizes a presentation on perfect competition in business economics. It includes:
1) An introduction defining perfect competition and noting it is a theoretical market model with assumptions like many small firms, homogeneous products, and perfect information.
2) An overview of the key assumptions of perfect competition like numerous firms, price-taking behavior, product homogeneity, free entry and exit, and perfect knowledge.
3) Short explanations of demand curves, short-run and long-run equilibrium, marginal costs and revenues, and the relationships between costs, revenues, and profits in different time periods.
4) Mentions advantages of perfect competition include efficient allocation of resources and normal profits in the long-run.
This chapter discusses perfect competition in markets. It begins by introducing lithium as an important input for batteries that has seen rising demand but falling prices. This is explained by the entry of new firms into the lithium industry. The chapter then outlines learning objectives and a chapter outline covering characteristics of perfect competition, how individual firms determine output levels, short-run profits, supply curves, and long-run equilibrium with entry and exit of firms. It also discusses how price is determined through the interaction of market supply and demand.
Perfect competition is a market structure with many small firms, homogeneous products, perfect information and free entry and exit. In the short run, firms maximize profits where marginal cost (MC) equals marginal revenue (MR). Abnormal profits attract new firms, lowering prices to normal profits when MC equals average cost (AC). Allocative efficiency occurs where MC equals average revenue (AR). In the long run, productive, allocative and profit maximizing efficiencies are achieved at the same output level.
This document provides an overview of managerial economics concepts including revenue, costs, profits, and market structures. It discusses how economists and accountants measure costs and profits differently. Firms exist to maximize profits by producing where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. The equilibrium level depends on the relationship between average cost, marginal cost, and marginal revenue curves. Imperfect market structures like monopoly and monopolistic competition are also introduced.
This document discusses the economic model of perfect competition. It begins by outlining the key assumptions of the perfect competition model, including numerous identical buyers and sellers, ease of entry and exit into the market, and complete information. It then examines how individual firms determine output levels in the short run by analyzing total revenue, marginal revenue, and total and marginal costs. In the long run, the document explains how zero economic profits are achieved as firms enter and exit the market in response to changes in costs and demand.
The document discusses market structures, specifically perfect competition. It defines key characteristics of perfect competition including a large number of small firms, homogeneous products, free entry and exit, and firms being price takers. Under perfect competition, each firm's demand curve is perfectly elastic and marginal revenue equals price. Firms produce where price equals marginal cost to maximize profits. In the long run, normal profits are achieved as entry and exit cause supply to equal demand. Perfect competition leads to allocative and productive efficiency.
1. The document provides advice on drawing diagrams for economics exams, including leaving space between text and diagrams and clearly labeling axes.
2. It lists 15 diagrams that could be included in the exam, covering topics like diminishing returns, costs in the short run, and game theory models of oligopoly.
3. Students are advised to draw diagrams to the appropriate technical level and not use simple supply and demand analysis when more complex curves are required.
- Firms in perfectly competitive markets take the market price as given and produce where their marginal costs equal marginal revenue to maximize profits.
- In the short run, an individual firm's supply curve is represented by its marginal cost curve above average variable cost. The industry supply curve is the sum of individual firm supply curves.
- In the long run, firms enter and exit the industry until price equals minimum average total cost and firms earn only normal profits, resulting in a horizontal industry supply curve. However, increasing input prices can cause the long-run supply curve to slope upward.
The document discusses the concept of perfect competition in economics. It provides the key characteristics that define a perfectly competitive market including that there are many small firms, no barriers to entry or exit, identical products, and complete information. Firms are price takers and seek to maximize profits by producing where marginal cost equals marginal revenue. In the long run, perfect competition leads to zero economic profits as new firms enter if profits are positive and firms exit if losses occur.
A competitive market has many small firms that produce identical goods, with free entry and exit. Each firm is a price taker and maximizes profits by producing where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. The competitive firm's supply curve is its marginal cost curve above average variable cost in the short run and above average total cost in the long run. Market supply is the sum of individual firm supplies. In the long run, entry and exit drive the market to equilibrium with price equal to minimum average total cost and zero profits.
