Chris Nowinski did a presentation on sports-related Brain Injuries at the Independent Retired Football Players Summit at the South Point Resort & Casino in Las Vegas May 2009
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a degenerative brain disease caused by repetitive head trauma. CTE is characterized by tau protein deposits in the brain that can cause behavioral, mood, and cognitive issues. Boston University has been researching CTE since 1996 and studying cases in boxers, football players, hockey players, and others exposed to repetitive brain trauma. Future areas of study include improved detection methods, risk factors, and potential treatments.
This document discusses chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by repetitive head trauma. CTE is characterized by tau protein deposits in the brain and is associated with athletes, military personnel, and others with a history of repetitive brain injury. The document covers the clinical presentation, pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis, and prognosis of CTE. CTE symptoms often present later in life and worsen over time, progressing through four stages of severity. The disease results from axonal damage and neuroinflammation triggered by head impacts that cause tau protein abnormalities and neurodegeneration.
Mild traumatic brain injuries are an inherent risk in contact sports but are often misunderstood or seen as a sign of weakness. All involved in such sports must be educated on concussion signs, symptoms, and risks to ensure athlete safety through proper diagnosis and management. Multiple concussions and failure to report symptoms can have long-term health effects, so guidelines are needed at all levels to protect players and treat even mild injuries as brain injuries.
This document discusses concussions and contusions, providing information on their causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It then discusses how repeated head injuries may be linked to the neurodegenerative disease Parkinson's. The document outlines the symptoms and progression of Parkinson's as well as current treatment options, which aim to manage symptoms as there is no cure. It suggests alternative therapies may provide relief for some Parkinson's patients and notes the disease results from loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain.
The document summarizes research on traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), including their pathophysiology, treatment, and prevention. It discusses the Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center (DVBIC) and its role in conducting TBI research and clinical care. It also outlines the mechanisms, types, symptoms, and natural history of TBIs, as well as treatments focused on education, rehabilitation, and medication management. While studies on pharmacologic treatments were limited, guidelines were established for using methylphenidate for attention deficits and beta-blockers for aggression reduction post-TBI.
"You seem anxious. Let's use your cue cards."
Me: "Okay, I'll try the relaxation techniques on the cards."
The Techniques of Neuropsychotherapy
The Techniques of Neuropsychotherapy
Role Playing:
You: "I'm sorry, I forgot our appointment."
Therapist: "That's okay, I understand. Let's reschedule for next week and in the meantime try writing it down."
You: "Writing it down is a good idea. I'll put it in my calendar right now so I don't forget."
Therapist: "Great. See you next week then."
You: "Thanks for being understanding."
The Techniques
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a degenerative brain disease caused by repetitive head trauma. CTE is characterized by tau protein deposits in the brain that can cause behavioral, mood, and cognitive issues. Boston University has been researching CTE since 1996 and studying cases in boxers, football players, hockey players, and others exposed to repetitive brain trauma. Future areas of study include improved detection methods, risk factors, and potential treatments.
This document discusses chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by repetitive head trauma. CTE is characterized by tau protein deposits in the brain and is associated with athletes, military personnel, and others with a history of repetitive brain injury. The document covers the clinical presentation, pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis, and prognosis of CTE. CTE symptoms often present later in life and worsen over time, progressing through four stages of severity. The disease results from axonal damage and neuroinflammation triggered by head impacts that cause tau protein abnormalities and neurodegeneration.
Mild traumatic brain injuries are an inherent risk in contact sports but are often misunderstood or seen as a sign of weakness. All involved in such sports must be educated on concussion signs, symptoms, and risks to ensure athlete safety through proper diagnosis and management. Multiple concussions and failure to report symptoms can have long-term health effects, so guidelines are needed at all levels to protect players and treat even mild injuries as brain injuries.
This document discusses concussions and contusions, providing information on their causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It then discusses how repeated head injuries may be linked to the neurodegenerative disease Parkinson's. The document outlines the symptoms and progression of Parkinson's as well as current treatment options, which aim to manage symptoms as there is no cure. It suggests alternative therapies may provide relief for some Parkinson's patients and notes the disease results from loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain.
The document summarizes research on traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), including their pathophysiology, treatment, and prevention. It discusses the Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center (DVBIC) and its role in conducting TBI research and clinical care. It also outlines the mechanisms, types, symptoms, and natural history of TBIs, as well as treatments focused on education, rehabilitation, and medication management. While studies on pharmacologic treatments were limited, guidelines were established for using methylphenidate for attention deficits and beta-blockers for aggression reduction post-TBI.
"You seem anxious. Let's use your cue cards."
Me: "Okay, I'll try the relaxation techniques on the cards."
The Techniques of Neuropsychotherapy
The Techniques of Neuropsychotherapy
Role Playing:
You: "I'm sorry, I forgot our appointment."
Therapist: "That's okay, I understand. Let's reschedule for next week and in the meantime try writing it down."
You: "Writing it down is a good idea. I'll put it in my calendar right now so I don't forget."
Therapist: "Great. See you next week then."
You: "Thanks for being understanding."
The Techniques
The document discusses concussion management in youth sports. It outlines that concussions are a serious public health issue, especially among children and adolescents involved in sports. Return to play protocols should be conservative for young athletes, involving complete resolution of symptoms and a gradual, stepwise return to full activities. Neurocognitive testing is important to compare injured athletes to their own baseline data to guide safe return to school and sports.
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive brain disorder that destroys memory and cognitive skills. Dr. Alois Alzheimer first described it in 1906 after examining a woman with dementia. The disease is characterized by beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Current treatments aim to improve symptoms but do not stop the underlying disease process. Researchers are exploring therapies targeting amyloid and tau proteins as well as other mechanisms to find a cure.
This document summarizes information from an international consensus statement on concussion in sport from 2012. It discusses the definition of concussion, mechanisms of injury, signs and symptoms, assessment tools like SCAT3, management including removal from play and a graded return to play protocol, and special considerations for child and adolescent athletes. The key points are that concussion results in functional rather than structural brain injury, involves a complex set of pathophysiological processes, and is best managed with initial rest followed by a gradual return to activity once symptoms have resolved to prevent re-injury.
This document discusses Alzheimer's disease including:
- The incidence of Alzheimer's is increasing worldwide, currently affecting over 5 million Americans.
