A detailed study of Chinese Gardens with reference to concept, geography, design philosophy, characteristics, elements, and symbolism. Also, includes the two classifications, i.e., Imperial Style and Scholarly Style, with examples such as Shanglin Garden, Ganquan Garden, Yuanming Garden, Beihai Garden, the Humble Administrator's Garden, and the Summer Palace.
A detailed study of Chinese Gardens with reference to concept, geography, design philosophy, characteristics, elements, and symbolism. Also, includes the two classifications, i.e., Imperial Style and Scholarly Style, with examples such as Shanglin Garden, Ganquan Garden, Yuanming Garden, Beihai Garden, the Humble Administrator's Garden, and the Summer Palace.
A typical Chinese garden is enclosed by walls and includes one or more ponds, rock works, trees and flowers, and an assortment of halls and pavilions within the garden, connected by winding paths and zig-zag galleries.
landscape of japanese gardens - history and evolution. elements of japanese gardens, famous japanese gardens, tea gardens, zen gardens, stroll gardens, courtyard gardens etc
Persian Garden - landscape architecture
prepared by students of bachelor of architecture from indo global college of architecture affiliate with I.K. GUJRAL PUNJAB TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY.
A typical Chinese garden is enclosed by walls and includes one or more ponds, rock works, trees and flowers, and an assortment of halls and pavilions within the garden, connected by winding paths and zig-zag galleries.
landscape of japanese gardens - history and evolution. elements of japanese gardens, famous japanese gardens, tea gardens, zen gardens, stroll gardens, courtyard gardens etc
Persian Garden - landscape architecture
prepared by students of bachelor of architecture from indo global college of architecture affiliate with I.K. GUJRAL PUNJAB TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY.
complete study on Japanese Gardens, elements of Japanese gardens, principles of Japanese gardens, case study on Japanese gardens, examples of Japanese gardens, types of Japanese gardens
Japanese Gardens: History, Typologies & Elements | Landscape Architecture | K...Gary Gilson
History of Landscape Architecture:
Changing relationship of man with nature in various phases in history and its influence. Reviewing landscape design and garden design in history in various parts of the world & phases in history. Study of Japanese gardens
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
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and write to us if you have any questions:
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"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
2. • Transformation of garden
into imperial parks and
hunting ground.
• places for the emperor
to rest and renew
energy
• Imitating nature and
pursuing poetic
effects appeared.
• Style of garden where
people bred animals
and hunted.
Introduction:
C h i n e s e g a r d e n
T h e e r a o f C h i n e s e g a r d e n h i s t o r y :
3000 YEARS AGO
1
2
HAN DYNASTY
206 B.C-A.D.220
QIN DYNASTY
221-207 B.C
SOUTHERN AND
NORTHERN DYNASTIES
PERIOD
420-581
3
TANG AND SONG
DYNASTIES
618-1279
4
• Development of
landscape garden
Ming and Qing dynasties
1368-1911
5
• Excellence in scale and architecture.
• Again brought focus to the building
structures in the garden, but
specifically to enhance appearance.
• Buildings were added solely to
create pleasant or striking
scenery.
3. Introduction:
C h i n e s e g a r d e n
C o m p o n e n t s o f C h i n e s e g a r d e n :
componentsofgarden
Halls & Pavilions1
Types Location Purpose
Ceremony halls Located near the entrance of
the garden
Family celebrations
Pavilion of Flowers close to the residential home Have a small rock garden.
Flowers and plants
Pavilions with movable
walls
Large gardens will have guest
rooms and housing.
Offer a panoramic view of the entire garden
Seasonal Pavilions
(Some gardens contain a
Pavilion of Mandarin Ducks,
which is divided into two
seasonal sections)
North section faces toward a
lotus pond
Cool air will blow into this part of the pavilion during
the summertime.