This document discusses economic efficiency and different market structures. It begins by defining economic efficiency and its various forms, including allocative efficiency, productive efficiency, and dynamic efficiency. It then examines different market structures - perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly - and evaluates how efficiently each allocates resources. Perfect competition achieves full efficiency while monopoly and imperfect competition can be inefficient. Contestable markets use the threat of entry and exit to make monopolies behave more competitively.
C. Price < min (AVC)
A competitive firm will shut down in the short run if the price it receives is less than the minimum of its average variable cost curve. If price is below average variable cost, the firm is not covering its variable costs and should shut down temporarily.
There are 4 main types of market structures: perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly. Perfect competition is characterized by many small firms, homogeneous products, free entry and exit, and perfect information. Under perfect competition, firms are price takers and marginal revenue equals price. In both the short run and long run, firms will produce where marginal cost equals marginal revenue to maximize profits. The perfectly competitive market leads to productive and allocative efficiency.
This document discusses the characteristics and behavior of firms in competitive markets. It defines a competitive market as having many small firms that produce identical goods, with firms being price takers. In the short run, individual firms supply along their marginal cost curve above average variable cost. In the long run, firms enter and exit until price equals minimum average total cost and firms earn zero economic profit. The market supply curve is determined by the summation of individual firm supply.
This document provides an overview of different market structures, with a focus on perfect competition. It defines key concepts related to revenue, costs, and profit maximization for firms in competitive markets. Perfect competition is characterized by many small firms, homogeneous products, free entry and exit, and perfect information. Under perfect competition, firms are price takers and marginal revenue equals price. Equilibrium occurs where marginal cost equals marginal revenue. The document also discusses long-run equilibrium and how perfect competition leads to allocative efficiency.
This document discusses cost concepts from an accounting and analytical perspective. It defines different types of costs such as fixed, variable, total, average, and marginal cost. It explains the relationship between these costs and how they change with varying levels of output in the short-run and long-run. The short-run cost curves are U-shaped while the long-run average cost curve is U-shaped, reflecting economies and diseconomies of scale. Other concepts covered include opportunity cost, sunk cost, learning curves, and economies of scope.
This document discusses market structures and pricing practices. It covers perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly market structures. For each structure, it describes characteristics, price and output determination in the short and long run, and examples. Perfect competition is considered the most efficient as it achieves allocative and productive efficiency. Monopoly is less efficient due to lower output and higher prices. Monopolistic competition and oligopoly introduce some inefficiencies through product differentiation and interdependence between firms respectively.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like depression and anxiety.
Dixons Carphone is a multinational retailer of telecommunications and electrical goods formed through the 2014 merger of Dixons Retail and Carphone Warehouse Group. It segments customers based on lifecycle stage and understands their interactions, shopping behavior, and average order value. Dixons Carphone aims to provide quality products tailored to customer expectations to increase loyalty. It offers different value propositions and bundles of products targeting the needs of specific customer segments.
This document summarizes key concepts related to monopoly, including:
1) A monopoly firm is the sole seller of a product without close substitutes and can set price. It produces where marginal revenue equals marginal cost, resulting in lower output and higher prices than perfect competition.
2) Monopoly power can be measured by the Lerner Index, which is the excess of price over marginal cost as a proportion of price. Monopoly power is greater when demand is less elastic.
3) A monopoly faces a downward sloping demand curve. Changes in costs, demand, or taxes affect price and quantity in complex ways depending on the elasticity of demand.
Session 10 firms in competitive markets May Primadani
A perfectly competitive market has many small firms, identical products, and free entry and exit. Each firm is a price taker and maximizes profits by producing where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. In the short run, firms will shut down if price is below average variable cost, while in the long run firms will exit if price is below average total cost. Market supply results from the aggregation of individual firm supplies. In the long run, entry and exit of firms drives the market to equilibrium with zero profits.