- The disease causes memory loss and cognitive decline and eventually affects basic tasks. Common risk factors include age, family history, head injuries, and medical conditions like diabetes.
- Pathophysiologically, Alzheimer's is characterized by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain that damage neurons. Stages range from mild cognitive impairment to severe dementia. Diagnosis involves medical history, exams, neuropsychological tests, and brain imaging. Currently, treatment focuses on medications to improve symptoms.
This presentation provides an overview of multiple sclerosis (MS). It defines MS as an immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system where myelin is destroyed. Symptoms can include sensory and mobility issues as well as cognitive and psychological problems. Diagnosis involves MRI, lumbar puncture, and evoked potential studies. Management focuses on symptomatic treatment and disease-modifying drugs. Nursing care aims to improve mobility and elimination while preventing injury through safety measures and assistive devices. Recent studies examine cognitive dysfunction in MS and its effects on daily living.
This document provides an overview of Alzheimer's disease including its symptoms, impacts, statistics, effects on the brain, phases, and research on causes and treatment. Alzheimer's is an irreversible brain disease that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills. It is caused by plaques and tangles that build up in the brain, and risk increases with age. Current treatments can only temporarily improve symptoms as there is no cure.
Alzheimer's is the most common form of dementia, a general term for memory loss and other intellectual abilities serious enough to interfere with daily life. Alzheimer's disease accounts for 60 to 80 percent of dementia cases.
Congenital diseases causing Spinal Cord CompressionRAMA UNIVERSITY
Compression of spinal cord is a serious anomaly which gives rise serious comorbidities with respect to the site of its occurrence. There can be varies reasons for compression of spinal cord which can be either acquired during the life processes or can be congenital. Diseases which lead to congenitally compressing the spinal cord have been explained in brief.
Some conditions are the most important factor for compression of spinal cord at various levels and earlier diagnosis of which can not only prevent but also make the patients liable for early rehabilitative regimes. Conditions like Spina Bifida, Tethered Cord, fault at notochord formation, etc. can be summarised to understand the basic concept and knowledge regarding the conditions.
The document provides an overview of Alzheimer's disease including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis and potential treatments. It discusses how the disease is characterized by progressive cognitive decline and brain cell loss and death. The main causes proposed are the amyloid hypothesis, which suggests beta-amyloid plaques are fundamental, and the cholinergic hypothesis, which implicates reduced acetylcholine levels. The mechanisms involve plaque and tangle formations that disrupt cell signaling in the brain and its neuron transport system.
This document provides information on spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), including its genetics, epidemiology, classification, clinical features, diagnosis, management, and clinical trials of potential treatments. SMA is caused by a loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord due to a defect in the SMN1 gene and results in progressive muscle weakness. It is classified into five types based on age of onset and severity. Current management involves a multidisciplinary approach including nutritional and respiratory support as well as pharmacological treatments such as nusinersen, onasemnogene abeparvovec, and risdiplam which are being investigated in clinical trials as potential disease-modifying therapies.
This document provides an overview of multiple sclerosis (MS), including its epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Some key points:
1. MS typically affects people between the ages of 15-45 and is more common in women. It has a variable geographic distribution and prevalence of around 0.1% in the US.
2. The pathophysiology involves chronic inflammation and demyelination in the central nervous system resulting in neurological deficits. MRI is an important tool for diagnosis and monitoring disease progression.
3. Clinical symptoms can include visual disturbances, motor and sensory problems, fatigue, and cognitive issues. Relapsing-remitting is the most common disease course.
This document summarizes traumatic brain injury (TBI), including its causes, types, symptoms, treatment and outcomes. It discusses the epidemiology of TBI, noting it is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. It describes the two main types of TBI - open and closed head injuries. It also summarizes the potential psychiatric issues after TBI like depression, mania, psychosis, OCD, PTSD and personality changes. Finally, it discusses factors that can influence outcomes, noting that 30-35% of severe brain injury cases result in death.
Understanding, Diagnosing, and Classifying MS Symptom Managementericss1234_msvn
Understanding, Diagnosing, and Classifying MS Symptom Management. Presented by Tricia Pagnotta, MSN, ARNP, CNRN, MSCN at the MS Views and News Education Seminar Maitland, Fl on April 2013
The document discusses Alzheimer's disease (AD) and herbal treatments for it. It provides details on what AD is, risk factors, symptoms, and the plaques and tangles involved. Several herbal drugs that may help treat AD are then described in detail, including their active constituents, mechanisms of action, dosages, and other pharmacological properties. Key herbal drugs discussed are Ginkgo biloba, Galanthus woronowii, Curcuma longa, Centella asiatica, and others. The conclusion states that herbal treatments can help manage but not cure AD, and lifestyle changes along with herbal drugs are needed.
Progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) can be primary progressive or secondary progressive and occurs on a spectrum with relapsing MS. Treatment approaches for progressive MS include immunomodulation, B-cell therapies like ocrelizumab which is approved for primary progressive MS, and neuroprotective agents. Monitoring for progression may involve markers like neurofilament light chain in serum and cerebrospinal fluid as well as optical coherence tomography and spinal cord MRI measures. Management of progressive MS also focuses on controlling medical comorbidities.
- The aging population has spurred research into how the brain ages, as life expectancy has increased from 47 years in 1900 to over 75 years currently.
- While some mental decline does occur with age, it is generally mild for most people. Severe decline is often due to diseases like Alzheimer's rather than normal aging.
- Environmental factors like education, physical and mental activity, sleep, and diet appear to influence brain aging, with stimulating environments and healthy behaviors linked to better cognitive functioning in old age.
The document provides information about Alzheimer's disease. It discusses:
- The objectives of educating people about Alzheimer's and how to prevent and control it.
- What Alzheimer's disease is, its causes, risk factors, signs and symptoms, stages of progression, diagnosis, and current treatment approaches.
- Key points include that it is a progressive brain disorder that destroys memory and thinking skills, and that while there is no cure, treatments can temporarily slow the worsening of dementia symptoms.
The summary captures the key topics and goals covered in the document in a concise manner.
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disorder that affects the central nervous system through demyelination of nerve fibers. It typically presents in young to middle-aged adults and is more common in women. Symptoms can include visual disturbances, weakness, sensory changes, and impairments in coordination. Diagnosis involves MRI, spinal fluid analysis, and evoked potential tests. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms, reducing inflammation and relapses, and physical/occupational therapy. Nursing care centers around safety, mobility, self-care, and managing complications.