South section toward a pine
tree-filled courtyard and plum
trees
When the plum trees blossom, it means that spring is
on the way
4. componentsofgarden
Trees and Ponds or lakes & bridges2
• Used in the form of ponds, lakes, streams, rivers and water-falls.
• Gardens will have a single lake with one or more streams coming into the lake, with bridges crossing
the streams.
• The pond is usually situated in the center of the garden. The other elements of the garden will be
arranged around the pond. Some ponds have fish in them, like goldfish.
• Plants are chosen carefully, dependent on their texture, shape, color and fragrance.
C h i n e s e g a r d e n
C o m p o n e n t s o f C h i n e s e g a r d e n :
The natural scenery in the East Lake Scenic garden in
Shaoxing
The beautiful, quiet and simple rural scenery in South
China.
5. componentsofgarden
Garden wall and enclosure3
Classical Chinese gardens were surrounded by a white wall. The
stark color contrast sets a nice backdrop for the trees and
flowers. Green leaves and colorful blooms really stand out
against a white setting.
C h i n e s e g a r d e n
C o m p o n e n t s o f C h i n e s e g a r d e n :
The new twig grown from the old plum tree in the
courtyard of old temple in the Tiantai Mountain
The yellow wall and the bamboo shadow in the
religious Ling Gu Temple in Nanjing
6. Introduction:C o m p o n e n t s o f C h i n e s e g a r d e n :
componentsofgarden
Frame and screens4
Instead, small scenes are set up so that as you
wander through the garden, you come upon
several intimate settings to view. Every scene
is well-planned and framed.
C h i n e s e g a r d e n
The delicate view - finding gate in
South China scholar’s garden
The Jichang Garden in Wuxi -
the greenness coming into your
eyes through the door opening
The gate of the east line of the
Garden of Gathered Brocade
Different pattern in screens
used as frame
7. Introduction:C o m p o n e n t s o f C h i n e s e g a r d e n :
componentsofgarden
Rocks5
• Used for both structural and sculptural
purposes.
• Rock represents a mountain, or a row of rocks
represents a mountain range.
• Mountain peaks symbolize virtue and stability.
• They also symbolize belief in the philosophy
laid out by Confucius.
Example: Loin forest
garden
A series of man-made
mountains with various
buildings around the lake
,and an artificial waterfall
and cliffs at the edge of
the lake on the west
Naturally-created abstract
sculptures –Tai Lake Stone
Peak in Chinese garden
C h i n e s e g a r d e n
8. Introduction:T y p e s o f C h i n e s e g a r d e n :
IMPERIAL GARDEN1
Imperial gardens are mostly found in north
China, with those in Beijing as representatives,
featuring grandness and magnificence.
PRIVATE GARDEN2
• Private gardens are mostly found in south
China, especially in cities in south of the
Yangtze River, such as Suzhou, Wuxi,
Nanjing and Hangzhou.
• Private gardens were designed and created as
a place of retreat for the ancient scholars to
escape the chaos of the city and have private
relaxation.
• Private gardens in China are more intimate
than the grand imperial gardens, but their
simplicity offers a unique form of beauty.
These gardens were often used for parties,
such as those during the autumn moon festival.
C h i n e s e g a r d e n
9. Introduction:I m p e r i a l g a r d e n : N o r t h C h i n a
C h i n e s e g a r d e n
Location: Northwest of central Beijing
Type of garden: Imperial garden
Purpose: The Imperial Family wanted to escape the
heat of the walled Forbidden City, so airy pavilions
were placed in the garden.
Area: 2.9 sq.km
Built: Quing dynasty, 1644-1911.
Main parts of Summer Palace:
1. kunming lake
2. longevity hill
3. the long corridor
THE GARDEN ALSO CAN BE DIVIDED INTO THREE
PARTS :
ADMINISTRATION, taking halls of benevolence and
longevity as its principal part, is the place where civil
dealt with state affairs and received officials.
RESIDENCE mainly consists of hall of jade billows,
garden of virtue and harmony, and hall of joyful
longevity.