Principles of Microeconomics Chapter Sevenkmurphy7642
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to perfect competition. It discusses the criteria for perfect competition, including many firms producing identical goods, free entry and exit into the market, and all parties having full information. Firms under perfect competition are price takers and maximize profits by producing where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. In the long run, perfectly competitive markets achieve both productive and allocative efficiency.
This document summarizes a presentation on perfect competition in business economics. It includes:
1) An introduction defining perfect competition and noting it is a theoretical market model with assumptions like many small firms, homogeneous products, and perfect information.
2) An overview of the key assumptions of perfect competition like numerous firms, price-taking behavior, product homogeneity, free entry and exit, and perfect knowledge.
3) Short explanations of demand curves, short-run and long-run equilibrium, marginal costs and revenues, and the relationships between costs, revenues, and profits in different time periods.
4) Mentions advantages of perfect competition include efficient allocation of resources and normal profits in the long-run.
This chapter discusses perfect competition in markets. It begins by introducing lithium as an important input for batteries that has seen rising demand but falling prices. This is explained by the entry of new firms into the lithium industry. The chapter then outlines learning objectives and a chapter outline covering characteristics of perfect competition, how individual firms determine output levels, short-run profits, supply curves, and long-run equilibrium with entry and exit of firms. It also discusses how price is determined through the interaction of market supply and demand.
Perfect competition is a market structure with many small firms, homogeneous products, perfect information and free entry and exit. In the short run, firms maximize profits where marginal cost (MC) equals marginal revenue (MR). Abnormal profits attract new firms, lowering prices to normal profits when MC equals average cost (AC). Allocative efficiency occurs where MC equals average revenue (AR). In the long run, productive, allocative and profit maximizing efficiencies are achieved at the same output level.
This document provides an overview of managerial economics concepts including revenue, costs, profits, and market structures. It discusses how economists and accountants measure costs and profits differently. Firms exist to maximize profits by producing where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. The equilibrium level depends on the relationship between average cost, marginal cost, and marginal revenue curves. Imperfect market structures like monopoly and monopolistic competition are also introduced.
This document discusses the economic model of perfect competition. It begins by outlining the key assumptions of the perfect competition model, including numerous identical buyers and sellers, ease of entry and exit into the market, and complete information. It then examines how individual firms determine output levels in the short run by analyzing total revenue, marginal revenue, and total and marginal costs. In the long run, the document explains how zero economic profits are achieved as firms enter and exit the market in response to changes in costs and demand.
The document discusses market structures, specifically perfect competition. It defines key characteristics of perfect competition including a large number of small firms, homogeneous products, free entry and exit, and firms being price takers. Under perfect competition, each firm's demand curve is perfectly elastic and marginal revenue equals price. Firms produce where price equals marginal cost to maximize profits. In the long run, normal profits are achieved as entry and exit cause supply to equal demand. Perfect competition leads to allocative and productive efficiency.
1. The document provides advice on drawing diagrams for economics exams, including leaving space between text and diagrams and clearly labeling axes.
2. It lists 15 diagrams that could be included in the exam, covering topics like diminishing returns, costs in the short run, and game theory models of oligopoly.
3. Students are advised to draw diagrams to the appropriate technical level and not use simple supply and demand analysis when more complex curves are required.
- Firms in perfectly competitive markets take the market price as given and produce where their marginal costs equal marginal revenue to maximize profits.
- In the short run, an individual firm's supply curve is represented by its marginal cost curve above average variable cost. The industry supply curve is the sum of individual firm supply curves.
- In the long run, firms enter and exit the industry until price equals minimum average total cost and firms earn only normal profits, resulting in a horizontal industry supply curve. However, increasing input prices can cause the long-run supply curve to slope upward.