This document discusses the history of concussions and second impact syndrome in high school athletics. It covers several key points:
- Concussions were first described in football in the early 1900s and strategies were developed to monitor injured players.
- There are several misconceptions about concussions, such as only occurring in certain sports or requiring loss of consciousness. In reality, they can occur in many sports and without LOC.
- The condition of second impact syndrome was defined in the 1980s, where a second concussion before symptoms of an initial one resolve can have catastrophic results, including death.
- Incidence rates of concussions have been studied across many sports using different data sources, with wide
Effect of Sports-Related TBI on Human PsychologyHailey Wagner
A look at how sports-related traumatic brain injuries, such as concussions, affect humans psychologically and neurologically.
Emphasis is placed on the looming threat of CTE, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, in professional athletes and its devastating impact on the human psyche.
The document discusses concussion management in youth sports. It outlines that concussions are a serious public health issue, especially among children and adolescents involved in sports. Return to play protocols should be conservative for young athletes, involving complete resolution of symptoms and a gradual, stepwise return to full activities. Neurocognitive testing is important to compare injured athletes to their own baseline data to guide safe return to school and sports.
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive brain disorder that destroys memory and cognitive skills. Dr. Alois Alzheimer first described it in 1906 after examining a woman with dementia. The disease is characterized by beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Current treatments aim to improve symptoms but do not stop the underlying disease process. Researchers are exploring therapies targeting amyloid and tau proteins as well as other mechanisms to find a cure.
This document summarizes information from an international consensus statement on concussion in sport from 2012. It discusses the definition of concussion, mechanisms of injury, signs and symptoms, assessment tools like SCAT3, management including removal from play and a graded return to play protocol, and special considerations for child and adolescent athletes. The key points are that concussion results in functional rather than structural brain injury, involves a complex set of pathophysiological processes, and is best managed with initial rest followed by a gradual return to activity once symptoms have resolved to prevent re-injury.
This document discusses Alzheimer's disease including:
- The incidence of Alzheimer's is increasing worldwide, currently affecting over 5 million Americans.
- The disease causes memory loss and cognitive decline and eventually affects basic tasks. Common risk factors include age, family history, head injuries, and medical conditions like diabetes.
- Pathophysiologically, Alzheimer's is characterized by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain that damage neurons. Stages range from mild cognitive impairment to severe dementia. Diagnosis involves medical history, exams, neuropsychological tests, and brain imaging. Currently, treatment focuses on medications to improve symptoms.
This presentation provides an overview of multiple sclerosis (MS). It defines MS as an immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system where myelin is destroyed. Symptoms can include sensory and mobility issues as well as cognitive and psychological problems. Diagnosis involves MRI, lumbar puncture, and evoked potential studies. Management focuses on symptomatic treatment and disease-modifying drugs. Nursing care aims to improve mobility and elimination while preventing injury through safety measures and assistive devices. Recent studies examine cognitive dysfunction in MS and its effects on daily living.
This document provides an overview of Alzheimer's disease including its symptoms, impacts, statistics, effects on the brain, phases, and research on causes and treatment. Alzheimer's is an irreversible brain disease that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills. It is caused by plaques and tangles that build up in the brain, and risk increases with age. Current treatments can only temporarily improve symptoms as there is no cure.
Alzheimer's is the most common form of dementia, a general term for memory loss and other intellectual abilities serious enough to interfere with daily life. Alzheimer's disease accounts for 60 to 80 percent of dementia cases.
Congenital diseases causing Spinal Cord CompressionRAMA UNIVERSITY
Compression of spinal cord is a serious anomaly which gives rise serious comorbidities with respect to the site of its occurrence. There can be varies reasons for compression of spinal cord which can be either acquired during the life processes or can be congenital. Diseases which lead to congenitally compressing the spinal cord have been explained in brief.
Some conditions are the most important factor for compression of spinal cord at various levels and earlier diagnosis of which can not only prevent but also make the patients liable for early rehabilitative regimes. Conditions like Spina Bifida, Tethered Cord, fault at notochord formation, etc. can be summarised to understand the basic concept and knowledge regarding the conditions.
The document provides an overview of Alzheimer's disease including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis and potential treatments. It discusses how the disease is characterized by progressive cognitive decline and brain cell loss and death. The main causes proposed are the amyloid hypothesis, which suggests beta-amyloid plaques are fundamental, and the cholinergic hypothesis, which implicates reduced acetylcholine levels. The mechanisms involve plaque and tangle formations that disrupt cell signaling in the brain and its neuron transport system.
This document provides information on spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), including its genetics, epidemiology, classification, clinical features, diagnosis, management, and clinical trials of potential treatments. SMA is caused by a loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord due to a defect in the SMN1 gene and results in progressive muscle weakness. It is classified into five types based on age of onset and severity. Current management involves a multidisciplinary approach including nutritional and respiratory support as well as pharmacological treatments such as nusinersen, onasemnogene abeparvovec, and risdiplam which are being investigated in clinical trials as potential disease-modifying therapies.
This document provides an overview of multiple sclerosis (MS), including its epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Some key points:
1. MS typically affects people between the ages of 15-45 and is more common in women. It has a variable geographic distribution and prevalence of around 0.1% in the US.
2. The pathophysiology involves chronic inflammation and demyelination in the central nervous system resulting in neurological deficits. MRI is an important tool for diagnosis and monitoring disease progression.
3. Clinical symptoms can include visual disturbances, motor and sensory problems, fatigue, and cognitive issues. Relapsing-remitting is the most common disease course.
This document summarizes traumatic brain injury (TBI), including its causes, types, symptoms, treatment and outcomes. It discusses the epidemiology of TBI, noting it is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. It describes the two main types of TBI - open and closed head injuries. It also summarizes the potential psychiatric issues after TBI like depression, mania, psychosis, OCD, PTSD and personality changes. Finally, it discusses factors that can influence outcomes, noting that 30-35% of severe brain injury cases result in death.
