Chitosan microspheres were prepared using a spray drying method. Non-crosslinked and crosslinked microspheres were created using glutaraldehyde or formaldehyde as crosslinking agents. The microspheres ranged in size from 2-10 μm, were spherical and smooth, and had a positive surface charge. Model drugs including cimetidine, famotidine, and nizatidine were loaded into the microspheres at various concentrations. Drug release studies showed an initial burst release followed by sustained release of the drugs from the microspheres over time. Scanning electron microscopy images showed the spherical morphology of the drug-loaded microspheres.

1. Title : Chitosan microspheres prepared by
spray drying
Department of Pharmaceutics
ISF College of Pharmacy,Moga,Punjab
Presented By:
OMPRAKASH SAHU
M.Pharm 1st year
INTERNATIONAL
JOURNAL OF
PHARMACEUTICS
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2. Flow of presentation
 Introduction
 Methods of preparation
 Characterisation of microsphere
 Result and discussion
 Conclusion
 References
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3. Introduction
 Chitosan is a hydrophilic, biocompatible and biodegradable
polysaccharide of low toxicity, which in recent years has been used
for development of drug delivery systems.
 Non-crosslinked and crosslinked microspheres were prepared by a
spray drying method.
 The microspheres so prepared had a good sphericity and a smooth.
 They were positively charged and particle size range from 2 to 10
µm.
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4. Methods of Preparation
As a comparison, a water insoluble polymer ethyl cellulose(EC) was used to prepare microsphere from 2-4 % polymer
solution in DCM
Yield was formed 200mg to 1g dependent upon the concentration of Chitosan
Spray drying was co-currently performed using a SD-04 Spray dryer(Lab plant, UK)
Dissolving the model drug (16.6 % w/w of cimetidine, famotidine or nizatidine) in the chitosan solution separately
1 % aqueous solution of formaldehyde & glutaraldehyde were added separately as a crosslinking agents
250 ml of a 0.1-0.5 % aqueous solution of chitosan hydrochloride salt containing acetic acid of chitosan free base
were prepared
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(Fig.1)
(Spray dryer)
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5. Characterisation of Microsphere
Droplet size
• Microsphere were sized
using a Malvern
MasterSizer(MS
1002),determines the
volume diameter(VMD) &
polydispersive index(PDI)
Zeta potential
• Zeta potential of the
microsphere was measured
by laser doppler(Malven
zetasizer 4)employing
0.005,0.0005 & 0.001 M
phosphate buffer at pH 7.0
& 0.001 M acetate buffer
at pH 4.0
DSC
• DSC study was performed
using a perkin elmer DSC-2
• Sample was purged with
atmosphere of
Nitrogen,heat flow rate
was recorded from 280 to
520 K,at a rate of 10 K/min.
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6. Physicochemical Characterization of non-
crosslinked chitosan and EC
Microsphere type Size (µm) Zeta potential (mV)
0.001 M pH 4 acetate buffer 0.0001 M pH 7 phosphate
Chitosan
hydrochloride salt
5.58 27.2 24.9
Chitosan free base
4.19 14.8 9.7
EC 5.1 −15.5 −5.2
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7. Graph between the particle size & amount of the
Glutaraldehyde in different concentration of chitosan
microspheres
(Fig.2)3/5/2020
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8. Characteristics of cimetidine loaded
chitosan microspheres
Added Found Efficiency(%) pH4 pH7
Glutaraldehyde (4%)
0.1 1 16.6 15.7 94.7 7.85 17.4 15.0
0.1 2 16.6 13.0 78.3 4.03 15.8 13.6
0.1 4 16.6 11.8 71.0 1.67 15.5 9.1
0.2 1 16.6 16.2 98 4.89 17.3 15.2
0.2 2 16.6 15.6 94 4.62 16.2 14.5
0.2 4 16.6 14.2 85.7 2.93 14.6 13.4
0.2 1 9 8.04 88.5 5.19 17.4 14.4
0.2 2 9 7.11 78.3 4.58 15.5 14.5
0.2 4 9 6.65 73.2 2.22 14.9 13.1
Formaldehyde (1%)
0.2 2 16.6 16.2 97.6 7.91 22.5 17.4
0.2 4 16.6 15.3 92.4 3.89 18.8 15.3
Concentration of chitosan Crosslinking agent (ml) Drug contents (%) Size (µm) Zeta potential (mV) (%)
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9. Determination of drug Content
 For the determination of drug content UV
spectrophotometer(UVIKON 860) were used ,For cimetidine UV
absorption spectra of the sample solution (2-20 µg/mL) were
recorded.
 The absorbance difference at 260 nm were calculated.
 For the determination of famotidine & nizatidine contents, the
absorbance of sample solution (4-20 µg/mL) were recorded at 284
nm & 313 nm respectively.
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10. In-vitro drug release
 The rate of release of the model drugs from the
microspheres in phosphate buffer saline(PSB) was
determined in a dissolution apparatus with the dissolution
paddle assembly(USP apparatus 2).
 30-50 mg of microsphere were suspended in 300 ml of
PBS, pH=7.4 at 37℃ & at 50 rpm agitation rate.
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11. Result and discussion
In vitro Drug release study:-
(Fig.3) (Fig.4) (Fig.5)
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12. Result and Discussion
SEM ANALYSIS:-
SEM of drug free chitosan microspheres prepared from 0.2% aqueous solutions for chitosan hydrochloride salt
(Mw 140 – 160 kDa) by a spray drying method, crosslinked by glutaraldehyde (a), and formaldehyde (b).
SEM of drug loaded (a) cimetidine; (b) famotidine; (c) nizatidine, chitosan microspheres prepared form
0.2% aqueous solutions of chitosan hydrochloride salt (Mw 140 – 160 kDa) by a spray drying method
(Fig.6)
(Fig.7)
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13. Result and discussion
DSC Analysis:-
DSC thermograms of chitosan (a) and model drug (cimetidine (A); famotidine (B)) materials (b),
chitosan– drug physical mixture (c) 10:2; drug free chitosan microspheres (d); and the drug
loaded chitosan microspheres, 10:2 (e).
DSC thermograms of cimetidine material (a) chitosan– cimetidine (b)
30:70; (c) 50:50; (d) 10:2, physical mixture and cimetidine loaded (e)
70%; (f) 50% chitosan microspheres
(Fig.8) (Fig.9) (Fig.10)
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14. Conclusion
 Non-crosslinked and crosslinked chitosan microspheres were prepared by a spray
drying method. The microspheres so prepared had a good sphericity and a
smooth but distorted surface morphology. They were positively charged. The
particle size ranged from 2 to 10 µm.
 The release of model drugs (cimetidine, famotidine and nizatidine) from these
microspheres was fast, and accompanied by a burst effect.
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15. References
 He, Ping, Stanley S. Davis, and Lisbeth Illum.
"Chitosan microspheres prepared by spray
drying." International journal of pharmaceutics 187.1
(1999): 53-65.
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16. THANKYOU
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