Chronopharmacology is the branch of science focusing on biological rhythms and mechanism and application of chronopharmacology in various diseases.

1. PRESENTED BY:- PRAJAKTA ASHOK BHANDARKAR
CHRONOPHRMACOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS OF
CHRONOTHERAPY IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
F.Y. M .PHARM
R. C. PATEL INSTITUTE OF PHARMACETICAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH SHIRPUR
Department of Pharmacology

2. 1) Introduction (chronopharmacology)
2) Biological rhythm
3) Circadian rhythm
4) Human circadian time structure
5) Biological Clock
6) Advantages
7) Application in cardiovascular disorder
8) References

3. Chrono - Pharmacology
INTRODUCTION
 Chronology : The arrangement of events according to the
time of occurrence
 Rhythm
 CHRONOBIOLOGY :- The science dealing with the
phenomenon of rhythmicity in living organisms

4. Jean-Jaques d’Ortous de Mairan :
described circadian rhythms of plants in the
18th century.
Dr. Franz Halberg
 coined the term ‘Circadian’ in 20th century.
 (circa – about or approximately; dies-day, or
about 24 hour).
 Considered as one of the founders of
Modern Chronobiology.
HISTORY

5. CHRONOPHARMACOLOGY
It is a Science dealing with optimization of
drug effects & minimization of adverse effects
by timing medications in relation to biological
rhythm. It is concerned with the effects of
drugs upon the timing of biological events and
rhythms

6. CRONO-
PHARMACOLOGY
CHRONOPHARMACOLOGY SUBDIVIDED INTO

7. Biological rhythm
 A biological rhythm is a self-
sustaining oscillation with the
duration of time between
successive repetitions (i.e; the
period) being rather non-varying
under normal conditions.
 same events occurring in the
body of a living being over a
particular time interval

9. Biological Rhythm Type

11. BIOLOGICAL CLOCK

12. HUMAN CIRCADIAN TIME STRUTURE
PEAK TIME OF FUNCTIONS

13. DISEASE RHYTHM
CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS OF DISEASES
Peak Time of event/variables

14. BIOLOGICAL CLOCK IN HUMAN

15. ADVANTAGES
It Prevents An Overdosing Of Any
Class Of Drug.
It Makes The Utilization Of The Drug More
Appropriate And Thus The Value Of A
Drug Is Increased.
It Reduces The Unnecessary Side Effects Of
A Drug And Helps In Caring Out The
Treatment For Only A Particular Or Limited
Period Of Time

16. APPLICATIONS OF CHRONOPHARMACOLOGY
Cardiovascular
Disorders
Diabetes Rheumatoid
Arthritis
Cancer GI Tract
Disorders
Allergies Asthma
Therapy
Addison’s
disease
CNS

17. Applied Chronopharmacology On Cardiovascular Diseases
Myocardial infarction
Sudden cardiac death
Angina pectoris
Transient ischemic attacks /
Stroke
• High incidence between 6am
and 12 noon

19. BLOOD PRESSURE RHYTHM

20. OBJECTIVE
Deliver drug in high
conc. During great
need
o ACE inhibitors
o Nifedipine
o Amlodipine
in night time
The first
chronotherapeutic
therapy for
hypertension and
angina pectoris

21.  Matches drug delivery to the circadian pattern
of blood pressure and rhythm of
myocardialischemia.
 Verapamil has been employed
 When the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme
A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors were first
introduced, morning dosing was recommended

22. PEAK TIME OF FUNCTIONS

23. PREVENTION
 This strategy was re-evaluated after
the discovery of the circadian rhythm
of cholesterol biosynthesis in which
higher rates of cholesterol intake and
hepatic cholestrogenesis occur during
the evening hours, even in the fasting
state.

24. Except Atorvastatin all (HMG-CoA)
reductase inhibitors are
administered between the evening
meals and sleep.
Bedtime (but not morning) aspirin
dosing best for preventing
pregnancy-induced hypertension
and preeclampsia.

25. Aspirin – maximum antiplatelet effect
in the morning.
.
Atenolol – more effective during day
time
Enalapril
o Peak effect in the afternoon
after morning dose
o Early morning after evening
dose

26. CONCLUSION
The major objective of this is to inform biologists,
clinicians, pharmaceutical scientists and other
professional about the importance of biological
clocks & Chronopharmacology to human health
and disease also motivate the investigator to
develop new tools for the treatment of
cardiovascular diseases
Also provide a new ideas to use of older or already
well-established active pharmaceutical ingredients
for the treatment of various diseases

29. REFERENCES
1. Chronopharmacology and its Aspects, www.pharmainfo.net
2. Prajapati P and patel C. Chronopharmacolgy and
chronopharmaceutical of cardiovascular disease. Res. J
pharma. Bio. Chem. Sci. 2011;2:(2): 740-48
3. Singh R, Sharma PK, Malviya R. Review on
Chronopharmaceutices – a new remedy in the treatment of
various diseases. European j biological. Sci. 2010; 2(3): 67-76
4. Maurya Krishna, Review on Chronopharmacology: A Therapy
for Cardiovascular diseases. Pharma journal Vol.1 No 32012: 6-
15

30. “The rhythm of the body the melody of the
mind and the harmony of the soul create the
symphony of life.’’
-Prajakta A. B.
THANK YOU
for your valuable time……