Understanding, Diagnosing, and Classifying MS Symptom Managementericss1234_msvn
Understanding, Diagnosing, and Classifying MS Symptom Management. Presented by Tricia Pagnotta, MSN, ARNP, CNRN, MSCN at the MS Views and News Education Seminar Maitland, Fl on April 2013
The document discusses Alzheimer's disease (AD) and herbal treatments for it. It provides details on what AD is, risk factors, symptoms, and the plaques and tangles involved. Several herbal drugs that may help treat AD are then described in detail, including their active constituents, mechanisms of action, dosages, and other pharmacological properties. Key herbal drugs discussed are Ginkgo biloba, Galanthus woronowii, Curcuma longa, Centella asiatica, and others. The conclusion states that herbal treatments can help manage but not cure AD, and lifestyle changes along with herbal drugs are needed.
Progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) can be primary progressive or secondary progressive and occurs on a spectrum with relapsing MS. Treatment approaches for progressive MS include immunomodulation, B-cell therapies like ocrelizumab which is approved for primary progressive MS, and neuroprotective agents. Monitoring for progression may involve markers like neurofilament light chain in serum and cerebrospinal fluid as well as optical coherence tomography and spinal cord MRI measures. Management of progressive MS also focuses on controlling medical comorbidities.
- The aging population has spurred research into how the brain ages, as life expectancy has increased from 47 years in 1900 to over 75 years currently.
- While some mental decline does occur with age, it is generally mild for most people. Severe decline is often due to diseases like Alzheimer's rather than normal aging.
- Environmental factors like education, physical and mental activity, sleep, and diet appear to influence brain aging, with stimulating environments and healthy behaviors linked to better cognitive functioning in old age.
The document provides information about Alzheimer's disease. It discusses:
- The objectives of educating people about Alzheimer's and how to prevent and control it.
- What Alzheimer's disease is, its causes, risk factors, signs and symptoms, stages of progression, diagnosis, and current treatment approaches.
- Key points include that it is a progressive brain disorder that destroys memory and thinking skills, and that while there is no cure, treatments can temporarily slow the worsening of dementia symptoms.
The summary captures the key topics and goals covered in the document in a concise manner.
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disorder that affects the central nervous system through demyelination of nerve fibers. It typically presents in young to middle-aged adults and is more common in women. Symptoms can include visual disturbances, weakness, sensory changes, and impairments in coordination. Diagnosis involves MRI, spinal fluid analysis, and evoked potential tests. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms, reducing inflammation and relapses, and physical/occupational therapy. Nursing care centers around safety, mobility, self-care, and managing complications.
This document discusses the history of concussions and second impact syndrome in high school athletics. It covers several key points:
- Concussions were first described in football in the early 1900s and strategies were developed to monitor injured players.
- There are several misconceptions about concussions, such as only occurring in certain sports or requiring loss of consciousness. In reality, they can occur in many sports and without LOC.
- The condition of second impact syndrome was defined in the 1980s, where a second concussion before symptoms of an initial one resolve can have catastrophic results, including death.
- Incidence rates of concussions have been studied across many sports using different data sources, with wide
Effect of Sports-Related TBI on Human PsychologyHailey Wagner
A look at how sports-related traumatic brain injuries, such as concussions, affect humans psychologically and neurologically.
Emphasis is placed on the looming threat of CTE, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, in professional athletes and its devastating impact on the human psyche.
Understanding and properly treating concussions has improved in high school athletics, but risks remain. While coaches and doctors now recognize concussion symptoms, many athletes still fail to report them due to wanting to continue playing. Schools are working to improve concussion assessment, treatment, and communication using baseline neurocognitive tests to help determine when athletes have recovered. However, some argue contact sports will always pose risks and it is difficult to predict how injuries may affect individuals differently.
This document outlines topics to be covered in a session on concussions in children, including understanding the pathophysiology and symptoms of concussions, diagnostic tools, signs and symptoms, return to play requirements, and the role of assessment tools like ImPACT testing. It then provides details on concussion rates in various sports, symptoms, management guidelines, and interfacing with schools to support student recovery. The goal is for participants to gain knowledge on evaluating and managing concussions in youth athletes.
Improving Concussion Awareness in Student AthletesStephani Frisby
- The document discusses a senior research project aimed at improving concussion awareness in student athletes. It presents background information on concussions and their risks.
- The researchers administered pre- and post-surveys to student athletes to assess the effectiveness of an educational presentation on concussions. They found statistically significant increases in knowledge after the presentation, supporting their hypothesis.
- Based on their statistical analysis showing a t-value of 13.27 and p-value <0.0005, the researchers concluded the presentation was effective at improving concussion awareness among the surveyed athletes.
Whether playing football, soccer or just riding a bicycle, everyone is vulnerable to concussions. This webinar will provide the latest medical information on how to identify, treat and prevent sports concussions – and the mild traumatic brain injuries they result in.
Concussions are mild traumatic brain injuries that can have serious long-term effects if not properly treated. They involve changes in brain function and structure, including impaired neurotransmitter regulation and increased susceptibility to cell death. Symptoms may be physical, cognitive, or emotional. While concussions are common, many go unreported, especially in young athletes. Proper diagnosis, treatment, and return to play protocols are needed to protect athletes from further injury. Education of all involved parties is also critical to ensuring player safety.
· Read the example essay· Discuss the following questions with.docxalinainglis
· Read the example essay
· Discuss the following questions with your group members
· Write those answers in a journal
· Be prepared to discuss the questions as a whole group
1. How well does the introduction introduce the topic and the scope of the topic? Can you tell what the solution will be? What could the author do to strengthen the intro?
The introduction introduces the topic very well and the solution will be creating a helmet that can protect players head from injury.
2. How well does the thesis statement let readers know that there will be a concrete plan proposed to solve the problem? What could the author do to improve the thesis?
3. How well does the problem section convince readers that the problem is a huge problem that needs to be solved right away? What are two things the author could have done to improve the problem section.
The problem section is convincing readers in some way, but it also needs to prove that by giving more information and showing on the other sports too.
4. How well does the solution section give an overview of a few solutions others have tried? How well does the author present the best solution possible? What are two things the author could have done to improve the solution section.
It is very well organized and give much detail that let the readers understand the idea and whole problem and the solution.
5. How well does the implementation section give a clear, detailed look at how to solve the problem? As a reader, can you visualize how this plan could feasibly solve the problem? What are two things the author could have done to improve the implementation section?
Actually, it is not clear I think the author made it more complicated by giving too much detail.
6. Find the empirical data. How well does the author 1) present the data 2) explain the methodology 3) explain the data in light of the content of the essay?
