The document outlines community organizing as a social development methodology aimed at fostering self-reliant and self-determining communities through a holistic approach to community development. It highlights key principles such as empowerment, sustainability, and the importance of collaboration, while detailing stages of community analysis, planning, implementation, and maintenance of programs. Additionally, it emphasizes the role of partnerships and citizen participation in addressing community needs and improving quality of life.

1. COMMUNITY
ORGANIZING
PREPARED BY:

2.  Is a social
development
methodology used to
facilitate the process
of forming self-reliant,
self-determining
communities which
are able to sustain
their development
activities

3. COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
 Which address
livelihood and
other critical
concerns to make a
community truly
self-reliant and
sustaining

4. DEFINITION
 A process by which
the community
identifies its needs or
objectives
 Orders or ranks these
needs or objectives
 Develops the
confidence and will to
work at these needs
and objectives
 Ross, 1993

5. Community development: a
process whereby the efforts of
Government are united with
those of the people to improve the
social, cultural, and economic
conditions in communities
5

6. Rural development:
applications of community
development principles outside
of urban areas
6

7. Regional development:
applications of community
development principles in
geographical areas consistent
with those specified for or in:
 Regional Development
Associations
 Change and Challenge
 Community Matters
7

8.  Finds the resources to
deal with needs and
problems
 Takes action
concerning their needs
 Develops cooperative
and collaborative
attitudes and
practices in the
community

9. PRINCIPLES
1. Community development is a holistic
approach to addressing the
community’s needs.
2. Community development is a
process.
3. Empowerment results from
influence, participation, and
community education.
9

10. 4. Development ensures
environmental stewardship.
5. Development is tied to
sustainability.
6. Partnerships provide access to
resources.
10

11. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
l means people are of primary importance;
l includes the “building of secure, just, free and
harmonious societies”;
l offers opportunities and humane standards of
living for all; and
l focuses on citizens’ rights to:
be nourished
be housed
be secure
work.
11

12. CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
l proliferation of artists gaining
international recognition and of
poets, authors, and musicians
l development of theater,
festivals, and films
l development of archaeological
and historical sites
12

13. COMMUNITY ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT
l is citizen-led;
l is dedicated to improving
lifestyles through:
 wealth distribution
 poverty reduction
 job creation; and
l provides infrastructure in
support of business
development.
13

14. ACTIVITIES INHERENT IN CO
 Educating the people to
develop critical awareness
of their existing
conditions
 Working with the people
collectively and efficiently
on their immediate needs
 Mobilizing the people to
develop their capability
and readiness to respond
and take action on their
immediate needs to solve
their long term problems

15. GOALS OF CO
 People empowerment
 Improved quality of
life

16. EXPECTED OUTCOME OF CO
 Connections,
relationships and
collaboration between
people, sectors and
institutions are
formed or
strengthened
 Citizen participation
and involvement in
community building
can be elicited and
sustained

17. CHARACTERISTICS OF CO
 Proceeds from the
people’s identified
priority needs
 Based on community
analysis
 Reflects urgent issues
and community’s
resolve to act on these
issues

18. PROCESS OF CO
 COPAR (Community
Organizing
Participatory
Research)
 CBPR (Community
Based Participatory
Research

19. CRITICAL ACTIVITIES IN CO
Community
Integration
Social
investigation

20. SOCIAL INVESTIGATION
 Gather data
 Identify classes
 Identify potential
leaders
 Determine the correct
approach and method
 Provide basis for
planning

21. CRITICAL ACTIVITIES
Tentative program
planning
Groundwork
Meeting
Role play

22. CONT.
 Community
mobilization or action
 Evaluation
 Reflection
 Organization

23. APPROACHES TO CO
 Issue –Based
 Micro-Project
approach
 Faith-Based

24. STAGES OF CO
Stage 1: Community
analysis
Is the process of
assessing and defining
needs, opportunities
and resources involved
in initiating
community health
action program.

25. COMPONENTS OF COMMUNITY
ANALYSIS
Demographic,
social and
economic
community
profile obtained
from secondary
data

26. 2.Health risk
profile involving
social, behavioral
and environmental
risks.