The document discusses the concept of perfect competition in economics. It provides the key characteristics that define a perfectly competitive market including that there are many small firms, no barriers to entry or exit, identical products, and complete information. Firms are price takers and seek to maximize profits by producing where marginal cost equals marginal revenue. In the long run, perfect competition leads to zero economic profits as new firms enter if profits are positive and firms exit if losses occur.
A competitive market has many small firms that produce identical goods, with free entry and exit. Each firm is a price taker and maximizes profits by producing where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. The competitive firm's supply curve is its marginal cost curve above average variable cost in the short run and above average total cost in the long run. Market supply is the sum of individual firm supplies. In the long run, entry and exit drive the market to equilibrium with price equal to minimum average total cost and zero profits.
This document discusses economic efficiency and different market structures. It begins by defining economic efficiency and its various forms, including allocative efficiency, productive efficiency, and dynamic efficiency. It then examines different market structures - perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly - and evaluates how efficiently each allocates resources. Perfect competition achieves full efficiency while monopoly and imperfect competition can be inefficient. Contestable markets use the threat of entry and exit to make monopolies behave more competitively.
C. Price < min (AVC)
A competitive firm will shut down in the short run if the price it receives is less than the minimum of its average variable cost curve. If price is below average variable cost, the firm is not covering its variable costs and should shut down temporarily.
There are 4 main types of market structures: perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly. Perfect competition is characterized by many small firms, homogeneous products, free entry and exit, and perfect information. Under perfect competition, firms are price takers and marginal revenue equals price. In both the short run and long run, firms will produce where marginal cost equals marginal revenue to maximize profits. The perfectly competitive market leads to productive and allocative efficiency.
This document discusses the characteristics and behavior of firms in competitive markets. It defines a competitive market as having many small firms that produce identical goods, with firms being price takers. In the short run, individual firms supply along their marginal cost curve above average variable cost. In the long run, firms enter and exit until price equals minimum average total cost and firms earn zero economic profit. The market supply curve is determined by the summation of individual firm supply.
This document provides an overview of different market structures, with a focus on perfect competition. It defines key concepts related to revenue, costs, and profit maximization for firms in competitive markets. Perfect competition is characterized by many small firms, homogeneous products, free entry and exit, and perfect information. Under perfect competition, firms are price takers and marginal revenue equals price. Equilibrium occurs where marginal cost equals marginal revenue. The document also discusses long-run equilibrium and how perfect competition leads to allocative efficiency.
This document discusses cost concepts from an accounting and analytical perspective. It defines different types of costs such as fixed, variable, total, average, and marginal cost. It explains the relationship between these costs and how they change with varying levels of output in the short-run and long-run. The short-run cost curves are U-shaped while the long-run average cost curve is U-shaped, reflecting economies and diseconomies of scale. Other concepts covered include opportunity cost, sunk cost, learning curves, and economies of scope.
This document discusses market structures and pricing practices. It covers perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly market structures. For each structure, it describes characteristics, price and output determination in the short and long run, and examples. Perfect competition is considered the most efficient as it achieves allocative and productive efficiency. Monopoly is less efficient due to lower output and higher prices. Monopolistic competition and oligopoly introduce some inefficiencies through product differentiation and interdependence between firms respectively.
Similar to CI-Microeconomics-Ch9-Slides-2015.pptx (20)
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like depression and anxiety.
Dixons Carphone is a multinational retailer of telecommunications and electrical goods formed through the 2014 merger of Dixons Retail and Carphone Warehouse Group. It segments customers based on lifecycle stage and understands their interactions, shopping behavior, and average order value. Dixons Carphone aims to provide quality products tailored to customer expectations to increase loyalty. It offers different value propositions and bundles of products targeting the needs of specific customer segments.
The document analyzes the price behavior of local onions in Bangladesh from September 2021 to April 2022. It finds that the price of local onions fluctuated over this period due to changes in supply and demand. The price increased when supply decreased due to heavy rainfall or artificial crises, and decreased when supply increased from seasonal harvests or imports. Demand and price also rose during Ramadan but fell when cheaper imported onions from India entered the market. The analysis shows how shifts in supply and demand curves impacted the price of local onions over time.