7. Find another visual besides the one used for the empirical data. How well does the author explain the visual so that it’s clear it adds to the content of the essay?
8. What is one specific idea this example idea and/or the discussion with your group members about the example essay has given you to help you improve your own essay?
· What aspect of your paper did you choose to work on today? Are you satisfied with that part yet?
FOR THIS ONE PLEASE ANSWER THE INTERODUCTUON AND IF YOU WANT TO ADD MORE FEEL FREE
· What do you specifically need to do in order to finish your essay, preferably by the peer review day (next Wednesday)?
· How confident that you will be able to turn in an essay that shows off the skills you’ve learned in this class and showcases your growth as an academic writer?
· What resources (Office hours, Writing Center, reference librarians, previous comments on your earlier final drafts, group members, etc.) will you use to complete this paper that you still haven’t used from the previous essays?
· What do you think will be the most difficult aspect of finishing.
The document discusses concussions, including symptoms, signs, risks of multiple concussions, treatment options, and prevention strategies. It notes that a concussion is a traumatic brain injury caused by a bump or blow to the head that causes the brain to move rapidly inside the skull. Repeated concussions increase the risk of long-term brain damage. Proper rest, chiropractic care, physical therapy and following medical guidelines are recommended for treatment and recovery. Wearing protective gear correctly and reporting any head injuries can help prevent concussions during sports.
Concussions are a common and serious injury in contact sports. They can have both short-term and long-term effects on brain function. It is important to detect concussions quickly, assess their severity properly, and make cautious return to play recommendations. Multiple concussions may increase risks, so proper treatment and monitoring is needed to protect athletes' long-term brain health.
The document discusses concussion epidemiology and pathophysiology. It notes that concussions are underreported and their true effects are not fully understood. While their pathology is unclear, concussions involve biochemical and structural changes in the brain like glutamate release, altered blood flow, and axonal injury that can persist for weeks. Repeated concussions may have cumulative effects, but factors like genetics that influence individual risk and prognosis remain uncertain.
Concussions, or mild traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), are common and can occur through accidents, falls, or participation in contact sports. They affect the brain's function but may not cause immediate symptoms. Repeated or untreated concussions can lead to permanent brain damage or death. Common causes of concussions include vehicle accidents, sports injuries, and falls among the elderly. While concussions may seem minor, proper treatment and recovery time are important to prevent further injury. Seeking legal assistance may help compensate for costs associated with concussion injuries.
Concussions, or mild traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), are common and can occur through accidents, falls, or participation in contact sports. They affect over 3 million Americans each year. While sometimes hard to detect, concussions can cause serious, long-term cognitive and emotional issues if not properly treated. It is important to rest and avoid activities that could cause further head trauma until symptoms fully subside to prevent further damage from repetitive brain injuries. Legal assistance may be sought for costs associated with concussion treatment and lost wages from accidents or sports injuries.
What they are, how they happen, & how to protect yourself. As a personal injury firm, we have helped many clients suffering from brain injuries seek financial compensation for medical bills, lost wages, pain and suffering, and more. If you or someone you love suffered a concussion, you want a Kentucky brain injury lawyer that will be an advocate for you.
After retiring from football, Pittsburgh Steelers center Mike Webster suffered from severe health problems including dementia, memory loss, and erratic behavior. An autopsy after his death revealed he had chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), caused by repetitive brain injuries from his football career. Dozens of other deceased NFL players have also been found to have CTE. Thousands of former players are now suffering from symptoms of CTE and other concussion-related disorders, and have sued the NFL for deliberately misleading players about the long term effects of concussions.
April 11, 2018
With growing neuroscientific research on sports concussions, states have revised their policies and statutes. Yet at present we have limited research on how these state sports concussion laws are working. This panel explored the intersection of neuroscience and law in the context of preventing, detecting, and treating youth sports concussions.
For more information, visit our website at: http://petrieflom.law.harvard.edu/events/details/how-to-fix-youth-sports-concussion-laws
1) Concussions are brain injuries that occur when the head hits or is hit by an object and can cause headaches, unconsciousness, and long term issues.
2) Concussions are common in many sports due to impacts and 300,000 people suffer from sports related concussions each year.
3) While concussions were once thought to only affect football, they can occur in many sports from soccer to gymnastics whenever there is a blow to the head. Proper safety equipment and education can help prevent concussions.
This document provides an overview of sport concussions including:
- The purpose is to raise awareness of concussions, decrease their number, and provide information on management and prevention.
- It discusses common signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests, recovery models, return to play protocols, and neuropsychological testing.
- Key points emphasized are that concussions are serious injuries, athletes should be immediately removed from play if a concussion is suspected, and return to play decisions should not be made until cleared by a medical professional.
Similar to Chris Nowinski Presentation on Brain Injuries at Independent Summit (20)
Dan Gustafson on NFL Films Settlement OfferRobert Lee
This is a scanned copy of a slideshow handout provided by Ron Mix from Dan Gustafson as presented to retired NFL players at the 2013 Independent Football Veterans Conference in Las Vegas at the South Point Resort.
Attorney Yakkub Hazzard (Robins, Kaplan, Miller & Ciresi) explains how publicity rights work and are enforced by law. This is one of the best overviews on how the system protects each and every individual's visual rights. This is information that every professional athlete should have been given by their League, their Union and/or their agent. NOT! Retired football players have had their rights consistently hijacked by the NFL and are now suing the League and NFL Films to recover their rights, royalties and damages. This presentation was given at the 2013 Independent Football Veterans Conference in Las Vegas May 3 - 5, 2013 and can be viewed at DavePear.com.
This document provides an overview of a presentation given by William A. Duncan to the Independent Football Veterans Conference in Las Vegas on April 21, 2012. The presentation discusses using hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) to treat mild traumatic brain injuries and other conditions in athletes and military veterans. It summarizes research showing that HBOT can help repair brain tissue by restoring metabolism, reducing inflammation, and promoting growth and healing. Specific examples are given of HBOT helping conditions like concussions, PTSD, and non-healing wounds. The presentation promotes further applying HBOT through organizations like IHMA and IHMF to help injured athletes and veterans.
Hausfeld LLP NFL presentation on concussion litigationRobert Lee
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Ed Nemeth tells his personal compelling story abut hyperbarics and how he discovered the benefits of HBOT. His exploration into HBOT led him to open his own clinics in Sacramento where he met and treated retired football player George Visger.