27. 3. Health/wellness
outcomes profile found
in morbidity/mortality
data.
4. Survey analysis of
current health
promotion programs
5. Studies conducted in
certain target groups
or special population

28. STEPS IN COMMUNITY ANALYSIS
 Define the community
 Collect data
 Assess the
community’s
capability or capacity
 Assess community
barriers in terms of
acceptability

29.  Assess readiness for
change
 Synthesize data and
set priorities to come
up with a community
profile of the needs
and resources

30. STAGE 2
 Design and initiation
and interventions
1. Establish a core
planning group
2. Choose an
organizational
structure that will
activate and encourage
community
participation

31. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
 Leadership board or
council
 Coalition which is a
merger, partnership
alliance of groups
 Lead or official agency
 Grass roots structure

32. Citizen panels
Networks

33. 3. Identify select and
recruit organizational
members representing
the different sectors of
the society
4. Define the
organization’s mission
and goals

34. 5. Clarify the roles and
responsibilities of the
members of the
organization for role
delineation and avoid
overlapping of functions
6. Provide skills and
livelihood training and
recognition for their
contributions to the
success of the program

35. STAGE 3
 Implementation
 Process of
executing or
carrying out the
design plans and
putting these into
action

36.  Generate broad citizens
participation
 Develop a sequential
work plan which will be
subject to constant
monitoring
 Use comprehensive,
integrated strategies

37. STAGE 4
 Program
maintenance-
consolidation
 The process of
upholding, continuing,
merging or integrating
successful programs or
those that have gained
acceptance in the
community

38.  Integrate intervention
activities into
community networks,
associations or groups
 Establish a positive
organizational culture
through group
processes based on
trust, respect and
openness

39.  Establish on-going
recruitment plan and
training of new
members
 Disseminate results of
activities to
gain/maintain
community support

40. STAGE 5
 Dissemination-
Reassessment
 Update the community
analysis
 Assess effectiveness of
interventions
 Chart future directions
and modifications
 Summarize and
disseminate results for
visibility and to elicit
support

41. COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
 Empowerment – is a process by which
individuals, communities and organizations gain
mastery over their lives
 Community empowerment – is a community
development strategy which uses the non-
traditional educational methods to enable
individuals to understand their goals
independent of the prevailing social order and to
develop capacities to realize these goals

42. COMMUNITY COMPETENCE
 Refers to the
community’s ability
to engage in effective
problem-solving

43. COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
Is the
fundamental
requirement to
achieve health
and
sustainable
development

44. OBJECTIVES OF CP
Gather data on
the geographic,
economic,
political and
socio-cultural
situation in
order to identify
the problems
and issues

45.  Identify the classes
and sectors present in
the community to
determine their
interests and
attitudes towards the
issues

46.  Identify potential
leaders of the
organizing process
 Determine the correct
approach and method
of organizing
 Provide basis for
planning

47. LEVELS OF PARTICIPATION
1. non-
participation
a. Manipulation
b. Therapy

48. 2. Degrees of
tokenism or
token
participation
a. Informing
b. Consultation
c. Placation
d. Partnership

49. 3. Degrees of
citizen power
a. Delegated
power
b. Citizen control

50. FACTORS AFFECTING CP
 Discriminatory
attitudes
 Access barriers
 Issues around
resources
 Representativeness

51. MODELS OF PEOPLE
PARTICIPATION
 Advocated by former
Secretary of Health,
Dr. Jaime Galvez-Tan
(1987)
1. Hospital-clinic based
a. People are merely
informed of health
activities
b. Decisions are
performed by doctors

52. 2. Community-oriented
a. Package programs
and projects are
confirmed through
consultations
b. Attempts are made
to consult the
community
c. Implementation,
monitoring and
evaluation

53. 3. Community-based
a. Joint effort in decision-making
b. Active participation during the
monitoring and evaluation phase

54. 4. Community-managed
a. conceptualization,
implementation,
management and major
decision-making
b. Major responsibility for
health care is in the
community
c. Community members
will specify the nature
of government
assistance and other
support

55. COMMUNITY ORGANIZING
PARTICIPATORY ACTION RESEARCH
 Different Phases:
1. Pre-entry phase
2. Entry phase
3. Formation phase
4. Organization
building phase
5. Sustenance and
strengthening phase
6. Phase out

56. COMMUNITY- BASED
PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH
 Is committed to change
and strives to enhance
health and quality of
life in urban
communities
 Driven by community
needs and priorities to
answer relevant
questions, build
programs, and affect
public policy