The document summarizes key changes made to taxation in Bangladesh through the Finance Act of 2022. Some key points include:
- Corporate tax was increased from 20% to 25% and minimum tax for companies was kept the same.
- Tax rebates for certain investments were lowered for those earning less than 15 lacs but increased for those earning more.
- No changes were made to personal income tax rates or net wealth surcharge rates.
- TDS rates on imports, supplies, services and interest payments were lowered in some cases.
- VAT submission requirements and exemptions were expanded and penalties for non-compliance were lowered.
- Supplementary duties were increased on various goods including food items, tobacco and vehicles.
This document discusses online learning and the student's experience with it. It defines online learning as education provided over the internet, also known as e-learning. The document outlines some of the good things about online learning, such as improved time management, flexibility, and cost efficiency. It also discusses some of the difficult things, like students who are unmotivated may fall behind and issues with internet access. It stresses the importance of treating online classes the same as regular classes and having the right environment to learn. The conclusion is that despite disadvantages, online learning has advantages and students should try to maximize the benefits and minimize the difficulties.
Local onion production in Bangladesh has increased over time but still does not meet demand, necessitating imports. Demand for local onions is inelastic as it is an essential commodity, while supply is also inelastic as onions are an agricultural product. Several factors impact the price of local onions. When import costs increased, demand rose and prices increased. However, bulk imports from other countries decreased demand and prices fell. Higher domestic production also increased supply and lowered prices. The COVID-19 pandemic initially reduced both supply and demand, stabilizing prices. Later, demand increased for Ramadan while supply recovered more slowly, raising prices briefly. A ban on Indian onion exports again increased demand and prices for local onions.
Poster Template for Foundation Year Project (1).pptxAndreaPitruzzella
The document appears to be a student assignment containing a title, student names and identification numbers, and the name of their tutor. It does not provide enough contextual information to generate a more detailed 3 sentence summary.
An accounting information system (AIS) refers to tools and systems designed for the collection and display of accounting information so accountants and executives can make informed decisions.
A toxic combination of 15 years of low growth, and four decades of high inequality, has left Britain poorer and falling behind its peers. Productivity growth is weak and public investment is low, while wages today are no higher than they were before the financial crisis. Britain needs a new economic strategy to lift itself out of stagnation.
Scotland is in many ways a microcosm of this challenge. It has become a hub for creative industries, is home to several world-class universities and a thriving community of businesses – strengths that need to be harness and leveraged. But it also has high levels of deprivation, with homelessness reaching a record high and nearly half a million people living in very deep poverty last year. Scotland won’t be truly thriving unless it finds ways to ensure that all its inhabitants benefit from growth and investment. This is the central challenge facing policy makers both in Holyrood and Westminster.
What should a new national economic strategy for Scotland include? What would the pursuit of stronger economic growth mean for local, national and UK-wide policy makers? How will economic change affect the jobs we do, the places we live and the businesses we work for? And what are the prospects for cities like Glasgow, and nations like Scotland, in rising to these challenges?
How to Invest in Cryptocurrency for Beginners: A Complete GuideDaniel
Cryptocurrency is digital money that operates independently of a central authority, utilizing cryptography for security. Unlike traditional currencies issued by governments (fiat currencies), cryptocurrencies are decentralized and typically operate on a technology called blockchain. Each cryptocurrency transaction is recorded on a public ledger, ensuring transparency and security.
Cryptocurrencies can be used for various purposes, including online purchases, investment opportunities, and as a means of transferring value globally without the need for intermediaries like banks.
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
The Rise and Fall of Ponzi Schemes in America.pptxDiana Rose
Ponzi schemes, a notorious form of financial fraud, have plagued America’s investment landscape for decades. Named after Charles Ponzi, who orchestrated one of the most infamous schemes in the early 20th century, these fraudulent operations promise high returns with little or no risk, only to collapse and leave investors with significant losses. This article explores the nature of Ponzi schemes, notable cases in American history, their impact on victims, and measures to prevent falling prey to such scams.
