The document discusses the history and components of Chinese gardens. It describes how Chinese gardens evolved over 3000 years from imperial parks and hunting grounds to private gardens for scholars seeking nature retreats. The key components of Chinese gardens include halls, pavilions, trees, ponds/lakes, bridges, garden walls, rocks, and carefully framed views. The document contrasts northern imperial gardens featuring grandness with southern private gardens prioritizing intimacy and simplicity. It provides examples of the large Summer Palace in Beijing and smaller Lion Grove and Master-of-Nets gardens in southern China.

1. Chinese garden
A r . M o n i k a
A s s i s t a n t P r o f e s s o r

2. • Transformation of garden
into imperial parks and
hunting ground.
• places for the emperor
to rest and renew
energy
• Imitating nature and
pursuing poetic
effects appeared.
• Style of garden where
people bred animals
and hunted.
Introduction:
C h i n e s e g a r d e n
T h e e r a o f C h i n e s e g a r d e n h i s t o r y :
3000 YEARS AGO
1
2
HAN DYNASTY
206 B.C-A.D.220
QIN DYNASTY
221-207 B.C
SOUTHERN AND
NORTHERN DYNASTIES
PERIOD
420-581
3
TANG AND SONG
DYNASTIES
618-1279
4
• Development of
landscape garden
Ming and Qing dynasties
1368-1911
5
• Excellence in scale and architecture.
• Again brought focus to the building
structures in the garden, but
specifically to enhance appearance.
• Buildings were added solely to
create pleasant or striking
scenery.

3. Introduction:
C h i n e s e g a r d e n
C o m p o n e n t s o f C h i n e s e g a r d e n :
componentsofgarden
Halls & Pavilions1
Types Location Purpose
Ceremony halls Located near the entrance of
the garden
Family celebrations
Pavilion of Flowers close to the residential home Have a small rock garden.
Flowers and plants
Pavilions with movable
walls
Large gardens will have guest
rooms and housing.
Offer a panoramic view of the entire garden
Seasonal Pavilions
(Some gardens contain a
Pavilion of Mandarin Ducks,
which is divided into two
seasonal sections)
North section faces toward a
lotus pond
Cool air will blow into this part of the pavilion during
the summertime.
South section toward a pine
tree-filled courtyard and plum
trees
When the plum trees blossom, it means that spring is
on the way

4. componentsofgarden
Trees and Ponds or lakes & bridges2
• Used in the form of ponds, lakes, streams, rivers and water-falls.
• Gardens will have a single lake with one or more streams coming into the lake, with bridges crossing
the streams.
• The pond is usually situated in the center of the garden. The other elements of the garden will be
arranged around the pond. Some ponds have fish in them, like goldfish.
• Plants are chosen carefully, dependent on their texture, shape, color and fragrance.
C h i n e s e g a r d e n
C o m p o n e n t s o f C h i n e s e g a r d e n :
The natural scenery in the East Lake Scenic garden in
Shaoxing
The beautiful, quiet and simple rural scenery in South
China.

5. componentsofgarden
Garden wall and enclosure3
Classical Chinese gardens were surrounded by a white wall. The
stark color contrast sets a nice backdrop for the trees and
flowers. Green leaves and colorful blooms really stand out
against a white setting.
C h i n e s e g a r d e n
C o m p o n e n t s o f C h i n e s e g a r d e n :
The new twig grown from the old plum tree in the
courtyard of old temple in the Tiantai Mountain
The yellow wall and the bamboo shadow in the
religious Ling Gu Temple in Nanjing

6. Introduction:C o m p o n e n t s o f C h i n e s e g a r d e n :
componentsofgarden
Frame and screens4
Instead, small scenes are set up so that as you
wander through the garden, you come upon
several intimate settings to view. Every scene
is well-planned and framed.
C h i n e s e g a r d e n
The delicate view - finding gate in
South China scholar’s garden
The Jichang Garden in Wuxi -
the greenness coming into your
eyes through the door opening
The gate of the east line of the
Garden of Gathered Brocade
Different pattern in screens
used as frame

7. Introduction:C o m p o n e n t s o f C h i n e s e g a r d e n :
componentsofgarden
Rocks5
• Used for both structural and sculptural
purposes.
• Rock represents a mountain, or a row of rocks
represents a mountain range.
• Mountain peaks symbolize virtue and stability.
• They also symbolize belief in the philosophy
laid out by Confucius.
Example: Loin forest
garden
A series of man-made
mountains with various
buildings around the lake
,and an artificial waterfall
and cliffs at the edge of
the lake on the west
Naturally-created abstract
sculptures –Tai Lake Stone
Peak in Chinese garden
C h i n e s e g a r d e n