57. PRINCIPLES OF CBPR
1. Builds on strengths
and resources within
the community
2. Explicitly recognizes
and seeks to support or
expand social
structures and social
processes that
contribute to the
ability of the
community members
to work

58. 3. Integrate knowledge
and action for mutual
benefit of all partners
4. Promotes a co-
learning and
empowering process
that attends to social
inequalities

59. 5. Involves a cyclical and
iterative process
6. Addresses health from
both positive model and
ecological perspectives
7. Disseminates findings
and knowledge gained
to all partners
8. Involves a long-term
commitment by all
partners

60. COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
 Results from the
process of community
organizing.
 Seeks to empower the
individuals and
groups of people, with
the skills they need to
advocate on their own
behalf, improve their
lives, and provide
communities with
access to resources

61. PARTNERSHIP FOR COMMUNITY
HEALTH DEVELOPMENT
 Strategies
a. partnership-building
at the provincial,
municipal and
barangay levels
b. Building up
capacities of LGU’s
DOH, NGO’s and
PO’s for their
various roles in the
partnership

62. c. Enabling
communities to
mobilize their
resources and produce
sustainable and justly
distributed
improvements in their
quality of life
d. Provision of grants or
additional resources

63. MAIN FEATURES OF PCHD
 Community-based
 Focused on 10 basic
needs
 Application of
convergence that is
related to intersectoral
collaboration
 Application of focused
targeting
 Setting of information
system with community
participation

64. FEATURES OF COMMUNITY
HEALTH PROGRAMS
1. Existence of chief
mobilizer
2. Presence of
intersectoral
structures
3. Visioning or
planning exercise
4. Health activities are
starting point

65. PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF
CHD
 Learning process:
action-reflection-
action cycle
 Must develop local
leadership and
expertise
 Must develop inter-
agency coordination
and linkages

66.  Must be able to
influence existing
barangay
development plan
 Must be sustainable
in terms of resource
access
 Must be gender-
oriented and
environmental
friendly

67.  Should address deeper
issues of justice and
equity
 Should naturally move
beyond one issue, one-
project, one-barangay
perspective
 Should lead towards
the emergence of a
strong, empowered and
viable people’s
organization

68. METHODS AND ACTIVITIES IN
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
 Self-help work
 Outreach
 Local action groups,
lobbying
 Peer work
 Festivals and events
 Information
 Advocacy
 Group work
 Network building
 Pump priming
initiatives of the
community with small
grants

69. SOCIAL CAPITAL FOR CD
 A process that
emphasizes the
importance of working
with people as they
define their own goals,
mobilize resources,
and develop action
plans for addressing
problems they have
collectively identified

70. CD THEORY
 A process designed to
create conditions of
economic and social
progress for the whole
community with its
active participation
and the fullest
possible reliance on
the community’s
initiative

71. SELF-RELIANCE
Is the major goal
of community
development
relying on their
own collective
strength to
realize their
goals

72. SOCIAL CAPITAL
 Key indicator of
the building of
healthy
communities
through collective
and mutually-
beneficial
interaction and
accomplishments

73.  Local identity and a
sense of solidarity and
equality with other
community networks
 Norms of trust and
reciprocal help and
support

74. GOALS OF CD
1. Capacity
building
a. Building health
infrastructure
to deliver
health
promotion
programs

75. 2. Building
partnerships and
organizational
environments so
that programs and
health gains are
sustained
3. Building problem-
solving capability

76. PARTNERSHIP BUILDING
 Is fostering joint
venture, alliance or
union between the
people in the
community and
various
stakeholders like
NGO’s, LGU’s, civil
society groups and
state institutions

77. INTERSECTORAL COLLABORATION
 Includes sustainable
partnership that
combine inter-
organizational
cooperative working
alliances and
activities by parts of
the health sector with
other

78. STRATEGIES FOR SUCCESSFUL
COLLABORATION
 Agreeing on goals and
expectations at the
outset
 Maintaining a structure
 Equal partnership
 Using an independent
community organizer
 Sharing expertise and
resources across
community
organizations and
researchers

79. Educating the
community about
research goals
and purposes
Developing
financial support
for community
programs

80. FACTORS FOR SUCCESSFUL
COLLABORATION
 Adaptability
 Open and frequent
communication
 Establish informal
and formal
communication links
 Concrete, attainable
goals and objectives

81. Shared vision
Sufficient
funds
Skilled
convener

82. THANK YOU VERY
MUCH!