Understanding Ponzi Schemes
A Ponzi scheme is an investment scam where returns are paid to earlier investors using the capital from newer investors, rather than from legitimate profit earned. The scheme relies on a constant influx of new investments to continue paying the promised returns. Eventually, when the flow of new money slows down or stops, the scheme collapses, leaving the majority of investors with substantial financial losses.
Historical Context: Charles Ponzi and His Legacy
Charles Ponzi is the namesake of this deceptive practice. In the 1920s, Ponzi promised investors in Boston a 50% return within 45 days or 100% return in 90 days through arbitrage of international reply coupons. Initially, he paid returns as promised, not from profits, but from the investments of new participants. When his scheme unraveled, it resulted in losses exceeding $20 million (equivalent to about $270 million today).
Notable American Ponzi Schemes
1. Bernie Madoff: Perhaps the most notorious Ponzi scheme in recent history, Bernie Madoff’s fraud involved $65 billion. Madoff, a well-respected figure in the financial industry, promised steady, high returns through a secretive investment strategy. His scheme lasted for decades before collapsing in 2008, devastating thousands of investors, including individuals, charities, and institutional clients.
2. Allen Stanford: Through his company, Stanford Financial Group, Allen Stanford orchestrated a $7 billion Ponzi scheme, luring investors with fraudulent certificates of deposit issued by his offshore bank. Stanford promised high returns and lavish lifestyle benefits to his investors, which ultimately led to a 110-year prison sentence for the financier in 2012.
3. Tom Petters: In a scheme that lasted more than a decade, Tom Petters ran a $3.65 billion Ponzi scheme, using his company, Petters Group Worldwide. He claimed to buy and sell consumer electronics, but in reality, he used new investments to pay off old debts and fund his extravagant lifestyle. Petters was convicted in 2009 and sentenced to 50 years in prison.
4. Eric Dalius and Saivian: Eric Dalius, a prominent figure behind Saivian, a cashback program promising high returns, is under scrutiny for allegedly orchestrating a Ponzi scheme. Saivian enticed investors with promises of up to 20% cash back on everyday purchases. However, investigations suggest that the returns were paid using new investments rather than legitimate profits. The collapse of Saivian l
KYC Compliance: A Cornerstone of Global Crypto Regulatory FrameworksAny kyc Account
This presentation explores the pivotal role of KYC compliance in shaping and enforcing global regulations within the dynamic landscape of cryptocurrencies. Dive into the intricate connection between KYC practices and the evolving legal frameworks governing the crypto industry.
University of North Carolina at Charlotte degree offer diploma Transcripttscdzuip
办理美国UNCC毕业证书制作北卡大学夏洛特分校假文凭定制Q微168899991做UNCC留信网教留服认证海牙认证改UNCC成绩单GPA做UNCC假学位证假文凭高仿毕业证GRE代考如何申请北卡罗莱纳大学夏洛特分校University of North Carolina at Charlotte degree offer diploma Transcript
South Dakota State University degree offer diploma Transcriptynfqplhm
办理美国SDSU毕业证书制作南达科他州立大学假文凭定制Q微168899991做SDSU留信网教留服认证海牙认证改SDSU成绩单GPA做SDSU假学位证假文凭高仿毕业证GRE代考如何申请南达科他州立大学South Dakota State University degree offer diploma Transcript
Dr. Alyce Su Cover Story - China's Investment Leadermsthrill
In World Expo 2010 Shanghai – the most visited Expo in the World History
https://www.britannica.com/event/Expo-Shanghai-2010
China’s official organizer of the Expo, CCPIT (China Council for the Promotion of International Trade https://en.ccpit.org/) has chosen Dr. Alyce Su as the Cover Person with Cover Story, in the Expo’s official magazine distributed throughout the Expo, showcasing China’s New Generation of Leaders to the World.