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"Of course, you prefer to take players who are fully fit, but that's okay. We want to wait and be patient for some players even if they cannot play in those first matches," he told a press conference. The 37-year-old Vertonghen, Belgium’s Euro Cup 2024 most-capped international with 154 appearances, is struggling to shake off a groin injury.
"He will be there normally. This also applies to Youri Tielemans and Arthur Theate. The latter's position is very sensitive. We don't have many choices at left back. "It will only change if it turns out that they will only be available when, say, the final of the Euro 2024 Championship comes around. That's too long to wait. "However, I am confident that the injured boys are on track for the Euros.
Belgium vs Romania: Radu Dragusin Prepares for Crucial Role in Euro Cup Germany
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Psaroudakis’ early life in Heraklion was deeply influenced by a supportive and nurturing family environment. His father, a former semi-professional footballer, recognized Psaroudakis’ potential from an early age. Acting as his first coach, his father’s guidance was instrumental in igniting Psaroudakis’ passion for football. This paternal influence instilled in him a strong work ethic and fundamental skills that would become the foundation of his future success. His mother, a dedicated homemaker, provided a stable and nurturing environment, ensuring that Psaroudakis could pursue his dreams without any hindrances.
From a young age, Psaroudakis showed an innate talent for football. Growing up in Heraklion, he spent countless hours playing football in local parks and streets with friends and family. His natural ability was evident even in these informal settings, and his enthusiasm for the game was infectious. By the age of five, Psaroudakis had joined a local youth football club, where his skills began to flourish. His father’s role as his first coach during these formative years was crucial, as he emphasized not only technical skills but also the importance of discipline and teamwork.
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The support of Psaroudakis’ family was unwavering during this critical period. His father continued to be a source of guidance and mentorship, while his mother ensured that he had everything he needed to succeed. Their collective efforts created a balanced environment where Psaroudakis could focus entirely on his development as a footballer. This familial support was not just about providing the basics; it was about creating an environment where Psaroudakis felt encouraged and motivated to pursue his dreams relentlessly.
As Psaroudakis transitioned from the youth academy to professional football, the challenges became more significant.
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However, in 2023, they played one another twice, with France endearing both matches 4-0 and 2-1 individually. Against Poland and Austria, the Netherlands also have a stout record, winning just under half the matches. They faced Austria at Euro 2020, engaging 2-0, and they haven't lost to Poland since 1979.
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Chris Nowinski Presentation on Brain Injuries at Independent Summit
1. Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
in the NFL
www.sportslegacy.org
Christopher Nowinski
SLI Co-Founder & President
Co-Director, CSTE at BUSM
NFL Independent Summit
May2009
2. One Athlete‟s Experience
I was forced to retire from the WWE from concussions received in football and wrestling
2 undiagnosed 4 undiagnosed concussions, Retired in 2003 at age
concussions leading to: 24
– Headaches – Symptoms persist
– Memory impairment to this day
– Depression
– Sleep activity
+ =
4. An Education Comes Too Late
I didn’t have the right information to protect myself from concussions
After my symptoms persist
and 8 doctors can‟t help
me, I visit Dr. Robert Cantu I wrote Head Games to warn others
because studies show athletes are not
informed of the risks. If the damage is
partially preventable, how can we not tell
athletes how to protect themselves?
Boston Globe Magazine
Shockingly, he is the first to tell me
that:
Concussions are cumulative and can
have long-term effects
“Resting concussions” helps them
heal
5. First Cases of CTE in Former NFL Players
Mike Webster and Terry Long were the first 2 CTE cases in former NFL players
Mike Webster Terry Long
Died at 50 Suicide at age 45
• CTE was first identified in 1928. In 1990, it was estimated that 17% of
boxers develop CTE (Roberts), although the precise incidence is likely
much higher.
• The medical examiner wrote it was characteristic of boxers “who take
considerable head punishment seeking only to land a knockout blow”
and also “common in second rate fighters used for training purposes.”
• Prior to the NFL cases, only 46 CTE cases existed in the medical
literature
• It remains unclear whether concussions or the thousands of
subconcussive blows each athlete received was more responsible for
creating the brain damage found 5
6. Depression and Memory Impairment in NFL Retirees
Memory impairment and depression appear to be linked to brain trauma exposure
• A survey of 2,552 former NFL players with >3 years NFL experience found that
those who remembered having more concussions had a significantly higher
incidence of being diagnosed with depression.
• Similar data exists for self-diagnosed memory impairment
25%
20.2%
% Diagnosed with
20%
Depression
15%
9.7%
10%
6.6%
5%
0%
0 1 to 2 3 or more
* Center for the Study of Retired Athletes
6
7. Incidence of Concussion in Football – Trainer Data
According to medical professionals, concussion is rare in football
• When athletic trainers are surveyed on how many concussions
they see each season, they consistently find that between 2%
and 6% of football players suffer concussions each season.*
Source Level Incidence
Powell et al (1999) High School 3.6 %
Guskiewicz et al (2000) HS/College 5.6 %
Guskiewicz et al (2003) NCAA 6.3 %
McCrea et al (2002) HS/College 3.8 %
Zemper (2003) HS/College 4.1 %
Gerberich et al (1983) High School 2.4 %
7
8. Incidence of Concussion in Football – Player Data
Players simply do not report concussions, so they don’t exist in medical records
• When players are surveyed directly, anonymously, after the season,
and the word “concussion” is removed from the questions (instead,
they ask about symptoms), players appear to be suffering 10 to 50
times more concussions than they tell athletic trainers (or coaches).
Source Level Incidence Average
Langburt et al (2001) High School 47.2 % 3
Delaney et al (2002) College 70.2 % 4
Delaney et al (2000) CFL 47.8 %
Woronzoff (2001) College 61.2 %
McCrea et al (2004) High School 15.3 % used “concussions”
Moreau (2005) High School 65.2 %
8
9. Incidence of Concussion in Football
Data Source Comparison
• Due to a lack of awareness of the symptoms and consequences of
concussions, youth athletes aren‟t reporting concussions to adults
– Fewer than 10% of concussions are being reported to athletic trainers
– Less than half of high schools can even afford part-time athletic trainers
Data Source in
published study:
Trainer: Athlete:
Percent of
3.6 % 47.2 %
players reporting
concussions: 5.6 % 70.2 %
6.3 % 47.8 %
3.8 % 19.0 %
4.1 % 61.2 %
2.4 % 15.3 %
5.6 % 65.2 %
10. Andre Waters and CTE
Andre Waters was the first post-mortem brain examination I became involved in
• Andre Waters was an NFL safety from 1984-
1995, mostly with the Philadelphia Eagles
where he was an All-Pro.
