Chinese garden

1. Zhou Xiangpin 周向频 | Chinese and Western Classical Garden
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Chinese and Western Classical Garden
中西古典园林
Comparison between Chinese and Western Gardens
in different types
不同类型园林的中西比较
PH,D Associate Prof. Zhou Xiangpin 周向频
2015.11.03
Assistant：Zheng Liqun郑力群

2. Zhou Xiangpin 周向频 | Chinese and Western Classical Garden
• Royal Gardens皇家园林
• Private Gardens私家园林
• Temple Gardens 寺观园林
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3. Zhou Xiangpin 周向频 | Chinese and Western Classical Garden
皇家园林
Royal Gardens
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4. Zhou Xiangpin 周向频 | Chinese and Western Classical Garden
Compare YÒU with Hunting garden
囿VS狩猎园
• All satisfy emperor or king that they want to enjoy hunting
• Animals ,trees and ponds
• Large scale
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5. Zhou Xiangpin 周向频 | Chinese and Western Classical Garden
甲骨文 Oracle bone script
皇家园林起源于中国古代皇帝的一种狩猎游戏
The Chines royal gardens originated in the ancient
game reserves of the Chinese emperors.
早在商朝，皇帝和贵族就热衷于狩猎, 把自然景
色优美的地方圈起来，放养禽兽，池中养鱼，
供帝王狩猎。皇家园林逐渐成型。
Early in the Shang Dynasty(1700~1100BC),
emperors and aristocrats keen on hunting and
chose the areas where birds and beasts were
plentiful as their hunting sites, where they kept
animals, raised fish in ponds and built
pavilions.Gradually, the royal parks took their
shape.
囿(you) 圃
ORIGIN
囿
YOU
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6. Zhou Xiangpin 周向频 | Chinese and Western Classical Garden
Dating back to ZHOU dynasty(1046~256BC),
these areas of forests ,woods and
animals ,called ‘You’ in Chinese ,covered
dozens of square kilometers.
This is garden belong to the emperor
Zhou ,called “Ling You” in Chinese, there
are many beasts in the garden and also
many fishes in the ponds.
周文王建灵囿，方七十里，其间草木茂盛，
鸟兽繁衍。最初的“囿”，就是把自然景色
优美的地方圈起来，放养禽兽，供帝王狩猎，
所以也叫游囿。
周文王 灵囿
Ling YOU
1059~1056BC
“王在灵囿，麀鹿攸伏，麀鹿濯濯，百鸟翯
翯。王在灵沼，於牣鱼跃。”
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7. Zhou Xiangpin 周向频 | Chinese and Western Classical Garden
In the highlands to the north, the Assyrians
and Persians developed great tree-filled
parks for hunting on horseback. They
planned rectangular walled within wild
beasts.The land and garden was irrigated by
pools and canals .They were usually set in
vast barren plains.
hunting scenarios in reliefs,Assurnasirpal II ,883~859BC
亚述那西尔二世骑马打猎的浮雕
DARIUS HUNTING IN A GROVE OF PALMS
大流士(古波斯帝国国王)打猎图
在北方的高地上，随着马匹的驯化,亚述人和
波斯人则发展了用于狩园。把圈起来的一大片
土地上,种有整齐树木 , 园内放养野兽, 供人
骑马捕猎.里面有水池和沟渠灌溉，树荫遮阳，
一般都建造在广阔的贫瘠的平原上。
狩猎园 亚述 about 1000BC
Hunting garden Assyrians
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8. Zhou Xiangpin 周向频 | Chinese and Western Classical Garden
Compare The summer palace with
Garden of Versailles
颐和园VS凡尔赛宫花园
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9. Zhou Xiangpin 周向频 | Chinese and Western Classical Garden
The royal gardens reached the peak of their splendor in the Qing Dynasty. During the time from the Kangxi
Period (康熙) to the Qianlong Period (乾隆), the emperors had many gardens built on a grand scale. Besides
the reconstruction of the royal garden of the Three Seas, there were also Three Mountains and Five Gardens.
颐和园
The summer palace 1750~1765AD
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10. Zhou Xiangpin 周向频 | Chinese and Western Classical Garden
颐和园
The summer palace 1750~1765AD
The Summer Palace (颐和园; pinyin: Yíhéyuán)is a
vast ensemble of lakes, gardens and palaces in
Beijing, China. Mainly dominated by Longevity Hill
(万寿山; Wànshòu Shān) and Kunming Lake (昆明
湖; Kūnmíng Hú), it covers an expanse of 2.9 square
kilometres (1.1 sq mi), three-quarters of which is
water.
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11. Zhou Xiangpin 周向频 | Chinese and Western Classical Garden
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凡尔赛宫花园
Garden of Versailles, France Evolving with the château, the gardens of
Versailles represent one of the finest examples
in French garden design.