SCENERY BROWSING AREA- THE KUNMING LAKE AND
LONG CORDIAL made up of the scenery browsing
area.
10. Introduction:I m p e r i a l g a r d e n : N o r t h C h i n a
C h i n e s e g a r d e n
11. Introduction:I m p e r i a l g a r d e n : N o r t h C h i n a
C h i n e s e g a r d e n
The summer palace’s first
collection of pavallions : the
entrance complex
1. East palace gate
2. Hall of benevolence and
longevity
3. Rockery garden
1
2
1
2
43
6
5
The second collection of pavallions : the imperial
living quarters
1. Hall of jade billows
2. Lodge of the propriety of weeding
3. Hall of happiness in longevity
4. Garden of virtue and harmony
5. Pavalion of beautiful sunset
6. Hall of affinity between wood and water
The third collection of pavallions
and courtyards :
1. Hall that dispels the clouds
2. Hall of glorious virtue
3. Tower of the fragrance of
buddha
4. Sea-of-wisdom tower
COLLECTION OF PAVALLIONS
3
12. Introduction:P r i v a t e g a r d e n : S o u t h C h i n a
C h i n e s e g a r d e n
LION GROVE GARDEN first built 1342, rebuilt 1918
13. Introduction:P r i v a t e g a r d e n : S o u t h C h i n a
C h i n e s e g a r d e n
LION GROVE GARDEN
14. Introduction:P r i v a t e g a r d e n : S o u t h C h i n a
C h i n e s e g a r d e n
15. Introduction:P r i v a t e g a r d e n : S o u t h C h i n a
C h i n e s e g a r d e n
LION GROVE GARDEN
The artificial hill is molded to stimulate the
distilled and enhanced beauty of mountains
views- peaks, cliff, precipice, ravine gorge
and cave
16. Introduction:P r i v a t e g a r d e n : S o u t h C h i n a
C h i n e s e g a r d e n
LION GROVE GARDEN
In the lion grove garden, exquisite an dainty lake rocks were sculptured to
depict the lively actions of lions of all ages and sizes.
Rockery Presentations Are Expected To Evoke Personal Feelings
Through Abstract Beauty That Inspires The Unlimited Enjoyment Of
Reminiscence And Thus Allows For Different Interpretations, Varying
With Moods Or Perspectives, As Do The Changing Clouds In The Sky.
17. Introduction:P r i v a t e g a r d e n : S o u t h C h i n a
C h i n e s e g a r d e n
Master-of-nets garden (18th century) A Water Pavilion
Commanding
Water Scenes In
Different
Directions, Boat like
House Berthing By
A Corner Of A
Larger Pond,
Walking Galleries
Meandering Along
The Embankment
And Pavilions Of
Different Forms
Dispersed Along
The Waterside Are
Typical Water
Scenes Of Chinese
Gardens.
18. Introduction:P r i v a t e g a r d e n : S o u t h C h i n a
C h i n e s e g a r d e n
Openings:
Just as an artist frames a certain subject within the
painting, the views in a garden can be emphasized in a
similar way by setting up screens to block undesirable
views while opening only to the scenes most striking parts.
In Chinese garden such details as moon gate and lattice
windows or openings in a corridor wall in various shapes,
which are designed for this propose.
19. Introduction:P r i v a t e g a r d e n : S o u t h C h i n a
C h i n e s e g a r d e n
20. Introduction:
C h i n e s e g a r d e n
C o n c l u s i o n :
Time line 551-479 BC
Perception of nature Feng shui
Ontological reference Integrated whole
Siting Mountains and rivers
Site and surroundings Closed spaces, distant views
Philosophy Confucianism
Spatial organization Several scene
Function Rejuvenation
Ownership • Private gardens of South China
• Imperial gardens of North China
Scale Human
Elements Plants, pavilions, enclosed wall, winding path, pond,
bridges, screens, openings