• Waters committed suicide on November 20,
2006.
• Asked in 1994 by The Philadelphia Inquirer
to count his career concussions, Mr. Waters
replied, “I think I lost count at 15.” He later
added: “I just wouldn‟t say anything. I‟d
sniff some smelling salts, then go back in
there.”
10
11. Andre Waters Images and CTE Symptoms
Andre Waters was diagnosed with CTE, and was exhibiting symptoms prior to death
• Symptoms - symptoms of CTE are
insidious, first manifest by
Healthy Brain Tissue
deteriorations in attention,
concentration, and memory, as well as
disorientation and confusion, and
occasionally accompanied by dizziness
and headaches. With progressive
deterioration, additional symptoms,
such as lack of insight, poor judgment,
and overt dementia, become manifest.
Andre Waters
Severe cases are accompanied by a
progressive slowing of muscular
movements, a staggered, propulsive
gait, masked facies, impeded speech,
tremors, vertigo, and deafness
11
* Cantu, R
12. Sports Legacy Institute
“(This) groundbreaking research may be providing the most
significant concussion discoveries and the most startling and
potentially devastating findings (in sports medicine).” August 5, 2007
- Bob Ley, ESPN
• Incorporated June 14th, 2007
• The Institute will initially focus its
efforts on the study of
degenerative brain conditions Research Treatment
including Chronic Traumatic
Encephalopathy, or CTE, a condition
caused by repetitive concussive and
sub-concussive brain injuries.
Education &
Prevention
12
13. Sports Legacy Institute Team
Founding Members
CHRISTOPHER NOWINSKI– President
Consultant, Trinity Partners LLC, Waltham, MA
Author, Head Games: Football‟s Concussion Crisis
Former WWE professional wrestler
ROBERT CANTU, MD
Chief of Neurosurgery Service and Director of
Sports Medicine, Emerson Hospital, Concord, MA
Co-Director, Neurologic Sports Injury Center
Brigham and Women‟s Hospital, Boston, MA
Medical Advisory Board Athlete Advisory Board Board of Directors
Robert Cantu, MD, (Chairman) Ted Johnson, NFL Christopher Nowinski
Robert Stern, PhD, Assoc. Prof. of Pat LaFontaine, NHL Eleanor Perfetto, Senior Director,
Neurology, BU Medical School Isaiah Kacyvenski, NFL Pfizer
James Beck, MD, PhD, Prof. of Cindy Parlow, Soccer John Corcoran, Founder and
Psychiatry, Harvard Medical Brent Boyd, NFL Managing Partner, Trinity
School Partners
Ben Lynch, NFL
Ann McKee, MD, Assoc. Prof. of Isaiah Kacyvenski, NFL veteran
Neurology and Pathology, BU Malcolm Huckaby, NBA
Scott McCabe, Merrill Lynch
Medical School Booker T, Pro wrestler
David Hovda, PhD. Director of UCLA Rob Van Dam, Pro wrestler
Brain Injury Research Center Noah Welch, NHL Honorary Trustees
Vin Ferrara, Founder CEO, Xenith Inc.
Matt Henshon, Esq. Henshon, Parker LLP
Pro bono
legal counsel Tina Cantu, RN, MBA, JD Neurosurgical
provided by: Surgery, Inc. 13
14. Wrestler Kills Wife and Child, Then Self
June 23rd-25th, 2007
• Between June 23rd and
June 25th, World Wrestling
Entertainment performer
and 23-year pro wrestling
veteran Chris Benoit killed
his wife Nancy and 7 year-
old son before hanging
himself.
(Photo courtesy of Michael Benoit)
• The media and even the US Congress focused on the fact that Benoit had
steroids in his system
• Had told numerous people, including SLI president Chris Nowinski, that
he‟d experienced „more concussions than he could count‟ and had
exhibited depression, memory impairment, and erratic behavior,
including paranoia, in the years preceding the events.
14
16. Center for the Study of Traumatic Encephalopathy
• September 2008 SLI and BU founded the first ever research center dedicated to CTE
A Collaboration Between Sports Legacy Institute and Boston University School of Medicine
Goals
1. Establishment of Brain Donation Registry
• Current or retired athletes, with and without history of concussion, to agree to donate brain
tissue following death.
2. Conduct Clinical Research
• Examinations of retired athletes, including cognitive, mood, and neurological assessments,
as well as brain MRI and spinal taps (to measure proteins in cerebrospinal fluid). Study
longitudinally and examine brains following death.
3. Expansion of Brain Bank
• Brain tissue repository for the examination of the underlying neuropathology associated
with repetitive concussion in athletes.
16
17. John Grimsley
• 1st NFL case studied at BU – 5th overall. Died Feb 2008 of self-inflicted gunshot wound
• Houston Oilers 1984-1990
• Miami Dolphins 1991-1993
• Linebacker; Named to Pro-Bowl, 1988
• No history of performance-enhancing drugs
• No significant medical history
• Concussion history:
• 3 concussions during college football at Kentucky
• At least 8 concussions during NFL career
• Only one quot;cerebral concussion“ medically
confirmed
• Died of gunshot wound to chest, apparently
while cleaning gun. Police report: no evidence of
suicide, believed to be a “very tragic accident.”
17
18. John Grimsley Findings
• John Grimsley had remarkable brain damage for a 45 year-old man
• For the 5 years
prior to his death at
age 45, he
reportedly was
experiencing
worsening
memory and
cognitive
functioning, as
well as increasing
“short fuse.”
• Although
increasing use of
alcohol, no
evidence of • 65 yr old • Grimsley at 45 • 73 year old boxer
depression, sadness, healthy control years old with dementia
hopelessness. No
alcohol in blood at
time of death.