8. Introduction:T y p e s o f C h i n e s e g a r d e n :
IMPERIAL GARDEN1
Imperial gardens are mostly found in north
China, with those in Beijing as representatives,
featuring grandness and magnificence.
PRIVATE GARDEN2
• Private gardens are mostly found in south
China, especially in cities in south of the
Yangtze River, such as Suzhou, Wuxi,
Nanjing and Hangzhou.
• Private gardens were designed and created as
a place of retreat for the ancient scholars to
escape the chaos of the city and have private
relaxation.
• Private gardens in China are more intimate
than the grand imperial gardens, but their
simplicity offers a unique form of beauty.
These gardens were often used for parties,
such as those during the autumn moon festival.
C h i n e s e g a r d e n

9. Introduction:I m p e r i a l g a r d e n : N o r t h C h i n a
C h i n e s e g a r d e n
Location: Northwest of central Beijing
Type of garden: Imperial garden
Purpose: The Imperial Family wanted to escape the
heat of the walled Forbidden City, so airy pavilions
were placed in the garden.
Area: 2.9 sq.km
Built: Quing dynasty, 1644-1911.
Main parts of Summer Palace:
1. kunming lake
2. longevity hill
3. the long corridor
THE GARDEN ALSO CAN BE DIVIDED INTO THREE
PARTS :
ADMINISTRATION, taking halls of benevolence and
longevity as its principal part, is the place where civil
dealt with state affairs and received officials.
RESIDENCE mainly consists of hall of jade billows,
garden of virtue and harmony, and hall of joyful
longevity.
SCENERY BROWSING AREA- THE KUNMING LAKE AND
LONG CORDIAL made up of the scenery browsing
area.

10. Introduction:I m p e r i a l g a r d e n : N o r t h C h i n a
C h i n e s e g a r d e n

11. Introduction:I m p e r i a l g a r d e n : N o r t h C h i n a
C h i n e s e g a r d e n
The summer palace’s first
collection of pavallions : the
entrance complex
1. East palace gate
2. Hall of benevolence and
longevity
3. Rockery garden
1
2
1
2
43
6
5
The second collection of pavallions : the imperial
living quarters
1. Hall of jade billows
2. Lodge of the propriety of weeding
3. Hall of happiness in longevity
4. Garden of virtue and harmony
5. Pavalion of beautiful sunset
6. Hall of affinity between wood and water
The third collection of pavallions
and courtyards :
1. Hall that dispels the clouds
2. Hall of glorious virtue
3. Tower of the fragrance of
buddha
4. Sea-of-wisdom tower
COLLECTION OF PAVALLIONS
3

12. Introduction:P r i v a t e g a r d e n : S o u t h C h i n a
C h i n e s e g a r d e n
LION GROVE GARDEN first built 1342, rebuilt 1918

13. Introduction:P r i v a t e g a r d e n : S o u t h C h i n a
C h i n e s e g a r d e n
LION GROVE GARDEN

14. Introduction:P r i v a t e g a r d e n : S o u t h C h i n a
C h i n e s e g a r d e n

15. Introduction:P r i v a t e g a r d e n : S o u t h C h i n a
C h i n e s e g a r d e n
LION GROVE GARDEN
The artificial hill is molded to stimulate the
distilled and enhanced beauty of mountains
views- peaks, cliff, precipice, ravine gorge
and cave

16. Introduction:P r i v a t e g a r d e n : S o u t h C h i n a
C h i n e s e g a r d e n
LION GROVE GARDEN
In the lion grove garden, exquisite an dainty lake rocks were sculptured to
depict the lively actions of lions of all ages and sizes.
Rockery Presentations Are Expected To Evoke Personal Feelings
Through Abstract Beauty That Inspires The Unlimited Enjoyment Of
Reminiscence And Thus Allows For Different Interpretations, Varying
With Moods Or Perspectives, As Do The Changing Clouds In The Sky.

17. Introduction:P r i v a t e g a r d e n : S o u t h C h i n a
C h i n e s e g a r d e n
Master-of-nets garden (18th century) A Water Pavilion
Commanding
Water Scenes In
Different
Directions, Boat like
House Berthing By
A Corner Of A
Larger Pond,
Walking Galleries
Meandering Along
The Embankment
And Pavilions Of
Different Forms
Dispersed Along
The Waterside Are
Typical Water
Scenes Of Chinese
Gardens.

18. Introduction:P r i v a t e g a r d e n : S o u t h C h i n a
C h i n e s e g a r d e n
Openings:
Just as an artist frames a certain subject within the
painting, the views in a garden can be emphasized in a
similar way by setting up screens to block undesirable
views while opening only to the scenes most striking parts.
In Chinese garden such details as moon gate and lattice
windows or openings in a corridor wall in various shapes,
which are designed for this propose.

19. Introduction:P r i v a t e g a r d e n : S o u t h C h i n a
C h i n e s e g a r d e n

20. Introduction:
C h i n e s e g a r d e n
C o n c l u s i o n :
Time line 551-479 BC
Perception of nature Feng shui
Ontological reference Integrated whole
Siting Mountains and rivers
Site and surroundings Closed spaces, distant views
Philosophy Confucianism
Spatial organization Several scene
Function Rejuvenation
Ownership • Private gardens of South China
• Imperial gardens of North China
Scale Human
Elements Plants, pavilions, enclosed wall, winding path, pond,
bridges, screens, openings