12. Zhou Xiangpin 周向频 | Chinese and Western Classical Garden
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In the 1760s, William Cavendish, 4th Duke of
Devonshire redirected the approach to
Chatsworth. He invited Brown to reconstruct
the garden .one part had been transformed to
British natural garden.
凡尔赛宫花园
Garden of Versailles

13. Zhou Xiangpin 周向频 | Chinese and Western Classical Garden
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颐和园
The summer palace 1750~1765AD
Axis（轴线）
Similarities：show power of the Royal family
Differences： Asymmetric (不对称的) axis in The summer palace

14. Zhou Xiangpin 周向频 | Chinese and Western Classical Garden
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凡尔赛宫花园
Garden of Versailles Axis
轴线
Similarities：show power of the Royal family
Differences： Symmetrical (对称的) axis in The
Garden of Versailles

15. Zhou Xiangpin 周向频 | Chinese and Western Classical Garden
私家园林
Private Gardens
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16. Zhou Xiangpin 周向频 | Chinese and Western Classical Garden
Urban private garden
城市私园
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17. Zhou Xiangpin 周向频 | Chinese and Western Classical Garden
In general, private gardens in the cities were small in size, so the designers
employed various architectural techniques to arrange the position and
expand the visual space, such as winding and covering, hiding and revealing,
closing and opening, separating and borrowing, to raise visitors’ awareness
of the esthetic use of space.
Steming from the nature, and surpassing the natural
Private garde in China
中国私家园林
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Regular：Scales generally larger, pay attention to rules, symmetry are neat.
There is still a clear axis and geometrical para relationship, even the trees
and flowers to trim molding and built into the geometric relationships.
Natural：According to the size of the land , artistically combining the local
nature of the elements of the nature and showing in front of people
Private garde in Western countries
西方私家园林

18. Zhou Xiangpin 周向频 | Chinese and Western Classical Garden
Hiding and Revealing
hiding
revealing
The Lingering Garden
留园
Private garde in China
中国私家园林

19. Zhou Xiangpin 周向频 | Chinese and Western Classical Garden
The ElEMENTS of Chinese garden
• Artificial hills
• Winding water
• Natural plants
• Appropriate architecture
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Private garde in China
中国私家园林

20. Zhou Xiangpin 周向频 | Chinese and Western Classical Garden
Plan of a house, Ancient Greek
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Private garde in Western
countries
西方私家园林
Garden in a house, Ancient Greek

21. Zhou Xiangpin 周向频 | Chinese and Western Classical Garden
Private garde Of the West
西方私家园林
The ELEMENTS of the gardens in the west
• sculpture
• Regular pool、fountain
• Geometric plants
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House of the Gilded Cupids,
Pompeii, Italy

22. Zhou Xiangpin 周向频 | Chinese and Western Classical Garden
Manor and villa
庄园、别墅
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23. Zhou Xiangpin 周向频 | Chinese and Western Classical Garden
Wangchuan Manor ，Tang Dynasty，
Wang Wei (Poet，painter)
辋川别业，唐，王维(诗人，画家)
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Conforming to nature顺应自然
Garden inside a garden园中有园

24. Zhou Xiangpin 周向频 | Chinese and Western Classical Garden
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Wangchuan Manor ，Tang Dynasty，
Wang Wei (Poet，painter)
辋川别业，唐，王维(诗人，画家)
Conforming to nature顺应自然
Garden inside a garden园中有园
One part of the
drawing

25. Zhou Xiangpin 周向频 | Chinese and Western Classical Garden
Villa Lante，Italy
兰特庄园
• Axis
• Terrace garden
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26. Zhou Xiangpin 周向频 | Chinese and Western Classical Garden
寺观园林
Temple Gardens
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27. Zhou Xiangpin 周向频 | Chinese and Western Classical Garden
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寺观园林
Temple Garden
Natural Pattern
Temple Gardens
Irregular Axis
Form形式

28. Zhou Xiangpin 周向频 | Chinese and Western Classical Garden
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寺观园林
Temple Garden
Geometry Pattern
Regular Axis
Monastery Gardens
Basilica, Paradiso …
Form形式

29. Zhou Xiangpin 周向频 | Chinese and Western Classical Garden
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寺观园林
Temple Garden
Function功能
Temple Gardens
Festival Activities
Scholar Activities
…..
Religious Activities
Activities place

30. Zhou Xiangpin 周向频 | Chinese and Western Classical Garden
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寺观园林
Temple Garden
Monastery Gardens
Living place & Hospital & Education Place
Orchard
Herb Garden
…..
Vegetable Garden
Function功能