19. Tom McHale
• 6th NFL Case of CTE. Died of a drug overdose
• Defensive lineman at Cornell and Maryland
• Offensive lineman in college
• Tampa Bay Buc 1987-1992
• Philadelphia Eagles 1993-1994
• Miami Dolphins 1995
• No recorded concussion history, although
teammates have come forward with at least one
story of Tom being unable to remember plays on
the field
19
20. Tom McHale
• 6th NFL Case of CTE
•Pathology – Neurofibrilary Tangles, astrocytic
tangles, and dot like and spindle-shaped NNs are
• Tom opened and operated multiple common in the dorsolateral frontal, subcallosal, insular,
successful restaurants after retiring temporal, dorsolateral parietal, and inferior occipital
• Began experiencing problems with drugs, cortices. The tauimmunoreactive neurofibrillary
beginning with painkillers from a back pathology is characteristically irregular in distribution
problem. In and out of rehab in the last with multifocal patches of dense NFTs in the superficial
years of his life cortical layers, often in a perivascular arrangement
20
23. The CSTE Brain Bank Registry
• Living athletes are lining up to be part of this groundbreaking research
• National Football League (34) • National Hockey League (5)
• Ted Johnson • Keith Primeau
• Joe DeLamielleure • Noah Welch
• Isaiah Kacyvenski • Steve Heinze
• Ben Lynch • Ryan Vandenbussche
• Bernie Parrish • Pro Wrestling (15)
• Ralph Wenzel • Rob Van Dam
• Frank Wycheck • Lance Storm
• Bruce Laird • Chris Nowinski
• Brent Boyd • Spike Dudley
Level Donors
• Mel Owens • Molly Holly
• Dan Pastorini • April Hunter Pro 73
• Billy Ray Smith • Al Snow Amateur 45
• Ken Gray • Boxing
• Harry Jacobs (more) • Termite Watkins
• National Basketball Association • Soccer
• Paul Grant • Cindy Parlow
• Malcolm Huckaby Swimming
• Jenny Thompson
• As of May 2009 23
24. …and Inspired Real Change
Study finds NHL
NHL warns teams of
WWE wrestler players out 41%
SLI stiffer penalties and
Andre Waters Chris Benoit longer per concussion
incorporated fines for head shots
suicide - 3rd NFL 5th CTE case than 1 year ago
CTE Case
Living Donor Registry
NFL issues concussion SLI and Boston University reaches 100 brains
NFL wives Mackey, management guidelines School of Medicine partner to
Perfetto speak out found Center for the Study of
Traumatic Encephalopathy
Jan. 2007 July 2007 Jan 2008 July 2008 Jan 2009
Ted Johnson speaks
out on eve of
Tom McHale
Super Bowl WWE implements John Grimsley
6thNFL CTE case
concussion program 5th NFL CTE case
NFL holds
SLI members profiled “Concussion
on HBO Real Sports Summit” NHLPA seeks ban on
hits to head
Justin Strzelczyk
4th NFL case NFL tells referees to NFL announces 4
eject players for new rule changes
helmet-to-helmet hits to protect heads
24
25. Age-Adjusted Death Rates from Lung Cancer by
Smoking Level, CPS-I
• The first definitive data on smoking/lung cancer
Rate/100,000 person-years
250
200
200
Nonsmoker
155
150 1-9 cig./day
10-19 cig/day
100 89
20-39 cig/day
55
50 40+ cig/day
10
0
Source: Lilienfeld (p.207)
Source: Patrick Remington, MD, MPH: Prevention and the
Continuum of Disease Causation
26. Analog - Smoking and Lung Cancer
It took 50 years for meaningful change after discovering that smoking causes lung cancer
Smoking and Lung Cancer Timeline
1997: US tobacco
firms agree a multi-
1950 – first 1953 - Big 1965 – 1984 - American
billion-dollar
small study Tobacco forms Surgeon Association for 1994: Seven settlement to cover
finds smokers Tobacco Institute General Cancer Research Dwarves testify healthcare costs
twice as likely Research warning accepts the before incurred by treating
to die from Committee added to evidence Congress people with smoking-
lung cancer (quot;TIRCquot;), packaging gathered by
related illnesses
cancer scientists
10 years 20 years 30 years 40 years 50 years
1994 – NFL founds 2007 – Andre 2008 – SLI/BU
?
Committee on Mild Waters suicide Center for the Study
Traumatic Brain linked to brain of Traumatic
Injury damage from Encephalopathy –
concussions Brain Bank
1992 – Al Toon of NY established
Jets retires from post- 2007 – SLI founded
concussion syndrome 2007 – Benoit tragedy
Concussions and CTE Timeline 26
27. Athletes Aren‟t Getting What they Need
• Yet there are virtually
• An urgent need no programs in place
exists for: focused on filling
those needs
Research
Treatment
Prevention
Education
28. Contact Sports Participation – High School Boys
1 in 8 boys
plays tackle
football
* Center for the Study of Retired Athletes
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29. Joining the CSTE Registry
• Why should you join the registry?
My personal thoughts:
• We only need ~50 football brains, so by joining you
are far more likely to benefit from the results of
the research than to participate
• You don‟t do any work, but get all the
benefits
– All you need to do is answer a phone call once a year. CSTE does
all the work after you are deceased. It will not be a burden to
your family, and it will not affect an open casket. You won‟t feel a
thing
– For the rest of your life you get to feel great about giving back to
the game and to your fellow players. It‟s great cocktail party
conversation
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30. Joining the CSTE Registry
• Why should you join the registry?
More personal thoughts:
• Registry members will be involved in future studies
on treatment (we‟ll know where to find you)
• Publicity – the media loves covering this issue, so it
will help raise awareness of the issue
• It will help your former teammates, your children
and grandchildren
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31. Other Benefits of the Registry
• Immediate:
– Prevent CTE tragedies (suicides, murders) by creating awareness and encouraging
ex-athletes to seek treatment
– Drive potentially millions of „silent sufferers‟ to seek treatment
– Educate - Prevent future cases in active players but changing the way the games are
played
• Long-term:
– Develop better evaluation and treatment protocols
for this unique
– Develop new pharmaceutical interventions using the
data generated by the brain bank - currently no cure or
studies on concussion-caused brain damage and CTE
– Improve our understanding of the relationship between
repetitive concussions and long-term CTE
– Determine relationship between repeated concussions
and later psychiatric and cognitive impairments
– Prevent suffering
– Save lives
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32. Thank You
• See me for brochures and sign-up forms
Questions?
nowinski@post.harvard.edu
www.sportslegacy.org
www.chrisnowinski.com